上海高考翻译考点汇编(完整资料).doc

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上海高考英语翻译经典句型考点汇编
一、考点：简单句
具体结构：
1、be accessible to
全市所有的公园都应对市民免费开放。

（accessible)
All the parks in the city are supposed to/should be accessible to citizens/public for free/nothing.
2、be resistant to
这款手表不防水。

（resistant）
This kind of watch is not resistant to water.
3、why not
干嘛不去看场电影放松一下自己？（Why)
Why not /Why don’t you go to the cinema to relax yourself？
4、动名词主语
保持身体健康是硬道理。

（primary）
Maintaining good health/ Maintaining healthy/Keeping in good health/ Keeping healthy is the primary principle.
5、in case of
每月她都会留出一部分钱以备不时之需。

（in case）
She sets aside some money monthly in case of need.
二、考点：定语从句
1、结构：the criticism that
他从来都是毫不犹豫的提出那些他认为对别人有帮助的批评。

（hesitate）
He never hesitates to make the criticism that he considers helpful to others.
2、结构：the conclusion that
综上所述，我们可以得出这样一个结论：家庭越幸福，你就会越长寿。

（conclusion）
From the above/ As has been stated above, we can come to the
conclusion that the happier your family is, the longer you will live.
3、结构：which
1）、据真实故事改编的电影“深海浩劫”（Deepwater
Horizon), 以其逼真的特效，吸引了许多观众。

（which）
Deepwater Horizon, which is based on a true story, has attracted a large audience with its special effects true to life.
2）、消息传来在新西兰发生地震后，中国政府立即租用直升机实施救援，为此国人感到十分自豪。

（Word）
Word came that the Chinese government rented helicopters to rescue victims /carry out rescue operations immediately after the earthquake hit New Zealand, which made Chinese people very proud.
4、结构：where
有时我们发现自己处于这样的窘境：即便觉得自己所做的不对，也要勉强为之。

( where )
Sometimes we find ourselves in embarrassing situations, where we do certain things even if we feel what we are doing is wrong.
5、结构：who、whoever
1）、任何为实现梦想而付诸行动的人都应受到尊重。

（deserve）
Whoever/ Anyone who takes action to realize his dream deserves our respect.
2）、最近上映的这部电影旨在唤起公众对于边防警察的关注，他们冒着生命危险，不惜一切代价捍卫国家尊严。

（concern）
The newly released film is meant to arouse the public’s concern about border policemen who risk their lives to defend the dignity of the country at any cost.
三、考点：状语从句
1、原因状语从句
这篇文章值得下载，它不仅给读者提供了很多该课程的相关信息，而且还有大量的实用网址。

（provide）
This article is worth downloading for it not only provides readers with many information about the course but also a lot of practical websites.
2、让步状语从句
不管学生提出什么问题，这位老师总是耐心回答。

(patience)
Whatever questions the students may ask, the teacher would answer the with patience.
这家饭店虽然地段不佳，但因菜肴丰富，服务优良而深受食客青睐。

(locate)
Although this restaurants is not ideally located. It is quite popular among dinners because of its rich dishes and excellent service.
3、结果状从
1）、大多数孩子很少与父母和老师之外的成年人有密切的接触，他们对大人的生活鲜有概念。

（idea）
Most children have so little close contact with adults except/apart from their parents and teachers that they have little idea (of) what adult life is like.
2）、网购存在风险，因此下单之前的深思熟虑有助于避免不必要的损失。

（exist）
There exist risks in online shopping, so careful consideration before placing an order can help avoid unnecessary losses.
4、方式状语从句
先进的电脑技术正在逐渐改变我们的购物方式。

（way）
Advanced computer science is gradually changing/transforming the way we shop/do shopping.
5、时间状从
这段30分钟的视频上传网上只有两小时，就有成千上万的人观看过。

( after )
Thousands of people viewed the 30-minute video only two hours
after it was posted on the web.
四、考点：名词性从句
1、同位语从句
听到两位宇航员安然无恙返回地球的消息，人们欣喜若狂。

