英语语法-特殊句式
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did.
• 2.在if 条件句中,通常可以省略if ,而将从句倒装 条件: 在if 条件句,必须含有系动词were, 助动词 had 和 情态动词should
Were he younger(=If he were younger ),he would learn skating .
Should they forget (=If they should forget ) to bring a map with them ,they would get lost in the woods .
倒装句
• 倒装句是指句子成分不是按照主语在前、谓语在 后的正常语序排列，而是将谓语或谓语的一部分 一到主语之前。
• 倒装句是一种修辞手段，目的是为了强调。 • 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 • 完全倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来，
把谓语移到主语前面。 • 部分倒装是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词
• (3) 被强调部分的人称和数 • 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that
后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保 持一致
• It was they that were talking and laughing. • 是他们在又说又笑的。
• （4）强调句指人和指物的情况 • 被强调部分指人时，It is (was)… 后用who（强调
Hardly had the train arrived when I ran to meet my friend.
Not only does she speak English but also she follows the British way of life .
• 5. only 及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒 装。
• 4.以not until ,no sooner …than , hardly …when ,not only …but also 所引导的状 语放在句首时,需要部分倒装
Not until 10’clock the will library open .
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me .
• Do come early next time. • He did send you a letter last week.
• 2. “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…”强调句型
• “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…” 句型中的it 没有实际意义，只是用来改变 句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。 所强调的可以是谓语以外的其他任何成份， 如主语、宾语、状语等。
home . Often did I advise him to give it up . Only he was right . Only +主语位于句首不倒装
• 6. So\such…that 句型中，以so\such 开头的句子 中，主句要部分倒装
• 1.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
• (2) 强调句型中的数 • 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It 后的
动词均用单数形式，即is 或 was
• “It is +被强调部分 +who…” 强调句型 • It is they who have finished cleaning the
classroom. • 他们才是已经打扫完教室的人。
➢ 过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they
liked to the Chinese people.
部分倒装
• 1. 将so\neither \nor 放在开头,表示“…也(不)…” 的意思时,部分倒装 注:表示“确实是这样”时,不倒装
• 5) Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.
• 3.表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动 词+主语”
➢ 形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor
White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
• 2.So small were the words that he could hardly see them .
• 3.Such an interesting film was it that we were all deeply moved .
• 7. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 • n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情态
• 8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，用部分倒装。 May you can have a sweet dream.
省略句
• 省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。出于修辞 上的需要，本该具有的成份在句中并不出 现，这种句子叫做省略句。
• 其特点是： 虽然省去句子语法构造所需要 的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。 省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都 可省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。
• 1) Here comes the bus . • 2) There goes the bell . • 3) Away went the students . • 4) Now comes the chance .
注意：1.不能用进行时； 2. 主语为人称代词时不 倒装。
• 5) Out rushed the children.
He went to the film last night. So did I . You must finish your work, so must I . She is interested in the story, so am I . He didn’t turn up. Neither did his brother . His mother told him not to go to the film. So he
• （1）强调句型的时态 • 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过
去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表 示过去的时态时，用It was… that… • 表示现9在的时态时，用It is… that…
• It is the computer that is doing many jobs. • When was it that the football match started?
Had they realized (=If they had realized ) how important the task was ,they wouldn’t have refused to accept .
Were I you ,I would help her .
• 3.否定词或半否定词 (never, little ,seldom ,not ,nowhere无处, few , by no means
动词
• Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.
• 单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词 Young as he is, he knows more than you.
• 2) In front of our school stands a tower .
• 3) By either side of the river grow a lot of apple trees .
• 4) At the top of the mountain stands a temple .
或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装。
英语倒装句分为两种：
１、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装句。 Here comes the car.
２、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系 动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之 后的句子，叫部分倒装句。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
• often 位于句首时，同样。
Only in this way can we solve the problem . Only then could the experiment show its result . Only when the war was over was he able to go
主语）, whom（强调宾语）或 that均可 • 指事物或情况时，通常用that（不用when，
where，which等）
• It was yesterday that he saw me in the park.
