化学用语中英文对照
化学用语中英文对照
化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水 fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气 octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油 plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式 valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用 compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属。
化学单词中英对照
Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate 化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bond锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III) chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期period族group(主族:main group)Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的。
化学用语中英文对照(修订)
化学用语中英文对照(修订)化学实验室常用物品英文名称1、常用仪器试管test tube试管架test rack试管夹test tube holder玻璃棒glass rod滴管medicine dropper小滴管dropper烧杯beaker不锈钢杯stainless-steel beaker酒精灯alcohol burner酒精喷灯blast alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量杯measuring cup量筒measuring cylindermeasuring/graduated flask漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatory funnel布氏漏斗Busher funnel赫氏漏斗Hirsch funnel长颈漏斗long-stem funnel无颈漏斗stemless funnel滤纸filter paper华特门滤纸Whatman (filter) paper 广口瓶wide-mouth bottle 烧瓶flask平底烧瓶florence flask碘量瓶iodine flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer flaskconical flask容量瓶volumetric flaskmeasuring flask移液管(one-mark) pipette移液管架pipette rack洗耳球rubber suction bulb刻度移液管graduated pipettes吸液管pipette滴定管burette滴定管夹burette clamp滴定架burette holder滴定台support holder 酸氏滴定管Geiser burette (stopcock) 碱氏滴定管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock石蕊试纸litmus paper石蕊litmuspH值指示剂PH indicatorpH计pH meter广泛ph试纸universal ph indicator paper 三口烧瓶3-neck round bottom flask 蒸馏装置distilling apparatus蒸馏烧瓶distilling flask滴液漏斗dropping adapter加装温度计的瓶塞reducing adapter减压蒸馏头vacuum-distilling adapter 克氏蒸馏头Claisen distilling adapter 球型冷凝管Allihn condenser直型冷凝管West condenser空气冷凝管air condenserLiebig condenser蛇型冷凝管Grahams condenser蒸馏头three-way adapter分馏柱fractionating column接液管105 degree bent adapteradapter曲颈甑retort坩埚crucible (pot)melting pot坩埚钳crucible clampcrucible tong天平balance , scale分析天平analytical balance电子天平electronic balance台秤platform balance游码crossbeams and sliding weights 称量瓶weighing bottle称量纸weighing paper研钵mortar研杵pestle玛瑙研钵agate mortar2、其他常用器皿及仪器洗瓶plastic wash bottle试剂瓶reagent bottles塞子stopper橡胶塞rubber stopper玻璃塞Pennyhead stopper玻璃活塞stopcpck药匙lab spoon镊子forceps升降台lab jack铁架台iron support圆形漏斗架cast-iron ring万能夹extension clamp蝴蝶夹double-buret clamp螺旋夹screw clamp石棉网asbestos-free wire gauze三角架tripod搅拌装置stirring device搅拌棒stirring rod表面皿watch glass蒸发皿evaporating dish瓷蒸发皿porcelain旋转蒸发器rotary evaporator trap 冷凝器condenser玻璃活塞stopcock止水夹flat jaw pinch cock弹簧节流夹pinch clamp橡胶管rubber tubing恒温循环仪Thermostatic circulator 真空泵vacuum pump 真空阀vacuum traps多头抽真空装置vacuum manifold 抽滤瓶filter flask suction flask离心机centrifuge离心管centrifuge tube电炉heater马弗炉furnace烘箱oven微波炉电热套heating mantle电动搅拌器power basic stirrer磁力搅拌器magnetic stirrer转子rotor水浴bath沸石boiling stone 剪刀scissor烤钵cupel石蜡封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specific gravity bottle提勒熔点管Thiele melting point tube 水银温度计(mercury-filled) thermometer 温度计thermometer倒置显微镜Inverted microscope擦镜纸wiper for lens玻璃片glass plate盖玻片cover glass载玻片slide闪点仪flash point tester折光仪refractometer紫外灯ultraviolet illumination狭槽slot秒表stopwatch空气过滤器air filter(laminar flow cabinet) 药柜cupboard衣服挂钩coat hanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消毒剂disinfector空调机air conditioner摇床shaker螺丝钉screw螺丝刀screw driver螺栓,插销bolt锁紧螺母nut, cap nut齿槽,插口socket扳手shifting spanner锤子hammer钉子nail插头plug电极electrode电泳槽gel tank微细胞;小电泳槽minicell复印机duplicatorcopying machine复印纸copy paper复写纸carbon paper关节joint计时器timer闹钟alarm clockU形钉staple 订书机stapler3、有关化学反应的词汇分析analysis分馏fractionation吸热反应endothermic reaction放热反应exothermic reaction热力学thermodynamics动力学kinetics沉淀precipitate, precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment, sedimentation 蒸馏distill, distillation煅烧calcine氧化oxidize, oxygenate碱化alkalinization中和neutralize, neutralization滴定titration氢化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脱水dehydrate发酵fermentation溶解solution燃烧combustion熔解fusion, melting碱性alkalinity同分异物现象isomerism水解hydrolysis电解electrolysis电解质溶液electrolyte电极electrode阳极,正极anode阴极,负极cathode催化catalyse, catalyze催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization, oxidation还原剂reducer分解dissolution, decomposition 合成synthesis可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible仪器设备apparatus产物product1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团官能团 functional group双键 double bond三键 triple bond烃基 hydroxy group琉基 mercapto硫轻基 sulfhydryl group羰基 carbonyl group氨基 amino group亚氨基 imino group硝基 nitro group亚硝基 nitroso group氰基 cyano group羧基 carboxyl group磺基 sulpho group烷基 alkyl group苯基 phenyl group卡基 benzyl group芳基 aryl group烯基 allyl group烷氧基 alkoxyl group酰基 acyl group活性亚甲基 active methylene group2.有机化合物的类型烃 hydrocarbon石蜡 paraffin脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon烷烃 alkane烯烃 alkene炔烃 alkyne共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon螺环化合物 spiro compound桥环化合物 bridged ring compound芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon非苯芳烃nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon 稠环芳烃condensed aromatics卤代烃 halohydrocarbon醇 alcohol酚 phenol醚 ether环氧化合物 epoxide冠醚 crown ether硫醇 thiol硫酚 thiophenol硫醚 sulfide二硫化物 disulfide亚磺酸 sulfinic acid磺酸 sulfonic acid亚砜 sulfoxide砜 sulfone醛 aldehyde酮 ketone半缩醛 hemiacetaI半缩酮 hemiketal缩醛 acetal缩酮 ketal西佛碱 shiff's base肟 oxime腙 hydrozone缩氨脲 semicarbazoneα,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone 醌 quinone 羧酸 carboxylic acid酰卤 acid halide酸酐 acid anhydride酯 ester酰胺 amide內酯 lactone内酰胺 lactam月青 nitrile取代酸 substituted acid羟基酸 hydroxy acid醇酸 alcoholic acid酚酸 phenolic acid酮酸 keto acidB-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound硝基化合物 njtro compound亚胺 imine胺 amine伯胺 primary amine仲胺 secondary amine叔胺 tertiary amine季铵盐 quaternary ammonium salt季铵碱quaternary ammonium hydroxide 重氮盐diazonium salt偶氮化合物 azo compound胍 guanidine氨基酸 amino acid磷 phosphine磷酸酯 phosphate亚磷酸酯 phosphite膦酸酯 phosphonate膦酸 phosphonic acid3.杂环化合物吡咯 pyrrol呋喃 furane噻吩 thiophone吲哚 indole卟吩 porphine咪唑 imidazole噻唑 thioazole吡啶 pyridine喹啉 quinoline异喹啉 isoquinoline吡喃鎓盐 pyrylium salts 黄酮 flavone嘧啶 pirimidine嘌呤 purine4.有机天然产物肽 peptide多肽 polypeptide核酸 nucleic acid核苷 nucleoside核苷酸 nucleotide生物碱 alkaloid碳水化合物 carbohydrate 单糖 monosaccharide醛糖 aldoses酮糖 ketosesD-核糖 riboseD-2-脱氧核糖 deoxyribose 葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose糖脎 osazone糖苷 glucoside低聚糖 oligosaccharide麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose纤维二糖 cellobiose环糊精 cyclodextrin多糖 polysaccharide淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose类脂 lipid萜类化合物 terpenoid甾族化合物 steroid脂肪 fat油 oil脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油三羧酸酯 triglyceride磷脂 phospholipid磷脂酸 phosphalidic acid蜡 wax5.有机化合物的结构理论价键理论 valence-bond theory分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory 共振论resonance theory凯库勒式 Kekule formula路易斯式 Lewis formulaσ键σ bondπ键π bond键能 bond energy键角 bond angle键长 bond Iength成键轨道 bonding orbital反键轨道 antibonding orbital最高已占轨道 HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital最低末占轨道 LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 诱导效应 inductive effect共轭效应 conjugated effectπ,π-共轭π,π- conjugationp,π-共轭p,π- conjugation超共轭作用 hyperconjugation离域能 delocalization energy共振能 resonance energy给电子基团 electron donating group吸电子基团 electron withdrawing group芳性 aromaticity休克尔规律 Huckel's rule两性离子 Zwitterion6.有机化学中的同分异构异构体 isomer构造 constitution构型 configuration构象 conformation构造异构 constitutional isomerism立体异构 stereo isomerism构型异构 configurational isomerism顺反异构 cis-trans isomerism次序规则 sequence ruIe同侧 Zugammen Z异侧 Entgegen E顺式 cis反式 trans对映异构 enantiomerism = 光学异构旋光异构 optical isomerism旋光性 optical activity旋光度 optical rotation比旋光度 specific rotation对称面 plane of symmetry对称中心 center of symmetry对称轴 axis of symmetry手性 chirality手性分子 chiral molecules对映异构体,对映体 enantiomer非对映体 diastereomer外消旋体 raceme左旋体 leveisomer右旋体 dextroisomer内消旋体 mesomer费歇尔投影式 Fischer projection相对构型 relative configuration绝对构型 absolute configurationR -构型 R -configurationS -构型 S -configuration赤式 erythro苏式 threo外消旋化 racemization拆分 resolution光学纯度 Optical Purity对映体过量百分数 enantiomeric excess立体专一性反应stereospecific reaction 立体选择性反应stereoselective reaction不对称合成 asymmetric synthesis构象异构 conformational isomerism构象分析 conformational analysis锯架式perspective formula 纽曼投影式Newman projection formula椅式 chair form船式 boat form直立键 a键 axial bond平伏键 e键 equatorial bond互变异构 tautomerism酮式 keto-form烯醇式 enol-form差向异构化 epimerization变旋现象 mutamerism哈武斯式 Haworth form7.有机反应的名称取代反应 substitution reaction加成反应 addition reaction马尔科夫尼可夫规律 Markovnikov rule共轭加成 conjugate addition消去反应 elemination reaction查依采夫规律 Saytzeff rule霍夫曼规律 Hofmann rule硼氢化反应 hydroboration催化加氢 catalytic hydrogenation聚合反应 polymerization单体 monomer聚合物 polymer硝化反应 nitration卤化反应 halogenation磺化反应 sulfonation烷基化反应 alkylation酰基化反应 acylation酯化反应 esterification酯交换反应 transesterification脱羧反应 decarboxylation氯甲基化反应 chloromethylation傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应 Friedel-Crafts reaction格利雅反应 Grignard reaction格利雅试剂 (格氏试剂) Grignard reagent赖默-梯曼反应 Reimer-Tiemann reaction卤仿反应 haloform reaction水解反应 hydrolysis reaction醇解反应 alcoholysis reaction氨解反应 ammonolysisi reaction皂化 saponification插烯作用 vinylogy缩合 condensation克莱森缩合 Claisen condensation安息香缩合 benzoin condensation羟醛缩合 aldol condensation列弗尔马茨基反应 Reformatsky reaction迈克尔反应 Michael reaction诺文格尔反应 Knoevenagel reaction加布里反应 Gabriel reaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法 acetoacetic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成法 malonic ester synthesis 威廉逊合成法 William Son synthesis 海森堡试验 Hinsberg test重氮化反应 diazotization reaction偶联反应 coupling reaction脱氨基反应 deamination reaction维悌希反应 Wittig reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction周环反应 pericyclic reaction环加成反应 cycloaddition reaction电环化反应 electrocyclic reaction坎尼扎罗反应 Cannizzaro reaction齐齐巴宾反应 Chichibabin reaction狄尔斯-阿德尔反应 Diels-alder reaction斐林试剂 Fehling reagent托伦试剂 Tollens reagent沃克还原 Wolff-Kishner reduction罗森蒙德还原 Rosenmund reduction克莱门森还原 Clemmenson reduction考普重排 Cope rearrangement霍夫曼重排 Hofmann rearrangement嚬哪醇重排 pinacol rearrangement弗里茨重排 Fries rearrangement克莱森重排 Claisen rearrangement二烯体 diene亲二烯体 dienophile分子轨道对称守恒原理 conversation of orbital symmetry 8.有机反应机理均裂 homolytic异裂 heterolytic活性中间体 active intermediate碳正离子 carbocation碳负离子 carbanion烯醇负离子 enolate anion自由基,游离基 free radical卡宾,碳烯 carbene氮烯 nitrene速度决定步骤 rate-determining step哈蒙特假定 Hammond postulate能线图 energy profile过渡状态 transition state邻基参与 neighboring group participation动力学控制 kinetic control热力学控制 thermodynamic control离去基团 leaving group底物 substrate亲电试剂 electrofphile亲核试剂 nucleophile亲电加成反应 electrophilic addition亲电取代反应 electrophilic substitution定位规律 orientation rule亲核取代反应 nucleophilic substitutionSN2 反应机理 SN2 reaction mechanismSN1 反应机理 SN1 reaction mechanism瓦尔登转化 Walden inversion亲核加成反应 nucleophilic addition亲核加成-消去反应 nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction 消去反应机理 elimination reaction mechanismE1 反应机理 E1 reaction mechanismE2 反应机理 E2 reaction mechanism反式消去 anti elimination重排反应机理 rearrangement reaction mechanism自由基反应 free radical reaction链引发 chain initation链增长 chain propagation链终止 chain termination9.