（wild） Hearing（the news that）the astronauts returned to
the earth safe and sound, people were wild with joy.
2、主语从句
1）、人生最重要的不是我们置身何处，而是我们将前往何处。

（matter)
What matters in our life is not where we are, but where we are
going.
2）、随着各种支付方式的出现，许多人越来越担心的是，和现金或信用卡相比，他们的电子钱包是否足够
安全。

（concern)
With various payment methods emerging, what many people are
more and more concerned about is whether their e-wallets are
safe enough, compared with cash or credit card.
3、表语从句
这部电视连续剧受年轻父母欢迎的原因是他们很容易与剧
中的人物产生共鸣。

（identify）
The reason why this TV series is popular among young parents
is that it’s very easy for them to identify with the characters in
the play.
The reason why···is（was） that 是表语从句常考句型，三个区考
4、宾语从句
1）、专家建议推销活动要面向农村地区。

（propose）
Specialists propose that sales drives should be held in rural areas.
2）、就孩子报考哪所大学，很多父母煞费苦心地做仔细
调查，咨询专家。

( pains )
A lot of parents take great pains to do / make / perform / carry
out a careful investigation and consult many specialists / experts
about which university their children should apply to.
思路：语序还原法——把中文语序还原，“很多父母煞费苦心地做仔细调查，咨询专家孩子报考哪所大学”，分析主干
主谓宾！
五、考点：倒装句
1、Only +状语（状语从句）+部分倒装
被称为“发展中国家”不一定是坏事，只有这样我们才能
永远在发展的道路上前进，追求更为高远的目标。

（it）
It is not necessarily a bad thing to be called “developing
country”, since only in this way can we stick to the road of
developing forever for higher goals. 注意：汉译英要译出
隐含的逻辑关系（因果：since）
2、Not only+倒装句+but (also)+陈述句
志愿者活动不仅能使青少年学到如何帮助残疾人，还可以
提高他们与陌生人合作的意识。

（Not only...）
Not only can volunteer activities enable teenagers to learn how to help the disabled, but they can also raise teenagers’ awareness to cooperate with strangers
3、So+倒装结构+that+句子(陈述句）
他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。

(So...)
So badly was he wounded/ hurt that he should be send to hospital immediately.
4、Seldom/little/hardly···when(=no
sooner ···than) 等否定词前置
补充一：no sooner…than 它的意思相当于“刚做完A这件事,就做B这件事”.（两件事情直接可以有一点时间间隔）
例１：He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他一回来就买了一套房子.如果no sooner 位于句首,主句要用倒装结构。

例２：No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
运动会刚开始,天就下起了大雨. 有一点要注意,no sooner…than 一般用来描述做过的事情,它不能用于表示将来的事。

补充二：hardly…when...它的意思是“几乎未来得及做完A这件事,紧接着就开始B这件事.”（两件事情之间几乎没有时间间隔，甚至可以有一点时间交集）
例１：Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我刚
吃完他就进来了
例２：Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit
her.
她还没走出家门,就有一个学生来看望她.
翻译：我做梦也想不到会在这次化学竞赛中获一等奖。

(Little)
Little did I dream of being able to win the first prize in this chemistry contest.
六、考点：Ｉｔ句型
１、It + be +被强调成分+ that/who +其它
该句型是强调句型。

将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部
分置于that之后。

被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语
或状语。

强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。

如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句
子。

这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。

特别注意：
it强调句引导词只有that 和 who。

It强调句中引导词that
可以指代一切：如时间、地点、人物、事件； who只可
以指代人.
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and
an hour hand was made.
It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father. 区别定语从句：
This was the very street where I met her father.
It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。

主要用于强调时间状语，译成汉语“直到...才...”，可以说是 not ... until ...的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
２、It 做形式主语，代替做主语的从句或代替动词不定式
标志：汉语句子头重脚轻，汉语主语是一个句子或做某件事情。

1）、圣诞节来临，购物中心里人潮涌动，这已经不足为奇了。

（It）
It is common/not surprising that shopping centers are crowded with people when Christmas is approaching/drawing
near/coming.
2）、解除病人的痛苦是医生的职责。

（relieve）
It is a/the doctors’ responsibility/duty to relieve patients of their pain.。