专题13 简单句(句子的种类)

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”结构时,反意疑问部分要用 “be (not) +there”结构
There are some bananas in the basket, aren't there? 篮子里有些香蕉,不是吗?
当陈述句部分有hardly, seldom, few,
He hardly remembers his old friend's
— He's a pilot of Sichuan Airlines. He's a hero!
A. What B. Where C. When D. How
( B )7. (18北京中考) — ________ do you usually go to school, Mary?
— By bike.
He said that Mary wouldn't come early, didn't he? 他说玛丽不会早来,不是吗?
I don't think you have heard of him before, have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他, 是吗?
祈使句的肯定形式,反意疑问部分用 will you或won't you皆可
You'd better give up smoking, hadn't you? 你最好戒烟,不是吗?
They used to see English movies on Sundays, didn't they/usedn't they?他们 过去常常周末看英文电影,不是吗?
(2)反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes, 事实是否定的,就要用no。 要特别注意当陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问 句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。 这种省略回答的yes要 译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 如: — He likes playing football, doesn't he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗? — Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. 是的,他喜欢。/不,他不喜欢。 — His sister didn't attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹/姐姐没有参加会议,是 吗? — Yes, she did./ No, she didn't. 不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。
4.反意疑问句 附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫反意疑问句,一般由两部分组成: 陈述句+简略问句。基本结构为:前肯后否;前否后肯;前后(人称、时态)一 致。 (1)反意疑问句中的用法。
当陈述句部分的主语是名词时,反意疑 Your brother has gone to Beijing, hasn't
当陈述句部分的主语是everything,
Everything has gone wrong today, hasn't
anything, something, nothing 等表示物的 it? 今天什么都出问题了,不是吗?
不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语用it
当陈述句部分是“there be+主语+其他
3.选择疑问句 用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫选择疑问句。 结构:
常见的两种
一般选择疑问句wenku.baidu.com构成:一般疑问句 +or+被选择的内容 特殊选择疑问句的构成:特殊疑问句 +A or B?
Are you a teacher or a doctor?你是一名 老师还是一名医生?
Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪一个?
常用疑 问副词
常用疑 问短语
when何时; where何地; how怎么 Where are you going tomorrow?
; why为什么
明天你去哪儿?
what time几点; how many/much 多 少; how much多少钱; how often 多久一次; how soon 多久;how How long have you been here? long多长时间; how far 多远; how 你来这儿多久了? old多大(年龄);how big多大, what color什么颜色
问部分的主语须用人称代词来代替
he? 你弟弟去北京了,不是吗?
当陈述句部分的主语是指示代词this, that时,反意疑问部分的主语用it代替;
That isn't a useful dictionary, is it? 那不是 一本有用的词典,是吗?
指示代词是these, those 时,反意疑问部 分的主语用 they代替
These are important reading materials, aren't they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料, 不是吗?
当陈述句部分是I am…时,反意疑问部 分通常要用aren't;如陈述句部分的主 语是I am not时,反意疑问部分通常要 用 am I
I'm late for class, aren't I? 我上课迟到了 ,不是吗? I'm not doing well, am I? 我做得不好, 是吗?
第二轮 语法复习
第13课时 简单句(句子的种类)
考点检索 考点管理 课时作业 参考答案
考点检索
考点管理
考点1 陈述句 用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句,分为肯定句和否定句



肯定句的基本结构是“主语+ I play basketball after school.我
谓语”
放学后打篮球。
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today .
考点2 疑问句 1.一般疑问句 以系动词、助动词或情态动词开头,可以用Yes/No来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问 句。
以系动词be开头的疑问句 Are you a student? 你是学生吗?
以助动词开头的疑问句 Do you speak English? 你说英语吗?
little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分
name, does he? 他几乎不记得他的老朋
要用肯定形式
友的名字了,对吗?
当陈述句部分带有否定前缀(如unhappy,
It's impossible for him to make such a
unimportant, impossible, unlike, dislike, inexpensive)或后缀(如 careless) 时,反 意疑问部分仍用否定结构
mistake, isn't it?他不可能犯这样的错 误,不是吗?
陈述部分是主从复合句, 附加疑问部
分应和主句保持一致,但是当主句的主 语是第一人称,且谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时, 反意疑问部分要和从句中的主语、时态 、人称保持一致,同时要注意否定转移

①用 hardly, seldom, few,little room.我在房间几乎没看见什

等词表示
么。
② not 和 both, all, each, every, Not all students went to the
quite, always等连用表示部分 playground. 学生没有全去操场

完全否定:常用 not, no, no Nobody can go back and start a
one, nobody, nothing, neither, new beginning.没有人能回到
none, never 等词表示否定意义 过去重新开始。

部分否定:
I hardly see anything in the
what 引导
What+形容词+可数名词复数 What interesting books (they are)
形式(+主语+谓语)!
!多么有趣的一些书啊!
What nice music (it is)!多么美 What+形容词+不可数名词(+
A. When B. How
C. Where D. Why
( C )8. (18青海中考改编) — Do you prefer to hang out with friends or stay
alone?
— ________. I'm an outgoing girl.
A. Yes, I do
B. Neither
Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要给 我们写信,好吗?
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't you? 今晚来跟我们一起吃饭,好 吗?
Let's开头的祈使句,构成反意疑问句 时,用shall we构成;其他的祈使句构 成反意疑问句时均用 will you
陈述句中有 had better (最好)时,反意 疑问部分要用had
含有used to的反意疑问部分要用didn't 或usedn't
Let's take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后,我们去散步,好吗? Let the boy go first,will you? 让那个男 孩先走,好吗?
( B )2. The girl ________ the music she can dance to.
A. love
B. loves
C. loving D. is loving
3. (19重庆中考A卷) I am interested in writing. (改为否定句) I am not interested in writing. 4. 今日事今日毕。(汉译英)
典题链接
( C )5. (18苏州中考) — ________ does it take you to get to school by bike?
— About fifteen minutes.
A. How soon
B. How often
C. How long
D. How far
( A )6. (18福建中考A卷改编) — ________ does Liu Chuanjian do?
A. hadn't he
B. had he
C. didn't he
D. did he
考点3 感叹句 感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。常用what和how引导。
What+a/an+形容词+可数名 What a beautiful present (it is)! 词单数形式(+主语+谓语)! 多么漂亮的一件礼物啊!
否定

典题链接
( D )1. (19徐州中考改编) China's highspeed railways ________ grown from 9 ,000 to 29,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are
B. were
C. will
D. have
C. I like to go out with my friends
D. No, I don't
( D )9. (19黔南州中考改编) — Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning,
________?
— No. Because he had a fever.
当陈述句部分的主语是
everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, Nobody called me when I was out, did
no one/nobody,none 等表示人的不定代 they? 我外出时没人打电话给我,不是
词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用they; 吗?
以情态动词开头的疑问句 Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
2.特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和 由疑问词构成的疑问短语。特殊疑问句不能用Yes/No回答。
常用疑 问代词
what什么; who 谁; whom谁 (who 的宾 格); which哪个(些); What are you doing? 你 whose谁的。疑问代 词可以提 在做什么? 问主语、表语或宾语
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