有机化合物的光谱红外光谱 IR Infrared spectra傅立叶变换 Fourier Transform指纹区 finger print region吸收频率 absorption frequency紫外光谱 UV Ultraviolet spectra电子跃迁 elctronic transition吸光度 absorbance摩尔消光系数 molar extinction coefficient发色团 chromophore助色团 auxochrome核磁共振 NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance1HNMR 谱 1HNMR spectra13CNMR 谱 13CNMR spectra屏蔽效应 shielding effect化学位移 chemical shift自旋偶合 spin-spin coupling自旋裂分 spin-spin splitting偶合常数 coupling constant质子去偶 proton spin decoupling 质子偏共振去偶 proton off-resonance decoupling质谱 Mass Spectra(MS)电子流轰击 election impact (EI)快原子轰击 fast atom bombarment (FAB)分子离子峰 molecular ion peak同位素峰 isotopic peak基峰 base peak质荷比(m/z) mass-to-charge ratio10.分子间作用力氢键 hydrogen bond色散力 dispersion force 范德华力 Van Der Waals force 偶极-偶极作用力 dipole-dipole interraction force11.物理性质熔点 melting point沸点 boiling point密度 density溶解度 solubility偶极矩 dipole moment12.有机化合物的酸碱性酸性 acidity碱性 basicity本站材料仅为本院教师与学生教学所用,请勿它用!化学用语中英文对照organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸 nitric acid 硝酸 aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油 (美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属有机化学常用基团中英文对照Common control group of Organic Chemistry in Chinese and English 甲基(缩写Me)——methyl乙基(缩写Et)——ethyl丙基(缩写Pr)——propyl丁基(缩写Bu)——butyl戊基——amyl,pentyl己基——hexyl庚基——heptyl辛基——octyl壬基——nonyl癸基——decyl十一烷基——hendecyl十二烷基——dodecyl十六(烷)基/鲸蜡基——cetyl十七(烷)基——heptadecyl十八(烷)基——octodecyl苯基(缩写Ph)——phenyl苯甲基/苄基——phenmethyl苯乙基——phenylethyl三价苯基——phenenyl乙氧苯基——phenelyl,ethoxyphenyl 萘基——naphthyl 菲基——phenanthryl。
普通化学术语中英文对照表
普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms 撰写者史政一 written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子 atom adj.atomic原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质 element化合物 compound纯净物 pure substance/chemical substance混合物 mixture)相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar)相对分子质量 relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr化学式量 relative formula mass物质的量 amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant(abbr. N)A摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula气体摩尔体积 molar volume阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry酸 acid碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction归中反应 comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一,第二,第三等电离能 first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能 electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level电子排布 electron configuration电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键 polar bond非极性共价键 non-polar bond配位键 dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力 orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性 malleability可锻性 ductility导电性 electrical conductivity合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table周期 period族 group原子序数 proton number同位素 isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide同量异位素 isobar金属 metal非金属 nonmetal碱金属 alkali metal碱土金属 alkaline earth metal卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 decomposition reaction化合反应 combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应 displacement reaction复分解反应 salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀 precipitation官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃 alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物 homologous[həˈ-] series异构现象 isomerism['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer取代反应 substitution reaction脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction酯化反应 esterification reaction亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction裂化反应 cracking (reaction)石油分馏 fractional distillation燃烧 combustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH rӨ)燃烧热 heat of combustion标准燃烧焓 standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH cӨ) 标准生成焓 standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH fӨ) 放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式 thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能 activation energy(abbe. E)a比热容 specific heat capacity键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy盖斯定律 Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学 reaction kinetics催化剂 catalyst催化作用 catalysis酶 enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂 concentration power平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程 the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium电离常数 ionisation constant离子积 ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数 hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡 dissolution equilibrium溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势 standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池 secondary cell/storage battery充电 charge放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀 galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘 iodine(abbr. I) ['aiəudi:n]氙 xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨 graphite ['græfait]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸 nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide过氧根 peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸 meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸 hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸 phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate硫化的 sulfide硫氢根 bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸 sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θaiəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-']氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸 chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸 chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate氰根 cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠 sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly-烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃 cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃 cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid) 羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺 amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- andamido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基 amino酰胺基 amido磺酸 sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚 phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙 poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸 deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose乳糖 lactose淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油/丙三醇 glycerol/glycerine/glycerin叔丁醇 tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯 trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitrə'tɔljui:n]萘 naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素 urea/carbamide胡萝卜素 carotene叶绿素 chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸 aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛 paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrin e/norpseudoephedrine舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素 salbutamol伪麻黄碱 pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏 chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因 caffeine维生素A/视黄醇 retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸 vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡 morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明 methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱 cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因 heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计 thermometre [θə'-]托盘天平 counterbalance试管 test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯 beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶 flask蒸馏烧瓶 distillation flask锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗 funnel广口瓶 wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙 combustion spoon蒸发皿 evaporating dish酒精灯 alcohol burner本生灯 Bunsen burner量筒 graduated cylinder['silində]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder 集气瓶 gas bottle滴管 burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶 dropper bottle曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网 asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle注:本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语,读音均以英式发音标注。
化学术语中英文对照
化学术语中英文对照化学术语中英文对照BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro'number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle's law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel's limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电动现象electrokinetic phenomena电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday's law法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans- Pancth's rule反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van't Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van't Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式 van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 可以如下推断:1mol 的CO2的生成焓在数值上等于1mol C 的燃烧热,因此1mol CO的燃烧热等于1mol 的CO2的生成焓与1mol 的CO的生成焓之差。
化学专业词汇(完整资料).doc
【最新整理,下载后即可编辑】普通化学术语中英文对照表原子 atom adj.atomic原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ] 单质 element化合物 compound纯净物 pure substance/chemical subs tance混合物 mixture相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr)化学式量 relative formula mass 物质的量 amount of substance 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA) 摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula 气体摩尔体积 molar volume 阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration 浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry酸 acid碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble b ases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation 水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction 氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction 归中反应comproportionation(symproport ionation)reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.) 第一,第二,第三等电离能 first,second,third,etc. ionisation e nergy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.) 电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E .)