• It was in the street that they quarreled.
倒装句
必须弄清的两点：
①若有主从句，哪句倒装。 ②部分倒装wenku.baidu.com是完全倒装。
完全倒装
• 1.表示方位和时间的副词位于句首时（now ,then， here ,there, out ,in ,up, down ,away ,back, off, on ), 句子 全部倒装。注：主语是代词时， 不倒装。（如5，6）
Out he rushed.
• 6) There comes the bus.
There he comes.
Only +状语
• 原句： We can achieve success only through hard work.
• 倒装： Only through hard work can we achieve success.
否定词/包含否定词的词组
• 原句：I didn’t get up until 9:00. • 倒装： Not until 9:00 did I get up.
So /such… that…
• 原句：He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him.
• 倒装： So fast did he speak that I didn’t understand him.
So单独出现在句首
• Mary had a good time last night. • So she did, and so did I.
• 2.以介词短语表示的状语，提前位于句首时，全 部倒装。
• 1) In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor .
简单句中的省略
• 1. 省略主语 Haven’t seen you for years! (Haven’t 前省略了主语I )
• 2. 省略谓语或部分谓语 Anything you want? ( Anything 前省略了Is there) The students still waiting. (The students 前省略了
特殊句式
（强调句、倒装句、省略句）
主讲人：
英语语法专项
强调句
• 强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之 一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思 想能被对方恰当地理解，必须加强语气， 突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色 彩，这时就会用到强调。
• 1. “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”的强调形 式 “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”是英语中强 调谓语的方法。在这里do的含义是“的确，务必， 千万，真的”。
决不 ,at no time 从不)位于句首,应部分倒装
Never have I been there . Little did I know about it . Seldom did she come late to school . Not a single mistake did he make . By no means should you buy that kind of car
• 2.在if 条件句中,通常可以省略if ,而将从句倒装 条件: 在if 条件句,必须含有系动词were, 助动词 had 和 情态动词should
Were he younger(=If he were younger ),he would learn skating .
Should they forget (=If they should forget ) to bring a map with them ,they would get lost in the woods .
倒装句
• 倒装句是指句子成分不是按照主语在前、谓语在 后的正常语序排列，而是将谓语或谓语的一部分 一到主语之前。
• 倒装句是一种修辞手段，目的是为了强调。 • 倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。 • 完全倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来，
把谓语移到主语前面。 • 部分倒装是把句子谓语的一部分（主要是助动词
• (3) 被强调部分的人称和数 • 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that
后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保 持一致
• It was they that were talking and laughing. • 是他们在又说又笑的。
• （4）强调句指人和指物的情况 • 被强调部分指人时，It is (was)… 后用who（强调
Hardly had the train arrived when I ran to meet my friend.
Not only does she speak English but also she follows the British way of life .
• 5. only 及其修饰的状语位于句首时，后面的句子部分倒 装。
• 4.以not until ,no sooner …than , hardly …when ,not only …but also 所引导的状 语放在句首时,需要部分倒装
Not until 10’clock the will library open .
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me .
• Do come early next time. • He did send you a letter last week.
• 2. “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…”强调句型
• “It is /was +被强调部分 +that/ who (m)…” 句型中的it 没有实际意义，只是用来改变 句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。 所强调的可以是谓语以外的其他任何成份， 如主语、宾语、状语等。
home . Often did I advise him to give it up . Only he was right . Only +主语位于句首不倒装
• 6. So\such…that 句型中，以so\such 开头的句子 中，主句要部分倒装
• 1.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
• (2) 强调句型中的数 • 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It 后的
动词均用单数形式，即is 或 was
• “It is +被强调部分 +who…” 强调句型 • It is they who have finished cleaning the
classroom. • 他们才是已经打扫完教室的人。
➢ 过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when they could do what they
liked to the Chinese people.
