成人英语三级(语法重点串讲)

北京地区成人高等教育大学英语三级考试语法重点串讲

第六节从句

一、定语从句在复合句中起定语作用的从句（每年至少考2题）

(一) 基本介绍

A. 由5个关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的

The company official whom I thought would be fired received a raise.

The investigation , whose results will soon be published, was made by John.

34. Do not trust such men often like to praise you to your face.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. they (C,0404)

B.由3个关系副词when ,where, why引导的

1、The time will come when man can fly to outer space freely.

54、I will never forget the ten years ____ we both spent in the little village.

A. when

B. during which

C. which

D. in which (A,2001)

65. A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they saw many new products.

答：C，改为where。定语从句。(0304)

26. Of those _____ had applied for the jobs, only two were accepted.

A. persons

B. that

C. who

D. which (C, 0304) C. as和but有时可以引导定语从句：

as引导的定语从句多和such或some连用

Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 像你说的这种人现在很少

I have the same problem as you (have).

34. Do not trust such men often like to praise you to your face.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. they (C, 0404)

but 引导的定语从句，实际意义等于who not 或that not

There is no one of us but wishes to go. 我们没有人不愿意去

(二) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(至少各考1道题)

1、限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事物,从句与主句间没有逗号，从句不能去掉,否则剩下的部分意义不完整或表意不清,不能说明问题These who want to go please sign their name here. 谁想去请在这里签名

This is the place where I worked for 10 years.

2、非限定定语从句只对所修饰的词作一步的说明，与主句之间用逗号分开，去掉后所剩部分仍能成立，意义完整。

This note was left by Mary, who was here a moment ago.

I am going to spend the summer holidays in Dalian, where I have some relatives.

另外，两种从句表示的意义差别较大

The wine which/that was in the cellar was all rained. 藏在地窖的酒坏了(部分酒,限) The wine, which was in the cellar, was all rained.

酒藏在地窖里，都坏了(全部酒,非限)

He will wear no clothes that will distinguish him from his fellow colleagues.

他不会穿那种让其他人很容易把他和他同事区分开的衣服He will wear no clothes, which will distinguish him from his fellow colleagues.

他将一丝不挂, 为让其他人容易把他和他同事分开

I have a sister who lives in Taiwan. 我有一个住在台湾的姐姐

I have a sister, who lives in Taiwan. 我有一个姐姐，她住在台湾

* 使用定语从句需要注意的问题：

①which和that都可以指代事物引导定语从句，但如果先行词有限定词all, any, every, (a) few, no, only, some, very或序数词、形容词最高级修饰，其后的关系代词只能用that:

You can take any seat that is free.

It is the first time that I have met Mary.

This is the very film that I want to see. very就是…个

②关系代词前有介词的情况，主要体现在which和whom这两个关系代词

These are the facts on which my argument is based. (base …on把…建立在…基础上) The man to whom we handed the forms out that they had not been properly filled in.

(to hand to sb. 把…交给)

31. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village _____ he belonged.

A. to which

B. which

C. to where

D. at which

答：A。belong to ：属于。因此选to which。(2001) 55. The grass______ many animals live is abundant here.

[ A] by which [ B] with which [ C] on which [D] of which

答：C。live on ：靠…生活。选on which。(0304)

53. The seventeenth century was one which many significant advances were made in both science and philosophy.

答：A。改为in which。在某个世纪用in (0311)

19. This is the dictionary I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words.

A. with which

B. in which

C. on which

D. for which (C, depend on, 0404)

③在②形式上有时介词前还会有形容词最高级、数词、most、all、none等词，

用of which

China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

答：B。改为：two of which。非限定性定语从句，which在从句中指fifty states。(2000)

46. The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _ _ are separated from the others by land or water.

[A] them [B] that [C] which [D] those (C, 0304)

17. The writer has published many books, are well received by the readers.

A. none of whom

B. all of which

C. neither of who

D. one of which (B,0404)