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level 电子排布 electron configuration 电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction 巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bo nd巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pair σ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bon d/coordinate bond电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force 色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole f orce金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'z eiʃn]延展性 malleability [,mælɪə'bɪləti]可锻性 ductility [dʌk'tɪlətɪ] 导电性 electrical conductivity 合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table 周期 period族 group 原子序数 proton number同位素 isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide ['njuːklaɪd]同量异位素 isobar['aɪsə(ʊ)bɑː]金属 metal非金属 nonmetal碱金属 alkali metal碱土金属 alkaline earth metal 卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 decomposition reaction化合反应 combination(synthesis) reactio n取代反应 displacement reaction 复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] r eaction/double replacement(displ acement) reaction沉淀 precipitation [prɪ,sɪpɪ'te ɪʃ(ə)n]官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon 饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic[,ælɪ'fætɪk] hydroc arbon脂环烃 alicyclic ['saɪklɪk; ]hrdrocar bon同系物 homologous[hɒ'mɒləgəs ]series异构现象 isomerism ['aisəmərizəm] 同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction 加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer 取代反应 substitution reaction 脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction 酯化反应 esterification reaction 亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction 裂化反应 cracking (reaction) 石油分馏 fractional distillation 燃烧 combustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy 光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism 能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudai ˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH) 标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr . ΔHӨ)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHrӨ)燃烧热 heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of com bustion(abbr. ΔHcӨ)标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of form ation(abbr. ΔHfӨ)放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reactio n 吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea) 比热容 specific heat capacity 键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy 盖斯定律 Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory 反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate 反应动力学 reaction kinetics 催化剂 catalyst催化作用 catalysis 酶 enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium 平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant 浓度幂 concentration power 平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equa tion自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium 电离常数 ionisation constant 离子积 ion-product constant 氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr . pH from French potentiel d'hyd rogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [dɪsə'l uːʃ(ə)n] ekwɪ溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell [gæl'væn ɪk]盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery) 二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery 充电 charge 放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽 electrolytic cell 电镀 galvanisation [,ɡælvənai'zei ʃən]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation [,sedɪmən'te ɪʃən]常见元素氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrəd ʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm] 锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm] 硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn] 碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən] 氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n] 氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæs iəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumj əm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt] 镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə] 锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik] 溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n ]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə] 锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘 iodine(abbr. I)氙 xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm ]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən ]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri ]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd] 石墨 graphite ['græfait]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals) 氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid) adj.borate ['bɔːreɪt]碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic [kɑː'bɒnɪk] (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbon ate氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸 nitrous ['naɪtrəs] (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide [traɪ'ɒksaɪd]过氧根 peroxy (radical) adj. peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid] 氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] ( acid) adj.meta-aluminate [ə'ljuːmɪne ɪt]四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] ( acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate 磷酸 phosphoric (acid) adj.phospha te磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate 硫化的 sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸 sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate 硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate 亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite 亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite 硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θaiəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-'] 氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorat e氯酸 chloric (acid) adj.chlorate 亚氯酸 chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypoc hlorite溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm ]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate 氰根 cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiənei t]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds) 氢化钠sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide 二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chlor ide氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chlori de氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chlo ride四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -an e)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly- 烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene) 环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph)(preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene) 苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn)(preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene) 醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffi x -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,et c.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -on e)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or notincluded in carbon chain preffix f ormyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suf fix-oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid) 乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy) 脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-, suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -ami ne or according to position ofN atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix –amide and -carb oxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) 氨基 amino酰胺基 amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (p reffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic ac id)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -n itrile)酚 phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/ph ph)[finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC )聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(ab br.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic ac id硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DN A)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose磺酸 sulphonic (acid) adj. sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -n itrile) 酚 phenol/carbolic acid 常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/ph ph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC )聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(ab br.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸 amino acid 葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose 半乳糖 galactose 核糖 ribose 脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DN A)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze 玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod 铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp genera tor酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner 坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor 冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle。
(完整版)普通化学术语中英文对照表
(完整版)普通化学术语中英文对照表普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms 撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子atom adj.atomic原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron(abbr. e)离子ion [?a??n]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular [m??lekj?l?]单质element化合物compound纯净物pure substance/chemical substance混合物mixture相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. A r)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. M r)化学式量relative formula mass物质的量amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. N A)摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式empirical formula气体摩尔体积molar volume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’s Law溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volume concentration 浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemical equation反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐salt酸式盐acid salt离子方程式ionic equation结晶水water of crystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidation number氧化还原反应redox reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction歧化反应disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction 氧化剂oxidising agent还原剂reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一,第二,第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道atomic orbital电子云electron cloud电子亚层sub-shell能层layer能级energy level电子排布electron configuration电子云重叠shell overlap洪特规则Hund’s rule泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition手性chirality [kai?-]化学键chemical bond键长bond length键级bond order键角bond angle键能bond enthalpies离子键ionic bond供体donor受体acceptor静电吸引electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构giant ionic structure共价键covalent[k??'ve?l?nt] bond巨型共价结构giant covalent structure共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键polar bond非极性共价键non-polar bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性electronegativity极性polarity偶极子dipole分子间作用力intermolecular forces氢键hydrogen bond范德华力van der Waal’s force色散力dispersion force诱导力induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键metallic bond离域delocalisation [di:,l?uk?lai'zei?n]延展性malleability可锻性ductility导电性electrical conductivity合金alloy元素周期表the Periodic Table周期period族group原子序数proton number同位素isotope[?a?s?t??p]核素nuclide同量异位素isobar金属metal非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal碱土金属alkaline earth metal卤素halogen稀有气体noble gas元素周期律periodic trends活泼active稳定noble分解反应decomposition reaction化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[m??t?