部分倒装
• 1. 将so\neither \nor 放在开头,表示“…也(不)…” 的意思时,部分倒装 注:表示“确实是这样”时,不倒装
• 5) Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers and toys.
• 3.表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动 词+主语”
➢ 形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were Professor
White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
• 2.So small were the words that he could hardly see them .
• 3.Such an interesting film was it that we were all deeply moved .
• 7. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 • n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情态
• 8. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，用部分倒装。 May you can have a sweet dream.
省略句
• 省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。出于修辞 上的需要，本该具有的成份在句中并不出 现，这种句子叫做省略句。
• 其特点是： 虽然省去句子语法构造所需要 的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。 省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都 可省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系。
• 1) Here comes the bus . • 2) There goes the bell . • 3) Away went the students . • 4) Now comes the chance .
注意：1.不能用进行时； 2. 主语为人称代词时不 倒装。
• 5) Out rushed the children.
He went to the film last night. So did I . You must finish your work, so must I . She is interested in the story, so am I . He didn’t turn up. Neither did his brother . His mother told him not to go to the film. So he
• （1）强调句型的时态 • 原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过
去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表 示过去的时态时，用It was… that… • 表示现9在的时态时，用It is… that…
• It is the computer that is doing many jobs. • When was it that the football match started?
Had they realized (=If they had realized ) how important the task was ,they wouldn’t have refused to accept .
Were I you ,I would help her .
• 3.否定词或半否定词 (never, little ,seldom ,not ,nowhere无处, few , by no means
动词
• Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.
• 单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词 Young as he is, he knows more than you.
• 2) In front of our school stands a tower .
• 3) By either side of the river grow a lot of apple trees .
• 4) At the top of the mountain stands a temple .
或系动词）放到句子主语前，构成部分倒装。
英语倒装句分为两种：
１、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装句。 Here comes the car.
２、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系 动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之 后的句子，叫部分倒装句。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
• often 位于句首时，同样。
Only in this way can we solve the problem . Only then could the experiment show its result . Only when the war was over was he able to go
主语）, whom（强调宾语）或 that均可 • 指事物或情况时，通常用that（不用when，
where，which等）
• It was yesterday that he saw me in the park.
• It was in the street that they quarreled.
倒装句
必须弄清的两点：
①若有主从句，哪句倒装。 ②部分倒装wenku.baidu.com是完全倒装。
完全倒装
• 1.表示方位和时间的副词位于句首时（now ,then， here ,there, out ,in ,up, down ,away ,back, off, on ), 句子 全部倒装。注：主语是代词时， 不倒装。（如5，6）
Out he rushed.
• 6) There comes the bus.
There he comes.
Only +状语
• 原句： We can achieve success only through hard work.
• 倒装： Only through hard work can we achieve success.
否定词/包含否定词的词组
• 原句：I didn’t get up until 9:00. • 倒装： Not until 9:00 did I get up.
So /such… that…
• 原句：He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him.
• 倒装： So fast did he speak that I didn’t understand him.
So单独出现在句首
• Mary had a good time last night. • So she did, and so did I.
• 2.以介词短语表示的状语，提前位于句首时，全 部倒装。
• 1) In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor .
简单句中的省略
• 1. 省略主语 Haven’t seen you for years! (Haven’t 前省略了主语I )
• 2. 省略谓语或部分谓语 Anything you want? ( Anything 前省略了Is there) The students still waiting. (The students 前省略了
特殊句式
（强调句、倒装句、省略句）
主讲人：
英语语法专项
强调句
• 强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之 一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思 想能被对方恰当地理解，必须加强语气， 突出重要的内容，增加对比效果与感情色 彩，这时就会用到强调。
• 1. “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”的强调形 式 “助动词do (does/did)+谓语动词”是英语中强 调谓语的方法。在这里do的含义是“的确，务必， 千万，真的”。
决不 ,at no time 从不)位于句首,应部分倒装
Never have I been there . Little did I know about it . Seldom did she come late to school . Not a single mistake did he make . By no means should you buy that kind of car