θ?sis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀precipitation官能团functional group碳氢化合物/烃hydrocarbon饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物homologous[h??-] series异构现象isomerism ['ais?m?riz?m]同分异构体isomeride [ai's?m?raid]同素异形体allotropy/allotropism分子式molecular formula通式general formula结构式displayed formula结构简式structural formula键线式skeletal formula均裂homolytic fission异裂heterolytic fission亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukli?fail]亲电子试剂electrophile加成反应addition reaction加水加成hydration reaction加成聚合反应addition polymerisation 聚合物polymer单体monomer链节repeat unit缩合聚合反应condensation reaction 缩聚物condensation polymer取代反应substitution reaction脱水dehydration水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction酯化反应esterification reaction亲核取代nucleophilic substitution消去反应elimination reaction裂化反应cracking (reaction)石油分馏fractional distillation燃烧combustion发酵fermentation氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons产率percentage yield原子利用率atom economy红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy质谱分析mass spectroscopy光谱spectrum挥发性volatility冷凝回流reflux反应机理reaction mechanism能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy热力学thermodynamic [θ?:m?udai?-]焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θ?lpi]焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH?)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH r?)燃烧热heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH c?) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH f?) 放热反应exothermic[eks?u?-] reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θ?:m?u?-] equation活化能activation energy(abbe. E a)比热容specific heat capacity键焓bond enthalpy平均键焓average bond enthalpy盖斯定律Hess’ law有效碰撞理论collision theory反应速率rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学reaction kinetics催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis酶enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi?-]可逆反应reversible reaction动态平衡dynamic equilibrium平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂concentration power平衡移动shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[??ri:ni?s] Equation自发反应spontaneous[sp?n?teini?s] reaction熵entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应greenhouse effect吸附作用adsorption绿色化学green chemistry溶解度solubility离子反应ionic reaction电离ionisation电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionisation equilibrium电离常数ionisation constant离子积ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium溶度积solubility product原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥salt bridge电极electrode正极/阳极anode负极/阴极cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0) 干电池dry cell一次电池primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电charge放电discharge燃料电池fuel cell电解electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion分子空间构型molecular geometries杂化hybrid轨道orbital晶格lattice晶体crystal晶胞crystal structure堆积作用sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidr?d??n]氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:li?m]锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθi?m]硼boron(abbr. B) ['b?:r?n]碳carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:b?n]氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitr?d??n]氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['?ksid??n]氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['flu?ri:n]氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:?n]钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['s?udi?m]镁magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,?l??mini?m]硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silik?n]磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['f?sf?r?s]硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['s?lf?]氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['kl?:ri:n]氩argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡ?n]钾potassium(abbr. K) [p??t?si?m]钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [?k?lsi?m]钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teini?m]铬chromium(abbr. Cr) ['kr?umj?m]锰manganese(abbr. Mn) [?m??ɡ?ni:z]铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['a??n]钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [k?u'b?:lt]镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nik?l]铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['k?p?]锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [zi?k]砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:s?nik]溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['br?umi:n]银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silv?]锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘iodine(abbr. I) ['ai?udi:n]氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zen?n]钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['be?ri?m]钨tungsten(abbr. W) [t??st?n]铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['pl?tin?m]金gold(abbr. Au) [ɡ?uld]汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['m?:kjuri]铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['dai?m?nd]石墨graphite ['gr?fait]臭氧ozone ['?uz?un]红磷red phosphorus白磷white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的hydride ['haidraid]硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的azide ['?zaid]硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的oxide ['?ksaid]二氧化的dioxide [dai-']三氧化的trioxide过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [p?'?ksaid]超氧化的superoxide [sjup?'?ksaid]氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'dr?ksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子hydronium氟化的fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met?'?ljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr?ksil-'] (acid) 硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate硫化的sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [θa i?u-']焦硫酸根persulphate [p?:-']氯化的chloride ['kl?raid]氢氯酸/盐酸hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['ai?daid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide铵根ammonium [??m?uni?m]高锰酸根permanganate锰酸根manganate氰根cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根thiocyanate [θai?u?sai?neit]铬酸根chromate重铬酸根dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨ammonia/azane[?-?]硅烷silane [?si-]磷化氢phosphine硫化氢hydrogen sulphide氮化镁magnesium nitride四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧oxygen difluoride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide 6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-烷烃alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec-十二dodec-十三tridec-十四tetradec-十五pentadec-十六hexadec-十七heptadec-十八octadec-十九nonadec-二十eicos-三十triacont-四十tetracont-五十prntacont-正构型normal-(n-)异构型iso-(i-)新构型neo-(n-)聚poly-烷基alkyl甲基methyl(abbr. Me)乙基ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane) 烯烃alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构preffix trans-(E-)苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.) 酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸carboxylic[ka:b?k'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix-di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基amino酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [fin?lf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromopheno blue百里酚蓝thymol blue甲基橙methyl orange龙胆紫gentian violet氯仿chloroform异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠sodium stearate柠檬酸citric acid柠檬酸钠sodium citrate乳酸lactic acid乳酸钠sodium lactate葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸amino acid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose乳糖lactose淀粉starch纤维素cellulose脂肪酸fatty acid甘油/丙三醇glycerol/ glycerine/ glycerin叔丁醇tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitr?'t?ljui:n] 萘naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素urea/carbamide胡萝卜素carotene叶绿素chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrine/ norpseudoephedrine 舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素salbutamol伪麻黄碱pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因caffeine维生素A/视黄醇retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计thermometre [θ?'-]托盘天平counterbalance试管test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶flask蒸馏烧瓶distillation flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗funnel广口瓶wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙combustion spoon蒸发皿evaporating dish酒精灯alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量筒graduated cylinder['silind?]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder集气瓶gas bottle滴管burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶dropper bottle曲颈瓶retort [ri'-]表面皿watch glass石棉网asbestos[?s'best?s] gauze玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台iron stand滴定管burette/buret泥三角pipeclay triangle启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner坩埚钳tong坩埚pot索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor冷凝管cold finger称量瓶weighing bottle注:本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语,读音均以英式发音标注。
化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子?atom??原子核?nucleus?质子?proton?中子?neutron?电子?electron(abbr.?e)?离子?ion?[?a??n]?阳离子?cation?阴离子?anion?分子?molecular?[m??lekj?l?]?单质?element?化合物?compound?纯净物?pure?substance/chemical?subs tance?混合物?mixture?相对原子质量?relative?atomic?mass(abbr.?A r)?相对分子质量?relative?molecular?mass(abbr.?M r)? 化学式量?relative?formula?mass 物质的量?amount?of?substance? 阿伏加德罗常数?Avogadro?constant(abbr.?NA)? 摩尔?mole?摩尔质量?molar?mass?实验式/最简式/经验式?empirical?formula?气体摩尔体积?molar?volume?阿伏加德罗定律?Avogadro’s?Law? 溶液?solution?溶解?dissolve?浓度?concentration?质量/体积分数?mass/volume?concentration? 浓缩?concentrate?稀释?dilute?蒸馏?distillation?萃取?extraction?化学反应方程式?chemical?equation?反应物??reactant?生成物?product?固体?solid?液体?liquid气体?gaseous?溶液?aqueous配平?balance化学计量学?stoichiometry酸?acid??碱?base/alkali?(refers?to?solub le?bases)?盐?salt?酸式盐?acid?salt?离子方程式?ionic?equation?结晶水?water?of?crystallisation?水合的?hydrated?无水的?anhydrous?滴定?titration?指示剂?indicator?氧化数?oxidation?number?氧化还原反应?redox?reaction?氧化反应?oxidation?reaction? 还原反应?reduction?reaction?歧化反应?disproportionation?reaction? 归中反应?comproportionation(symproporti onation)?reaction?氧化剂?oxidising?agent??还原剂?reducing?agent?电子层(壳)?(electron)?shell?电离能?ionisation?energy(abbr.?.)?? 第一,第二,第三等电离能?first,second,third,etc.?ionisa tion?energy(abbr.?1st,2nd,3rd,e tc.?.)??电子亲和能?electron?affinity?energy(abbr.? .)?屏蔽效应?electronic?shielding(screeni ng)?原子轨道?atomic?orbital?电子云?electron?cloud?电子亚层?sub-shell?能层?layer?能级?energy?level?电子排布?electron?configuration?电子云重叠?shell?overlap?洪特规则?Hund’s?rule?泡利原理?Pauli?exclusion?principle? 基态?ground?state?激发态?excited?state跃迁?transition?手性?chirality?[kai?-]?化学键?chemical?bond?键长?bond?length?键级?bond?order??键角?bond?angle?键能?bond?enthalpies??离子键?ionic?bond供体?donor? 受体?acceptor?静电吸引?electrostatic?attraction?巨型离子结构?giant?ionic?structure?共价键?covalent[k??'ve?l?nt]?bond? 巨型共价结构?giant?covalent?structure?共用电子对?shared?pair/bonding?pair?孤对电子?lone?pair/non-bonding?pair? σ键?σ-bond?π键?π-bond?δ键?δ-bond?非极性共价键?non-polar?bond?配位键?dipolar?bond/dative?covalent?bo nd/coordinate?bond?电负性?electronegativity?极性?polarity?偶极子?dipole?分子间作用力?intermolecular?forces??氢键?hydrogen?bond?范德华力?van?der?Waal’s?force? 色散力?dispersion?force?诱导力?induction?force?取向力?orientation?force/dipole-dipole ?force?金属键?metallic?bond??离域?delocalisation?[di:,l?uk?lai 'zei?n]?延展性?malleability??[,m?l??'b?l?ti ]可锻性?ductility?[d?k't?l?t?] 导电性?electrical?conductivity? 合金?alloy?元素周期表?the?Periodic?Table?? 周期?period??族?group??原子序数?proton?number?同位素?isotope[?a?s?t??p]?核素?nuclide??['nju?kla?d]同量异位素?isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?]? 金属?metal?非金属?nonmetal?碱金属?alkali?metal?碱土金属?alkaline?earth?metal? 卤素?halogen?稀有气体?noble?gas?元素周期律?periodic?trends?活泼?active?稳定?noble?分解反应?decomposition?reaction?化合反应?combination(synthesis)?react ion?取代反应?displacement?reaction? 复分解反应?salt?metathesis[m??t?θ?sis]?re action/double?replacement(displ acement)?reaction?沉淀?precipitation?[pr?,s?p?'te?? (?)n]官能团?functional?group?碳氢化合物/烃?hydrocarbon?饱和烃?saturated?hydrocarbon? 不饱和烃?unsaturated?hydrocarbon?脂肪烃?aliphatic[,?l?'f?t?k]?hydroc arbon脂环烃?alicyclic?['sa?kl?k; ]hrdroc arbon?同系物?homologous[h?'m?l?g?s]series ?异构现象?isomerism?['ais?m?riz?m]?? 同分异构体?isomeride?[ai's?m?raid]?同素异形体?allotropy/allotropism?分子式?molecular?formula?通式?general?formula?结构式?displayed?formula?结构简式?structural?formula?键线式?skeletal?formula?均裂?homolytic?fission?异裂?heterolytic?fission?亲核试剂?nucleophile?['njukli?fail]? 亲电子试剂?electrophile?加成反应?addition?reaction?加水加成?hydration?reaction?加成聚合反应?addition?polymerisation?聚合物?polymer?单体?monomer?链节?repeat?unit?缩合聚合反应?condensation?reaction缩聚物?condensation?polymer?取代反应?substitution?reaction? 脱水?dehydration?水解?hydrolysis?卤代反应?halogenation?reaction? 酯化反应?esterification?reaction?亲核取代?nucleophilic?substitution?? 消去反应?elimination?reaction? 裂化反应?cracking?(reaction)? 石油分馏?fractional?distillation?燃烧?combustion发酵?fermentation?氟氯烃?chlorofluorocarbons?产率?percentage?yield?原子利用率?atom?economy?红外光谱学?infrared?spectroscopy?质谱分析?mass?spectroscopy? 光谱?spectrum?挥发性?volatility?冷凝回流?reflux?反应机理?reaction?mechanism?能量守恒定律?law?of?conservation?of?energ y?热力学?thermodynamic?[θ?:m?udai?-] ?焓?enthalpy(abbr.?H)?[en'θ?lpi ]?焓变?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔH)? 标准焓?standard?enthalpy?change(abb r.?ΔH?)?标准反应焓?standard?enthalpy?change(abbr.?ΔHr?)?燃烧热?heat?of?combustion?标准燃烧焓?standard?enthalpy?change?of?com bustion(abbr.?ΔHc?)?标准生成焓?standard?enthalpy?change?of?for mation(abbr.?ΔHf?)?放热反应?exothermic[eks?u?-]?reaction?吸热反应?endothermic?reaction? 热化学方程式?thermoche mical[θ?:m?u?-]?eq uation?活化能?activation?energy(abbe.?Ea)? 比热容?specific?heat?capacity????键焓?bond?enthalpy?平均键焓?average?bond?enthalpy? 盖斯定律?Hess’?law??有效碰撞理论?collision?theory? 反应速率?rate?of?reaction/reaction?ra te 反应动力学?reaction?kinetics? 催化剂?catalyst?催化作用?catalysis?酶?enzyme['enzaim]?波尔兹曼分布律?the?Boltzmann?distribution? 化学平衡?(chemical)?equilibrium[i:kwi ?-]可逆反应?reversible?reaction? 动态平衡?dynamic?equilibrium? 平衡常数?chemical?equilibrium?constan t?浓度幂?concentration?power??平衡移动?shift?of?equilibrium?state? 吉布斯自由能?Gibbs?free?energy(abbr.?ΔG)?阿累尼乌斯方程?the?Arrhenius[??ri:ni?s]?Equation?自发反应?spontaneous[sp?n?teini?s]?re action?熵?entropy(abbr.?ΔS)?温室效应?greenhouse?effect?吸附作用?adsorption?绿色化学?green?chemistry?溶解度?solubility?离子反应?ionic?reaction?电离?ionisation?电解质?electrolyte?电离平衡?ionisation?equilibrium?电离常数?ionisation?constant? 离子积?ion-product?constant?氢离子浓度指数?hydrogen?ion?concentration(abb r.?pH?from?French?potentiel?d'h ydrogène)?溶解平衡?dissolution?equilibrium?[d?s?'l u??(?)n] ekw?溶度积?solubility?product?原电池?galvanic(voltaic)?cell??[g?l 'v?n?k]盐桥?salt?bridge?电极?electrode?正极/阳极?anode?负极/阴极?cathode?标准电极电势?standard?electrode?potential(ab br.?E0)?干电池?dry?cell?一次电池?primary?cell(battery)? 二次电池/蓄电池?secondary?cell/storage?battery? 充电?charge?放电?discharge?燃料电池?fuel?cell?电解?electrolysis??电解池/电解槽?electrolytic?cell?电镀?galvanisation?[,ɡ?lv?nai'zei??n]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀?galvanic?corrosion?分子空间构型?molecular?geometries?杂化?hybrid?轨道?orbital??晶格?lattice?晶体?crystal?晶胞?crystal?structure?堆积作用?sedimentation?[,sed?m?n'te?? ?n]常见元素?氢?hydrogen(abbr.?H)?['haidr?d? ?n]?氦?helium(abbr.?He)?['hi:li?m]? 锂?lithium(abbr.?Li)?['liθi?m] ?硼?boron(abbr.?B)?['b?:r?n]?? 碳?carbon(abbr.?C)?['kɑ:b?n]? 氮?nitrogen(abbr.?N)?['naitr?d??n]?氧?oxygen(abbr.?O)?['?ksid??n]? 氟?fluorine(abbr.?F)?['flu?ri:n ]?氖?neon(abbr.?Ne)?['ni:?n]? 钠?sodium(abbr.?Na)?['s?udi?m]? 镁?magnesium(abbr.?Mg)??铝?aluminum(abbr.?Al)?[,?l??min i?m]?硅?silicon(abbr.?Si)?['silik?n] ?磷?phosphorus(abbr.?P)?['f?sf?r ?s]?硫?sulfur(abbr.?S)?['s?lf?]? 氯?chlorine(abbr.?Cl)?['kl?:ri: n]?氩?argon(abbr.?Ar)?['ɑ:ɡ?n]? 钾?potassium(abbr.?K)?[p??t?si? m]?钙?calcium(abbr.?Ca)?[?k?lsi?m] ?钛?titanium(abbr.?Ti)?[tai'teini?m]?铬?chromium(abbr.?Cr)?['kr?umj? m]?锰?manganese(abbr.?Mn)?[?m??ɡ?ni:z]?铁?iron(abbr.?Fe)?['a??n]?钴?cobalt(abbr.?Co)?[k?u'b?:lt] ?镍?nickel(abbr.?Ni)?['nik?l] 铜?copper(abbr.?Cu)?['k?p?]? 锌?zinc(abbr.?Zn)?[zi?k]?砷?arsenic(abbr.?As)?['ɑ:s?nik]?溴?bromine(abbr.?Br)?['br?umi:n ]?银?silver(abbr.?Ag)?['silv?]? 锡?tin(abbr.?Sn)?[tin]?碘?iodine(abbr.?I)?氙?xenon?['zen?n]?钡?barium(abbr.?Ba)?['be?ri?m] ?钨?tungsten(abbr.?W)?[t??st?n]? 铂?platinum(abbr.?Pt)?['pl?tin? m]?金?gold(abbr.?Au)?[ɡ?uld]?汞?mercury(abbr.?Hg)?['m?:kjuri ]?铅?lead(abbr.?Pb)?[led]?常见单质?氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称?金刚石?diamond??['dai?m?nd]?石墨?graphite?['gr?fait]?臭氧?ozone?['?uz?un]?红磷?red?phosphorus?白磷?white?phosphorus?常见根离子(common?radicals)? 氢化的?hydride?['haidraid]?硼酸?boric?(acid)???['b??re?t] 碳化的?carbide?['ka:baid]碳酸?carbonic??[kɑ?'b?n?k] (acid)?adj.carbonate?碳酸氢根?bicarbonate/hydrogen?carbona te?氮化的?nitride?['naitraid]?叠氮化的?azide?['?zaid]?硝酸?nitric?(acid)??亚硝酸?nitrous??['na?tr?s] (acid)??氧化的?oxide?['?ksaid]?二氧化的?dioxide?[dai-']?三氧化的?trioxide??[tra?'?ksa?d]过氧根?peroxy?(radical)?adj. peroxide?[p?'?ksaid]?超氧化的?superoxide?[sjup?'?ksaid]?氢氧根?hydroxyl[hai'dr?ksil]?(radic al)?adj.hydroxide?水合氢离子?hydronium?氟化的?fluoride?偏铝酸? meta-aluminic[met?'?ljuminik]?( acid)?adj.meta-aluminate?[?'lju?m?ne?t] 四羟基合铝酸?hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr?ksil-' ]?(acid)??硅酸?silicic['silisik]?(acid)?? 磷酸?phosphoric?(acid)??磷酸二氢根?dihydrogen?phosphate??磷酸氢根?hydrogen?phosphate?? 硫化的?sulfide?硫氢根?bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen? sulphide??硫酸?sulphuric?(acid)??硫酸氢根?bisulphate/hydrogen?sulphate ?亚硫酸?sulphurous?(acid)??亚硫酸氢根?bisulphite/hydrogen?sulphite?硫代硫酸根?thiosulphate?[θai?u-']?焦硫酸根?persulphate?[p?:-']? 氯化的?chloride?['kl?raid]?氢氯酸/盐酸?hydrochloric?(acid)?高氯酸?perchloric?(acid)??氯酸?chloric?(acid)??亚氯酸?chlorous?(acid)??次氯酸?hypochlorous?(acid)??溴化的?bromide?氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯?碘化的?iodide?['ai?daid]?氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯?卤化的?halide? 铵根?ammonium?[??m?uni?m]?高锰酸根?permanganate?锰酸根?manganate?氰根?cyanide?['sainaid]?硫氰根?thiocyanate?[θai?u?sai?neit ]铬酸根?chromate?重铬酸根?dichromate?常见无机化合物(common?inorganic?compounds)? 氢化钠?sodium?hydride?氨?ammonia/azane[?-?]?硅烷?silane?[?si-]?磷化氢?phosphine?硫化氢?hydrogen?sulphide?氮化镁?magnesium?nitride?四氧化三铁?iron(II,III)?oxide? 二氟化氧?oxygen?difluoride?氯化氢?hydrogen?chloride?氯化亚铁?iron(II)?chloride/ferrous?ch loride?氯化铁?iron(III)?chloride/ferric?ch loride?氯化亚锡?tin(II)?chloride/stannous?ch loride四羟基合铝酸钠?sodium?aluminate?磷酸二氢钠?monosodium?phosphate?磷酸氢二钠?disodium?phosphate? 氯化铵?ammonium?chloride?硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠?sodium?hydrosulphide??系统命名法(chemical?nomenclature)?一?mono-?二?di-?三?tri-?四?tetra-?五?penta-?六?hexa-?七?hepta-?八?octa-?九?nona-? 十?deca-?烷烃?alkane?(preffix?alkyl-,suffi x?-ane)?甲?meth-?乙?eth-?丙?prop-?丁?but-?戊?pent-?己?hex-?庚?hept-?辛?oct-?壬?non-?癸?dec-?十一?undec-?十二?dodec-十三?tridec-?十四?tetradec-?十五?pentadec-?十六?hexadec-?十七?heptadec-?十八?octadec-?十九?nonadec-?二十?eicos-?三十?triacont-?四十?tetracont-?五十?prntacont-?正构型?normal-(n-)?异构型?iso-(i-)?新构型?neo-(n-)?聚?poly-?烷基?alkyl?甲基?methyl(abbr.?Me)?乙基?ethyl(abbr.?Et)?丙基?propyl(abbr.?Pr)?环烷烃?cycloalkane?(preffix?-cyclo,?s uffix?-ane)?烯烃?alkene?(preffix?alkenyl-,suf fix?-ene)?二烯烃?allene?(suffix?-adiene)? 环烯烃?cycloalkene?(preffix?cyclo-,?su ffix?-ene)?炔烃?alkyne?(preffix?alkynyl-,suf fix?-yne)?顺式异构?preffix?cis-(Z-)?反式异构?preffix?trans-(E-)?苯基?phenyl(abbr.?Ph)?(preffix?phenyl-,suffix?-benze ne)?苄基?benzyl(abbr.?Bn)?(preffix?benzyl-,suffix?-tolue ne)?醇?alcohol?(preffix?hydroxy-,su ffix?-ol)?带卤素的化合物?halogens? (preffix?fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)?酮?ketone?(preffix?oxo-,suffix? -one)?醛?aldehyde?(preffix?oxo-,suffi x?-al?or?not?included?in?carbon?chain?preffix?formyl-,suffix?-carbaldehyde) ?羧酸?carboxylic[ka:b?k'silik]?(ac id)?adj.carboxylate?(suffix?-oic?acid) ?羧基?carboxyl?(preffix?carboxyl-, suffix?-oic?acid?or?multiple?groups? suffix?-di,tri,tetracarbonyl?ac id)?乙酸根?carboxyl?radical(abbr.?Ac) ?醚?ether?(suffix?-ane?and?-oxy) ?脂?ester?(preffix?R-oxycarbonyl -,suffix?-oic?acid/-oate)?胺和酰胺?amine(preffix?amino-,suffix?-a mine?or?according?to?position?o f N?atom?with?pre/suffix?-N-)? and?amide(preffix?carbamoyl-?an d?amido-,suffix?–amide?and??-c arboxamide?or?according?to?posi tion?of?N?atom?with?pre/suffix? -N-)?氨基?amino?酰胺基?amido磺酸sulphonic?(acid)??(preffix?sulp ho-,suffix?-sulphonic?acid) 腈?nitrile?(preffix?cyano-,suff ix?-nitrile)?酚?phenol/carbolic?acid?常见有机化合物(common?organic?compounds)?酚酞?phenolphthalein(abbr.?Hln/ph ph)?[fin?lf'θeili:n]石蕊?litmus?溴酚蓝?bromopheno?blue?百里酚蓝?thymol?blue?甲基橙?methyl?orange?龙胆紫?gentian?violet?氯仿?chloroform?异戊二烯?isoprene?月桂烯?myrcene?[mair'si:n]?聚乙烯?polythene?聚氯乙烯?poly(chloroethene)(abbr.?PVC )?聚丙烯?polypropylene?聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙?poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon? ?晴纶?orlon?二甲醚?methoxymethane?苯酚?phenol?乙酸乙酯?methyl?propanoate?甲酸/蚁酸?methanoic?acid/formic?acid? 乙酸/醋酸?ethanoic?acid/acetic?acid? 乙二酸/草酸?oxalic?acid??丙酸/初油酸?propanoic?acid/propionic?aci d?丁酸/酪酸?butanoic?acid/butyric?acid? 软脂酸/棕榈酸?hexadecanoic?acid/palmitic?a cid?硬脂酸?octadecanoic?acid/stearic?ac id??硬脂酸钠?sodium?stearate?柠檬酸?citric?acid?柠檬酸钠?sodium?citrate?乳酸?lactic?acid?乳酸钠?sodium?lactate?葡萄糖酸?gluconic?acid??氨基酸?amino?acid?葡萄糖?glucose?果糖?fructose?半乳糖?galactose?核糖?ribose?脱氧核糖?desoxyribose?核糖核酸?rebonucleic?acid(abbr.?RNA)? 脱氧核糖核酸? deoxyribonucleic?acid(abbr.?DNA )?麦芽糖?maltose?蔗糖?sucrose磺酸?sulphonic?(acid)?adj. sulphonate?(preffix?sulpho-,suf fix?-sulphonic?acid)?腈?nitrile?(preffix?cyano-,suff ix?-nitrile)?酚?phenol/carbolic?acid?常见有机化合物(common?organic?compounds)?酚酞?phenolphthalein(abbr.?Hln/ph ph)?[fin?lf'θeili:n]?石蕊?litmus?溴酚蓝?bromopheno?blue? 百里酚蓝?thymol?blue?甲基橙?methyl?orange?龙胆紫?gentian?violet?氯仿?chloroform?异戊二烯?isoprene?月桂烯?myrcene?[mair'si:n]?聚乙烯?polythene?聚氯乙烯?poly(chloroethene)(abbr.?PVC )?聚丙烯?polypropylene?聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙?poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon? ?晴纶?orlon?二甲醚?methoxymethane?苯酚?phenol?乙酸乙酯?methyl?propanoate?甲酸/蚁酸?methanoic?acid/formic?acid? 乙酸/醋酸?ethanoic?acid/acetic?acid?乙二酸/草酸?oxalic?acid??丙酸/初油酸?propanoic?acid/propionic?aci d?丁酸/酪酸?butanoic?acid/butyric?acid? 软脂酸/棕榈酸?hexadecanoic?acid/palmitic?acid ?硬脂酸?octadecanoic?acid/stearic?ac id??硬脂酸钠?sodium?stearate?柠檬酸?citric?acid?柠檬酸钠?sodium?citrate?乳酸?lactic?acid?乳酸钠?sodium?lactate?葡萄糖酸?gluconic?acid??氨基酸?amino?acid?葡萄糖?glucose?果糖?fructose?半乳糖?galactose? 核糖?ribose? 脱氧核糖?desoxyribose?核糖核酸?rebonucleic?acid(abbr.?RNA)? 脱氧核糖核酸? deoxyribonucleic?acid(abbr.?DNA )?麦芽糖?maltose?蔗糖?sucrose曲颈瓶?retort?[ri'-]?表面皿?watch?glass?石棉网?asbestos[?s'best?s]?gauze? 玻璃棒?glass?rod/stirring?rod/stir? rod?铁架台?iron?stand?滴定管?burette/buret?泥三角?pipeclay?triangle?启普发生器?Kipp's?apparatus/Kipp?genera tor?酒精喷灯?alcohol?blast?burner?坩埚钳?tong?坩埚?pot?索氏提取器?Soxhlet?extractor? 冷凝管?cold?finger?称量瓶?weighing?bottle?。
化学常用中英文对照
AMMA:Acrylonitrile/methyl Methacrylate:丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物AA:丙烯酸AAS:丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物ABFN:偶氮(二)甲酰胺ABN:偶氮(二)异丁腈ABA:Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate:丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABS:Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene:丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物AES:Acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene:丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物ARP:Aromatic polyester:聚芳香酯Arsenic(砷)AS:Acrylonitrile-styrene resin:丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂ASA:Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate:丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物ABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate 丙烯腈/丁二烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物BAA:正丁醛苯胺缩合物BAD:双水杨酸双酚A酯BCD:β-环糊精BE:丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料BFRM:硼纤维增强塑料BLE:丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物BMA:甲基丙烯酸丁酯BN:氮化硼BNE:新型环氧树脂BNS:β-萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物BOPP:双轴向聚丙烯BPMC:2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯BPTP:聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯BR:丁二烯橡胶BROC:二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚BS:丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物BT:聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料BTX:苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物CA:Cellulose acetate:醋酸纤维塑料CAB:Cellulose acetate butyrate:醋酸-丁酸纤维素塑料CAN:醋酸-硝酸纤维素CAP:Cellulose acetate propionate:醋酸-丙酸纤维素CBA:化学发泡剂CDP:磷酸甲酚二苯酯CE:"Cellulose plastics, general":通用纤维素塑料CF:Cresol-formaldehyde:甲酚-甲醛树脂CFE:氯氟乙烯CFM:碳纤维密封填料CFRP:碳纤维增强塑料CLF:含氯纤维CMC:Carboxymethyl cellulose:羧甲基纤维素CMCNa:羧甲基纤维素钠CMD:代尼尔纤维CMS:羧甲基淀粉CN:Cellulose nitrate:硝酸纤维素CP:Cellulose propionate:丙酸纤维素CPE:Chlorinated polyethylene:氯化聚乙烯CPVC:Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride):氯化聚氯乙烯CS:Casein:酪蛋白CTA:Cellulose triacetate:三醋酸纤维素EC Ethyl cellulose 乙烷纤维素E/EA:乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid 乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EP "Epoxy, epoxide" 环氧树脂ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene 乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EAA:乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物EBM:挤出吹塑模塑E/V AC:乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物ECB:乙烯共聚物和沥青的共混物ECD:环氧氯丙烷橡胶ECTEE:聚(乙烯-三氟氯乙烯)ED-3:环氧酯EC:Ethyl cellulose:乙烷纤维素EEA:Ethylene/ethyl acrylate:乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物EMA:Ethylene/methacrylic acid:乙烯/甲基丙烯酸共聚物EPD:Ethylene-propylene-diene:乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物EPM:Ethylene-propylene polymer:乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPS:Expanded polystyrene:发泡聚苯乙烯ETFE:Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene:乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物EV A:Ethylene/vinyl acetate:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EV AL:Ethylene-vinyl alcohol:乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物EO:环氧乙烷EOT:聚乙烯硫醚EP:环氧树脂EPI:环氧氯丙烷EPM:乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPOR:三元乙丙橡胶EPR:乙丙橡胶EPS:可发性聚苯乙烯EPSAN:乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物EPT:乙烯丙烯三元共聚物EPVC:乳液法聚氯乙烯EU:聚醚型聚氨酯EV A:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVE:乙烯基乙基醚EXP:醋酸乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸酯三元共聚乳液F/V AL:乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物F-23:四氟乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚物F-30:三氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物F-40:四氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物FEP Perfluoro(ethylene-propylene) 全氟(乙烯-丙烯)塑料FNG:耐水硅胶FPM:氟橡胶FRA:纤维增强丙烯酸酯FRC:阻燃粘胶纤维FRP:纤维增强塑料FRPA-101:玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酸癸胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙1010树脂) FRPA-610:玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酰乙二胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙610树脂) FF Furan formaldehyde 呋喃甲醛GF:玻璃纤维GFRP:玻璃纤维增强塑料GFRTP:玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料促进剂GOF:石英光纤GPS:通用聚苯乙烯GR-1:异丁橡胶GR-N:丁腈橡胶GR-S:丁苯橡胶GRTP:玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料GUV:紫外光固化硅橡胶涂料GY:厌氧胶HDPE High-density polyethylene plastics 高密度聚乙烯塑料HIPS High impact polystyrene 高冲聚苯乙烯HLA:天然聚合物透明质胶HLD:树脂性氯丁胶HM:高甲氧基果胶HMC:高强度模塑料HOPP:均聚聚丙烯HPC:羟丙基纤维素HPMC:羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMCP:羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯HTPS:高冲击聚苯乙烯IEN:互贯网络弹性体IPS Impact-resistant polystyre ne 耐冲击聚苯乙烯IHPN:互贯网络均聚物IIR:异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶IR:异戊二烯橡胶IVE:异丁基乙烯基醚JSF:聚乙烯醇缩醛胶KSG:空分硅胶LCP Liquid crystal polymer 液晶聚合物LDN:氯丁胶粘剂LDPE Low-density polyethylene plastics 低密度聚乙烯塑料LDR:氯丁橡胶LHPC:低替代度羟丙基纤维素LIPN:乳胶互贯网络聚合物LJ:接体型氯丁橡胶LLDPE Linear low-density polyethylene 线性低密聚乙烯LM:低甲氧基果胶LMDPE Linear medium-density polyethylene 线性中密聚乙烯LMWPE:低分子量聚乙稀LSR:羧基氯丁乳胶MBS:Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene:甲基丙烯酸-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MC:Methyl cellulose:甲基纤维素MDPE:Medium-density polyethylene:中密聚乙烯MF:Melamine-formaldehyde resin:密胺-甲醛树脂MPF:Melamine/phenol-formaldehyde:密胺/酚醛树脂PA:Polyamide (nylon):聚酰胺(尼龙)PAA:Poly(acrylic acid):聚丙烯酸PADC:Poly(allyl diglycol carbonate):碳酸-二乙二醇酯? 烯丙醇酯树脂PAE:Polyarylether:聚芳醚PAEK:Polyaryletherketone:聚芳醚酮PAI:Polyamide-imide:聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAK:Polyester alkyd:聚酯树脂PAN:Polyacrylonitrile:聚丙烯腈PARA:Polyaryl amide:聚芳酰胺PASU:Polyarylsulfone:聚芳砜PA T:Polyarylate:聚芳酯PAUR:Poly(ester urethane):聚酯型聚氨酯PB:Polybutene-1:聚丁烯-[1]PBA:Poly(butyl acrylate):聚丙烯酸丁酯PBAN:Polybutadiene-acrylonitrile:聚丁二烯-丙烯腈PBS:Polybutadiene-styrene:聚丁二烯-苯乙烯PBT:Poly(butylene terephthalate):聚对苯二酸丁二酯PC:Polycarbonate:聚碳酸酯PCTFE:Polychlorotrifluoroethylene:聚氯三氟乙烯PDAP:Poly(diallyl phthalate):聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PE:Polyethylene:聚乙烯PEBA:Polyether block amide:聚醚嵌段酰胺PEBA:Thermoplastic elastomer polyether:聚酯热塑弹性体PEEK:Polyetheretherketone:聚醚醚酮PEI:Poly(etherimide):聚醚酰亚胺PEK:Polyether ketone:聚醚酮PEO:Poly(ethylene oxide):聚环氧乙烷PES:Poly(ether sulfone):聚醚砜PET:Poly(ethylene terephthalate):聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯PETG Poly(ethylene terephthalate) glycol 二醇类改性PET PEUR:Poly(ether urethane):聚醚型聚氨酯PF:Phenol-formaldehyde resin:酚醛树脂PFA:Perfluoro(alkoxy alkane):全氟烷氧基树脂PFF:Phenol-furfural resin:酚呋喃树脂PI:Polyimide:聚酰亚胺PIB:Polyisobutylene:聚异丁烯PISU:Polyimidesulfone:聚酰亚胺砜PMCA:Poly(methyl-alpha-chloroacrylate):聚α-氯代丙烯酸甲酯PMMA:Poly(methyl methacrylate):聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯PMP:Poly(4-methylpentene-1):聚4-甲基戊烯-1PMS:Poly(alpha-methylstyrene):聚α-甲基苯乙烯POM:"Polyoxymethylene, polyacetal":聚甲醛PP:Polypropylene:聚丙烯PPA:Polyphthalamide:聚邻苯二甲酰胺PPE:Poly(phenylene ether):聚苯醚PPO:Poly(phenylene oxide) deprecated:聚苯醚PPOX:Poly(propylene oxide):聚环氧(丙)烷PPS:Poly(phenylene sulfide):聚苯硫醚PPSU:Poly(phenylene sulfone):聚苯砜PS:Polystyrene:聚苯乙烯PSU:Polysulfone:聚砜PTFE:Polytetrafluoroethylene:聚四氟乙烯PUR:Polyurethane:聚氨酯PV AC:Poly(vinyl acetate):聚醋酸乙烯PV AL:Poly(vinyl alcohol):聚乙烯醇PVB:Poly(vinyl butyral):聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVC:Poly(vinyl chloride):聚氯乙烯PVCA:Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate):聚氯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯PVCC:chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(*CPVC):氯化聚氯乙烯PVI:poly(vinyl isobutyl ether):聚(乙烯基异丁基醚)PVM:poly(vinyl chloride vinyl methyl ether):聚(氯乙烯-甲基乙烯基醚)RAM restricted area molding 窄面模塑RF:resorcinol-formaldehyde resin:甲苯二酚-甲醛树脂RIM:reaction injection molding:反应注射模塑RP:reinforced plastics:增强塑料RTP:reinforced thermoplastics:增强热塑性塑料S/AN:styrene-acryonitrile copolymer:苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SBS:styrene-butadiene block copolymer:苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物SI:silicone:聚硅氧烷SMC:sheet molding compound:片状模塑料S/MS:styrene-α-methylstyrene copolymer:苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物TMC:thick molding compound:厚片模塑料TPE:thermoplastic elastomer:热塑性弹性体TPS:toughened polystyrene:韧性聚苯乙烯TPU:thermoplastic urethanes:热塑性聚氨酯TPX:ploymethylpentene:聚-4-甲基-1戊烯VG/E:vinylchloride-ethylene copolymer:聚乙烯-乙烯共聚物VC/E/MA:vinylchloride-ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer:聚乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/E/VCA:vinylchloride-ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer:氯乙烯-乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物PVDC:Poly(vinylidene chloride):聚(偏二氯乙烯)PVDF:Poly(vinylidene fluoride):聚(偏二氟乙烯)PVF:Poly(vinyl fluoride):聚氟乙烯PVFM:Poly(vinyl formal):聚乙烯醇缩甲醛PVK:Polyvinylcarbazole:聚乙烯咔唑PVP:Polyvinylpyrrolidone:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮S/MA:Styrene-maleic anhydride plastic:苯乙烯-马来酐塑料SAN:Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic:苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料SB:Styrene-butadiene plastic:苯乙烯-丁二烯塑料Si:Silicone plastics:有机硅塑料SMS:Styrene/alpha-methylstyrene plastic:苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯塑料SP:Saturated polyester plastic:饱和聚酯塑料SRP:Styrene-rubber plastics:聚苯乙烯橡胶改性塑料TEEE:"Thermoplastic Elastomer,Ether-Ester":醚酯型热塑弹性体TEO:"Thermoplastic Elastomer, Olefinic":聚烯烃热塑弹性体TES:"Thermoplastic Elastomer, Styrenic":苯乙烯热塑性弹性体TPEL:Thermoplastic elastomer:热塑(性)弹性体TPES:Thermoplastic polyester:热塑性聚酯TPUR:Thermoplastic polyurethane:热塑性聚氨酯TSUR:Thermoset polyurethane:热固聚氨酯UF:Urea-formaldehyde resin:脲甲醛树脂UHMWPE:Ultra-high molecular weight PE:超高分子量聚乙烯UP:Unsaturated polyester:不饱和聚酯VCE:Vinyl chloride-ethylene resin:氯乙烯/乙烯树脂VCEV:Vinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl:氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯共聚物VCMA:Vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate:氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCMMA:Vinyl chloride-methylmethacrylate:氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VCOA:Vinyl chloride-octyl acrylate resin:氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯树脂VCV AC:Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin:氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯树脂VCVDC:Vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride:氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯共聚物。
化学英语词汇
●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨a m m o n i a氨基酸a m i n o a c i d铵盐a m m o n i u m s a l t饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯b e n z e n e变性d e n a t u r a t i o n不饱和烃u n s a t u r a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n超导材料s u p e r c o n d u c t i v e m a t e r i a l臭氧o z o n e醇a l c o h o l次氯酸钾p o t a s s i u m h y p o c h l o r i t e醋酸钠s o d i u m a c e t a t e蛋白质p r o t e i n氮族元素n i t r o g e n g r o u p e l e m e n t碘化钾p o t a s s i u m i o d i d e碘化钠s o d i u m i o d i d e电化学腐蚀e l e c t r o c h e m i c a l c o r r o s i o n 电解质e l e c t r o l y t e电离平衡i o n i z a t i o n e q u i l i b r i u m电子云e l e c t r o n c l o u d 淀粉s t a r c h淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮n i t r o g e n d i o x i d e二氧化硅s i l i c o n d i o x i d e二氧化硫s u l p h u r d i o x i d e二氧化锰m a n g a n e s e d i o x i d e 芳香烃a r e n e放热反应e x o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o n非极性分子n o n-p o l a r m o l e c u l e 非极性键n o n-p o l a r b o n d 肥皂s o a p分馏f r a c t i o n a l d i s t i l l a t i o n 酚p h e n o l 复合材料c o m p o s i t e干电池d r y c e l l干馏d r y d i s t i l l a t i o n 甘油g l y c e r o l高分子化合物p o l y m e r共价键c o v a l e n t b o n d官能团f u n c t i o n a l g r o u p 光化学烟雾p h o t o c h e m i c a l f o g 过氧化氢h y d r o g e n p e r o x i d e 合成材料s y n t h e t i c m a t e r i a l合成纤维s y n t h e t i c f i b e r合成橡胶s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r核电荷数n u c l e a r c h a r g e n u m b e r 核素n u c l i d e化学电源c h e m i c a l p o w e r s o u r c e化学反应速率c h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n r a t e 化学键c h e m i c a l b o n d化学平衡c h e m i c a l e q u i l i b r i u m还原剂r e d u c i n g a g e n t磺化反应s u l f o n a t i o n r e a c t i o n霍尔槽H u l l C e l l 极性分子p o l a r m o l e c u l e极性键p o l a r b o n d加成反应a d d i t i o n r e a c t i o n加聚反应a d d i t i o n p o l y m e r i z a t i o n甲烷m e t h a n e 碱金属a l k a l i m e t a l碱石灰s o d a l i m e结构式s t r u c t u r a l f o r m u l a 聚合反应p o1y m e r i z a t i o n可逆反应r e v e r s i b l e r e a c t i o n 空气污染指数a i r p o l l u t i o n i n d e x 勒夏特列原理L e C h a t e l i e r's p r i n c i p l e 离子反应i o n i c r e a c t i o n离子方程式i o n i c e q u a t i o n离子键i o n i c b o n d锂电池l i t h i u m c e l l两性氢氧化物a m p h o t e r i c h y d r o x i d e 两性氧化物a m p h o t e r i c o x i d e 裂化c r a c k i n g裂解p y r o l y s i s硫氰化钾p o t a s s i u m t h i o c y a n a t e 硫酸钠s o d i u m s u l p h i d e 氯化铵a m m o n i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化钡b a r i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化钾p o t a s s i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化铝a l u m i n i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化镁m a g n e s i u m c h l o r i d e 氯化氢h y d r o g e n c h l o r i d e 氯化铁i r o n(I I I)c h l o r i d e 氯水c h l o r i n e w a t e r麦芽糖m a l t o s e 煤c o a l酶e n z y m e摩尔m o l e摩尔质量m o l a r m a s s品红m a g e n t a或f u c h s i n e 葡萄糖g l u c o s e气体摩尔体积m o l a r v o l u m e o f g a s 铅蓄电池l e a d s t o r a g e b a t t e r y 强电解质s t r o n g e l e c t r o l y t e 氢氟酸h y d r o g e n c h l o r i d e 氢氧化铝a l u m i n i u m h y d r o x i d e 取代反应s u b s t i t u t i o n r e a c t i o n 醛a l d e h y d e炔烃a l k y n e 燃料电池f u e l c e l l弱电解质w e a k e l e c t r o l y t e 石油P e t r o l e u m水解反应h y d r o l y s i s r e a c t i o n四氯化碳c a r b o n t e t r a c h l o r i d e 塑料p l a s t i c塑料的降解p l a s t i c d e g r a d a t i o n塑料的老化p l a s t i c a g e i n g酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨a c i d r a i n羧酸c a r b o x y l i c a c i d碳酸钠s o d i u m c a r b o n a t e 碳酸氢铵a m m o n i u m b i c a r b o n a t e 碳酸氢钠s o d i u m b i c a r b o n a t e 糖类c a r b o h y d r a t e烃h y d r o c a r b o n 烃的衍生物d e r i v a t i v e o f h y d r o c a r b o n 烃基h y d r o c a r b o n y l 同分异构体i s o m e r同素异形体a l l o t r o p e 同位素i s o t o p e同系物h o m o1o g涂料c o a t i n g烷烃a l k a n e 物质的量a m o u n t o f s u b s t a n c e 物质的量浓度a m o u n t-o f-s u b s t a n c e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f B 烯烃a l k e n e 洗涤剂d e t e r g e n t纤维素c e l l u l o s e 相对分子质量r e l a t i v e m o l e c u l a r m a s s 相对原子质量r e l a t i v e a t o m i c m a s s 消去反应e l i m i n a t i o n r e a c t i o n 硝化反应n i t r a t l o n r e a c t i o n 硝酸钡b a r i u m n i t r a t e硝酸银s i l v e r n i t r a t e溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠s o d i u m b r o m i d e溴水b r o m i n e w a t e r 溴水b r o m i n e w a t e r 盐类的水解h y d r o l y s i s o f s a l t s 盐析s a l t i n g-o u t 焰色反应f l a m e t e s t 氧化剂o x i d i z i n g a g e n t 氧化铝a l u m i n i u m o x i d e氧化铁i r o n(I I I)o x i d e 乙醇e t h a n o l 乙醛e t h a n a1乙炔e t h y n e 乙酸e t h a n o i c a c i d乙酸乙酯e t h y l a c e t a t e乙烯e t h y l e n e 银镜反应s i l v e r m i r r o r r e a c t i o n 硬脂酸s t e a r i c a c i d 油脂o i l s a n d f a t s 有机化合物o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d 元素周期表p e r i o d i c t a b l e o f e l e m e n t s 元素周期律p e r i o d i c l a w o f e l e m e n t s 原电池p r i m a r y b a t t e r y 原子序数a t o m i c n u m b e r 皂化反应s a p o n i f i c a t i o n 粘合剂a d h e s i v e 蔗糖s u c r o s e 指示剂I n d i c a t o r酯e s t e r酯化反应e s t e r i f i c a t i o n 周期p e r i o d 族g r o u p(主族:m a i n g r o u p)B u n s e n b u r n e r本生灯p r o d u c t化学反应产物f l a s k烧瓶a p p a r a t u s设备P H i n d i c a t o r P H值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂m a t r a s s卵形瓶l i t m u s石蕊l i t m u s p a p e r石蕊试纸g r a d u a t e,g r a d u a t e d f l a s k量筒,量杯r e a g e n t试剂t e s t t u b e试管b u r e t t e滴定管r e t o r t曲颈甑s t i l l蒸馏釜c u p e l烤钵c r u c i b l e p o t,m e l t i n g p o t坩埚p i p e t t e吸液管f i l t e r滤管s t i r r i n g r o d搅拌棒e l e m e n t元素b o d y物体c o m p o u n d化合物a t o m原子g r a m a t o m克原子a t o m i c w e i g h t原子量a t o m i c n u mb e r原子数a t o m i c m a s s原子质量m o l e c u l e分子e l e c t r o l y t e电解质i o n离子a n i o n阴离子c a t i o n阳离子e l e c t r o n电子i s o t o p e同位素i s o m e r同分异物现象p o l y m e r聚合物s y m b o l复合r a d i c a l基s t r u c t u r a l f o r m u l a分子式v a l e n c e,v a l e n c y价m o n o v a l e n t单价b i v a l e n t二价h a l o g e n成盐元素b o n d原子的聚合m i x t u r e混合c o m b i n a t i o n合成作用c o m p o u n d合成物a l l o y合金o r g a n i c c h e m i s t r y有机化学i n o r g a n i c c h e m i s t r y无机化学d e r i v a t i v e衍生物s e r i e s系列a c i d酸h y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d盐酸s u l p h u r i c a c i d硫酸n i t r i c a c i d硝酸a q u a f o r t i s王水f a t t y a c i d脂肪酸o rg a n i c a c i d有机酸h y d r o s u l p h u ri c a c i d氢硫酸h y d r o g e n s u l f i d e氢化硫a l k a l i碱,强碱a m m o n i a氨b a s e碱h y d r a t e水合物h y d r o x i d e氢氧化物,羟化物h y d r a c i d氢酸h y d r o c a r b o n碳氢化合物,羟a n h y d r i d e酐a l k a l o i d生物碱a l d e h y d e醛o x i d e氧化物p h o s p h a t e磷酸盐a c e t a t e醋酸盐m e t h a n e甲烷,沼气b u t a n e丁烷s a l t盐p o t a s s i u m c a r b o n a t e碳酸钾s o d a苏打s o d i u m c a r b o n a t e碳酸钠c a u s t i c p o t a s h苛性钾c a u s t i c s od a苛性钠e s t e r酯g e l凝胶体a n a l y s i s分解f r a c t i o n a t i o n分馏e n d o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o n吸热反应e x o t h e r m i c r e a c t i o n放热反应p r e c i p i t a t i o n沉淀t o p r e c i p i t a t e沉淀t o d i s t i l,t o d i s t i l l蒸馏d i s t i l l a t i o n蒸馏t o c a l c i n e煅烧t o o x i d i z e氧化a l k a l i n i z a t i o n碱化t o o x y g e n a t e,t o o x i d i z e脱氧,氧化t o n e u t r a l i z e中和t o h y d r o g e n a t e氢化t o h y d r a t e水合,水化t o d e h y d r a t e脱水f e r m e n t a t i o n发酵s o l u t i o n溶解c o m b u s t i o n燃烧f u s i o n,m e l t i n g熔解a l k a l i n i t y碱性i s o m e r i s m,i s o m e r y同分异物现象h y d r o l y s i s水解e l e c t r o l y s i s电解e l e c t r o d e电极a n o d e阳极,正极c a t h od e阴极,负极c a t a l y s t催化剂c a t a l y s i s催化作用o x id i z a t i o n,o x i d a t i o n氧化re d u c e r还原剂d i s s o l u t i o n分解s y n t h e s i s合成r e v e r s i b l e可逆的Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝 Einsteinium(Es) 锿 Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆 Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗 Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞 Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨 Promethium(Pm) 钷 Protactinium(Pa) 镤 Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝 Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学用语中英文对照
Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬。
化工术语中英文对照
化工术语中英文对照在化工领域中,有许多术语用来描述不同的化学过程、化学物质和实验设备。
这些术语通常使用中文和英文两种语言来表达,因此熟悉化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的化工术语,并提供它们的中英文对照。
1. 化学过程术语1.1 氧化(Oxidation)•中文:氧化•英文:Oxidation1.2 还原(Reduction)•中文:还原•英文:Reduction1.3 反应(Reaction)•中文:反应•英文:Reaction1.4 反应速率(Reaction Rate)•中文:反应速率•英文:Reaction Rate1.5 氧化反应(Oxidation Reaction)•中文:氧化反应•英文:Oxidation Reaction1.6 还原反应(Reduction Reaction)•中文:还原反应•英文:Reduction Reaction1.7 酸碱中和反应(Neutralization Reaction)•中文:酸碱中和反应•英文:Neutralization Reaction 2. 化学物质术语2.1 水(Water)•中文:水•英文:Water2.2 盐(Salt)•中文:盐•英文:Salt2.3 酸(Acid)•中文:酸•英文:Acid 2.4 碱(Alkali)•中文:碱•英文:Alkali 2.5 溶液(Solution)•中文:溶液•英文:Solution2.6 离子(Ion)•中文:离子•英文:Ion2.7 分子(Molecule)•中文:分子•英文:Molecule 2.8 化合物(Compound)•中文:化合物•英文:Compound3. 实验设备术语3.1 烧杯(Beaker)•中文:烧杯•英文:Beaker3.2 镊子(Tweezers)•中文:镊子•英文:Tweezers3.3 温度计(Thermometer)•中文:温度计•英文:Thermometer 3.4 试管(Test Tube)•中文:试管•英文:Test Tube3.5 漏斗(Funnel)•中文:漏斗•英文:Funnel3.6 量筒(Graduated Cylinder)•中文:量筒•英文:Graduated Cylinder 3.7 手套(Gloves)•中文:手套•英文:Gloves3.8 磁力搅拌器(Magnetic Stirrer)•中文:磁力搅拌器•英文:Magnetic Stirrer结论掌握化工术语的中英文对照对于理解化工过程、交流和学习非常重要。
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照
有机化学中常见名词中英文对照英中对照abietic acid (松香酸)acetal(缩醛)acid anhydride(酸酐)A.Couper(古柏尔)acridine(吖啶)acronycine (山油柑碱)acidylating reaction(酰化反应)acyl group(酰基)acyl halide (酰卤)adenine(腺嘌呤)adrenal cortex hormone (肾上腺皮质激素) A.Kekule(开库勒)alanine(丙氨酸)alcoholysis(醇解)aldehyde(醛)alicyclic hydrocarbon(脂环烃)alizarin(茜草素)alizarin-type(茜素型)alkane(烷烃)alkene(烯烃)alkylation(傅-克烷基化反应)alkyne(炔烃)aloeemodin (芦荟大黄素)amines(胺类)amide(酰胺)amidino(脒基)amino acid(氨基酸)β-aminobutyric acid(β-氨基丁酸)ammonolysis(氨解)andiron formula(锯架式)andrographolide (穿心莲内酯)anisodine (樟柳碱)annulene(轮烯)anomer(异头物)anomeric effect(异头效应)anthocyanidin (花色素)anthraquinone (蒽醌)anthrol (蒽酚)anthrone (蒽酮)anthracene(蒽)antiaromaticity or antiaromatic compound(反芳香性化合物)apigenin (芹菜素)apple polyphenols (苹果多酚) aromatic compound(芳香性化合物)aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)aromaticity(芳香性)aromatization(芳构化)arecoline (槟榔碱)arginine(精氨酸)aspartic acid(天冬氨酸)asymmetric carbon atom (手性碳原子) atomic orbital(原子轨道)A.Wurtz reaction(武兹反应)axial bond(直立键,a键)azulene)Baeyer(拜耳)baicalein (黄芩素)baicalin (黄芩苷)barbital(巴比妥)barbituric acid(巴比妥酸) base complementary(碱基配对) benzoimidazole(苯并咪唑)benzothiazole(苯并噻唑)benzene(苯)berberine (小檗碱)Berzelius(伯察留史)beta-pleated sheet( -折叠)bi-anthracene nucleus (双蒽核) biological methylate(生物甲基化)biuret reaction(缩二脲反应)σbond (σ键)πbond (π键)borneol (龙脑)Braun reaction (布朗反应)bridged hydrocarbon(桥环烃)bytrepob(布特力洛夫)camphor(樟脑)cardiac glycosides(强心苷) camptothecine (喜树碱)carotene (胡萝卜素)carthamin (红花苷)carbene(卡宾;碳烯)carbohydrate(碳水化合物)carbonyl (羰基)carboxyl(羧基)carboxylic acid(羧酸)cassiamine (山扁豆双醌)catechin (儿茶素)cellobiose(纤维二糖)cellulose(纤维素)cephalin(脑磷脂)chain carbon constitution(链状碳架)chain initiation step(链引发阶段)chain propagation step(链增长阶段)chain termination step(链终止阶段)chalcone (查尔酮)charge-transfer complex(电荷转移络合物)chemical bond(化学键)chemocholic acid(鹅去氧胆酸)chirality(手性)chitin(甲壳质)chitosamine(壳糖胺)chlorophyll(叶绿素)cholalic acid (胆甾酸)cholestane (胆甾烷)cholesterol (胆甾醇)chromatography(色谱法)chrysophanol 9-anthrone (9-蒽酮大黄酚)chrysarobin (柯桠素)cinchonine(金鸡宁)cis-trans isomer(顺反异构体)cistrans isomerism(顺反异构)citral(柠檬醛)Claisen rearrangement(克莱森重排)Claisen-Schmidt reaction(克莱森-斯密特反应)cocaine (古柯碱)codonopsine (党参碱)concerted reaction(协同反应)condensed nuclei hydrocarbon(稠环烃)conformation(构象)conformational isomerism(构象异构)coniine (毒芹碱)conjugated diene(共轭二烯烃)conjugation system (共轭体系)conjugative effect(共轭效应)conservation of orbital symmetry(分子轨道对称性守恒理论)constitutional isomerism (构造异构)coprostane (粪甾烷)cortisone (可的松)crown ether(冠醚)cumulative diene(聚集二烯烃)curcumenol (莪术醇)cyanidin (矢车菊素)cyclic carbon constitution(环状碳架)cycloaddition recation(环加成反应)cycloalkane (脂环烃)cyclodextrin(环糊精)cysteine(半胱氨酸)daidzein (大豆黄素)Darzens reaction(达尔森反应) decarboxylation(脱羧反应) delocaization(离域)delocalization energy(离域能) delocalized electron(离域电子)delocalized energy(离域能)delphinidin(飞燕草素)denature(变性)deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸) derivative of carboxylic acid (羧酸衍生物) diastereoisomer(非对映体)diazotization reaction(重氮化反应)diazonium salt(重氮盐)diborane(乙硼烷)dichlorocarbene(二氯卡宾)β-dichroine (β-常山碱)Diels—Alder reaction(狄尔斯—阿尔德反应)diene(双烯体,二烯烃)dienophile(亲双烯体)dihydrochalcone (二氢查尔酮) β—dihydrotheelin (β—雌二醇)distillation(蒸馏法)diterpenoids (二萜类)effective atomic number(有效原子序数)E.J.Cory—H.House reaction(科瑞—郝思反应)electric field scan(电场扫描)18-electron rule(18电子规则)electromeric effect(电性效应)electrophilic addition(亲电加成反应)electrophilic substitution(亲电取代)electrophile(亲电性试剂)elimination reaction(消除反应)Emde degradation (埃姆德降解)1-emetine(1-吐根碱)emodin-type (大黄素型)enantiomerism(对映异构)enantiomer(对映体)end-group effect(端基效应)entgegen(E,相反之意)energy of activation(活化能)enzyme(酶)ephedrine (麻黄碱)epicatechin (表儿茶素)epicatechin gallate(表儿茶素没食子酸酯) epigallocatechin (表没食子儿茶素)epigallocatechin gallate (表没食子儿茶素,没食子酸酯) epimer(差向异构体)epoxidation(环氧化反应)equatorial bond(平伏键,e键)ergometrine(麦角新碱)ergostenol (麦角甾醇)essential amino acid(必需氨基酸)essential fatty acid(必需脂肪酸)ester(酯)esterification(酯化反应)extraction(萃取法)farnesol (金合欢醇)fatty acid(脂肪酸)Fischer projection formula(费歇尔投影式)flavanol (黄烷醇)flavanone (二氢黄酮)flavanonol (二氢黄酮醇)flavonoid (黄酮)flavonol (黄酮醇)formalin(福尔马林)free radical (自由基)free radical chain reaction (自由基链反应)Freon (氟利昂)Friedel-Crafts reaction (傅瑞德尔-克拉夫兹反应)reagent ( 试剂 )frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)fructose (果糖)fucose (海藻糖)furan (呋喃)fused ring carbon constitution (稠环碳架)F.Wohler (武勒)Gabreil reaction (盖布瑞尔合成法)galactose (半乳糖) ..Frohde ..Frohdegallocatechin (没食子儿茶素)gallocatechin gallate (没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯) Gattermann-Koch reaction(盖特曼-科希反应)geometricalisomer(几何异构体)germacrone (杜鹃酮)glucose(葡萄糖)glutamic acid(谷氨酸)glutamine(谷酰胺)glycerol(甘油)glycocholic acid (甘氨胆酸)glycogen(糖原)glycoside(糖苷)glycyrrhizic acid (甘草酸)glycyrrhetinicacid (甘草次酸)Gmelin(哥美林)green tea polyphenols(绿茶多酚)Grignard Reaction(格氏反应)Grignard Reagent(格林那试剂,格氏试剂)G.Schiemann reaction(希曼反应)guaiazulene (愈创木奥)guanidine(胍)guanidino (胍基)guanine(鸟嘌呤)guanyl (脒基)haloform(卤仿)halogenation(卤代反应)halogenation reaction(卤化反应)Haworth(哈沃斯)heat of hydrogenation(氢化热)heat of reaction(反应热)hemiacetal(半缩醛)hesperetin (橙皮素)Hinsberg reaction(兴斯堡反应)histidine(组氨酸)H.Kolbe(科尔贝)Hoffmann degradation(霍夫曼降解反应)Hoffmann elimination(霍夫曼消除)Hoffmann exhaustive methylation(霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应)HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecnlar Orbital,最高被占用分子轨道) homolog(同系物)homologous series(同系列)hormone (激素)Hückel rule(休克尔规则)hybrid orbital(杂化轨道)hydroboration(硼氢化反应)hydrocortisone (氢化可的松) hydrogen bond(氢键)hydrolysis(水解)hyoscyamine (莨菪碱) hyperconjugation effect(超共轭效应)imidazole(咪唑)inclusion compound(包含物)indole(吲哚)inductive effect(诱导效应)infrared spectroscopy(红外光谱)insulin(胰岛素)invert sugar(转化糖)iodine number(碘值)tectoridin (鸢尾苷)isoelectric point(PI,等电点)isoflavanone (二氢异黄酮)isoflavone (异黄酮)isolated diene(隔离二烯烃)isoleucine(异亮氨酸)isoliquiritigenin (异甘草素)isomer(同分异构体)isoquinoline(异喹啉)isorhamnetin (异鼠李素) isorhynchophylline (异钩藤碱)isothiazole(异噻唑)isoxazole(异噁唑)Jones reagent(琼斯试剂)ketal(缩酮)ketone(酮)K.fries rearrangement(傅瑞斯重排)K.Fukui (福井谦一)Knoevenagel reaction(克脑文盖尔反应)Kolbe-Schmidt reaction(柯尔柏-施密特反应)Kutchcrov reaction(库切洛夫反应)lactose(乳糖)lecithin(卵磷脂)leptosidin (莱普西汀)leucine(亮氨酸)leucocyanidin (无色矢车菊素)limonene (苧烯)Lindlar(林德拉)liquiritin (甘草苷)lithium methide(甲基锂)lobeline (山梗菜碱)Lucas reagent(卢卡斯试剂)LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital)最低空余分子轨道lupinine (羽扇豆碱)lycopene (番茄红素)lycopodine (石松碱)lysine(赖氨酸)maackiain (高丽槐素)Macquis reagent (Macquis试剂)macrophylline (大叶千里光碱)magnesium acetate reaction (醋酸镁反应)magnetic field scan(磁场扫描)malonyl urea(丙二酰脲)maltose(麦芽糖)Mannich reaction(满尼希反应)mannose(甘露糖)mass spectroscopy(质谱)matrine (苦参碱)M. Besthelot(佰赛儒)Mclafferty(麦可拉费蒂重排)(-)-melacacidin [(-)黑金合欢素]menthol(薄荷醇)(±)-menthol [(±)-薄荷醇] menthone (薄荷酮)mesomer (内消旋体)methionine(蛋氨酸)methylporgestin (甲孕酮)provera(甲孕酮)methyltestosterone (甲基睾丸素) molecular orbital(分子轨道)molecular orbital theory(分子轨道理论)monoanthracene nucleus (单蒽核) monocrotaline (一野百合碱)monomer(单体)monoterpenoids (单萜) monosaccharide(单糖)morphine (吗啡)mutarotation(变旋光现象)naphthalene(萘)narcotine (那可汀)natrium amalgam reaction (钠汞齐反应) (±)-neomenthol [(±)-新薄荷醇] nerol (橙花醇)Newman projection(纽曼投影式)Newman projection formula(纽曼投影式)Nicol prism(尼科尔棱镜)nicotine (烟碱)ninhydrin(茚三酮)nitration(硝化反应)nitro compound(硝基化合物)nonaromatic compound(非芳香性化合物)nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon(非苯芳烃)nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(核磁共振谱)nucleic acid(核酸)nucleophilic addition(亲核加成反应)nucleophilic reagent(亲核试剂)nucleoside(核苷)nucleotide(核苷酸)ocimene (罗勒烯)oligosaccharide(寡糖)frontier orbital (前线轨道理论)Oppenaner oxidizing reaction(欧芬脑尔氧化)optical isomer (旋光异构体)optical rotation instrument(旋光仪)organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)organometallics (金属有机化合物)orientation rule (定位规则)oxanthranol (氧化蒽酚)oxazole (噁唑)oxidation number (氧化值)oxidation state (氧化态)盐) oxonium salt oxymatrine (氧化苦参碱)palmatine (巴马汀)papaverine (罂粟碱)paraffin (烷烃)pelargonidin(天竺葵素)peptide (肽)peptide bond (肽键)peptide linkage(肽键)pericyclic reaction (周环反应)Perkin reaction (柏金反应)permeation (透析法)peroxide (过氧化物)peroxide effect (过氧化物效应)phellamurin (黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷)phenanthrene (菲)phenylalanine (苯丙氨酸)phosphorus ylide(膦叶立德)phylloxanthin (叶黄素)physostigmine (毒扁豆碱)pinacol(频哪醇)pinene (蒎烯)piperine (胡椒碱)plane polarized light (平面偏振光) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(多环芳烃)polymer(聚合物)polynuclear aromatic compound(稠环芳烃)polypeptide(多肽)polyreaction(聚合反应)polysaccharide(多糖)polytetrafluroethyleney(泰氟隆)unsaturated fatty acid(不饱和脂肪酸) precipitation(沉淀法)primary structure(一级结构)proanthocyanidin (原花色素) progesterone (黄体酮)protein(蛋白质)pseudoephedrine (伪麻黄碱)pteridine(蝶啶)purine(嘌呤)pyran(吡喃)pyrazine(吡嗪)pyrazole(吡唑)pyridazine(哒嗪)pyridine(吡啶)pyrimidine(嘧啶)pyrrole(吡咯)quaternary structure(四级结构)quercetin (槲皮素)quinine (奎宁)quinoline(喹啉)quinones(醌)racemic mixture(外消旋体)racemization(外消旋化)rancidity(酸败)Raney Ni(兰尼镍)reaction mechanism(反应历程)Reimer-Tiemann reaction(瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应)reserpine (利血平)residue(残基)resonance energy(共振能)resonance hybrid(共振杂化体)resonance theory(共振论)resonating structure(共振结构式)resveratrol (白藜芦醇)R.B.Woodward(伍德沃德)rhein (大黄酸)R.Hoffmann (霍夫曼)rhynchophylline (钩藤碱)ribonucleic acid(核糖核酸)ribose(核糖)rotation (旋光度)rutin (芦丁)saccharide(糖类)Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction(桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应)Sandmeyer reaction(桑得迈尔反应)saponification(皂化)saponification number(皂化值)Sarrett reagent(沙瑞特试剂)Sawhares projection(萨哈斯投影式)sawhorse projection formula(锯架式)Schiff’s base(西佛碱)secondary structure(二级结构)securinine (一叶萩碱)sennoside A、B、C、D (番泻苷A、B、C、D) serine(丝氨酸)sesquiterpenoids (倍半萜)sigmatropic reaction(σ键迁移反应)silane(硅烷)single bond(单键)sinoacutine (清风藤碱)β—sitosterol (β—谷甾醇)skyrin (天精,醌茜素)S N(Nucleophilic substitution)(亲核取代)S N1(单分子亲核取代反应)S N2 (双分子亲核取代反sodium borohydride reaction (四氢硼钠反应) sparteine (金雀花碱)specific rotation (比旋光度)sphingomyelin(鞘磷脂)spiro hydrocarbon(螺环烃)squalene (鲨烯)stachydrine (水苏碱)starch(淀粉)stereochemistry (立体化学)stereoisomer(立体异构)stereocpecificity (立体专一性)steroidal compound (甾体化合物)Stevens rearrangement(史蒂文斯重排)stigmastane (豆甾烷)strychnine (士的宁)sucrose(蔗糖)sulfonation(磺化反应)systematic nomenclature(系统命名法)taurocholic acid (牛磺胆酸)tautomer(互变异构体)tautomerism(互变异构现象)taxifolin (黄杉素)tea polyphenols(茶多酚)Teflon (泰氟隆)terpenoid (萜类化合物)tertiary structure(三级结构)testosterone (睾丸素)tetrahydropalmatine (延胡索乙素, 四氢巴马汀) tetramethyl silane(四甲基硅烷)tetraterpenoid(四萜类)thiazole(噻唑)thiophene(噻吩)threonine(苏氨酸)torsional energy(扭转能)torsional strain(扭转张力)transition sate(过渡态)triglyceride(甘油三酯)trimethyl aluminium(三甲基铝)triptolide (雷公藤甲素)triterpenoid(三萜类)tryptophan(色氨酸)tylophorinine (娃儿藤定碱)tyrosine(酪氨酸)uridine(尿嘧啶)urea(脲)urotropine(乌洛托品)valence bond method(价键学说)valine(缬氨酸)visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy(可见-紫外光谱)vitamin A(维生素A)vitamin B12(维生素B12)Wilkinson (威尔克森)Williamson synthesis(威廉森合成法)Wittig reaction(维蒂希反应)zingiberene (姜烯)Zusammen(Z,德文,在一起之意)中英对照1 A1A 反应历程(1A1Areaction mechanism )吖啶(acridine)埃姆德降解(Emde degradation)安息香缩合反应(benzoic condensation reaction)氨基酸(amino acid)β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid)氨解(ammonolysis)胺(amines)azulene)2 BAC 反应历程(2BACreaction mechanism )巴比妥(barbital)巴马汀(palmatine)白藜芦醇(resveratrol)拜耳(Baeyer)佰赛儒(M. Besthelot)半缩醛(semiacetal )半胱氨酸(cysteine)半乳糖(galactose)包含物(inclusion compound)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine)苯(benzene)苯甲酸(benzoic acid)苯二甲酸(benzene dicarboxylic acid)苯并咪唑(benzimidazole)苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)倍半萜(sesquiterpenoid)比旋光度(specific rotation)必需氨基酸(essential amino acid)变性(denature)变旋光现象(mutarotation)表儿茶素(epicatechin)表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate)表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate) 表面活性剂(surface active agent )槟榔碱(arecoline)丙氨酸(alanine)丙氨酸乙硫酯(ethyl alanine sulfide)丙二酰脲 (malonyl urea)伯察留史(Berzelius)柏金(Perkin)反应薄荷醇(menthol)(±)—薄荷醇((±)—menthol)薄荷酮(menthone)布特力洛夫(Bytrepob)布朗反应(Braun reaction)残基(residue)草酸(oxalic acid)超共轭效应(hyperconjugation effect)差向异构体(epimer)查尔酮(chalcone)茶多酚(tea polyphenols)β-常山碱(β-dichroine)沉淀法(precipitation)橙皮素(hesperetin)橙花醇(nerol)稠环芳烃(polynuclear aromatic compound)稠环碳架(fused ring carbon constitution)醇钠(sodium alcohols)醇解(alcoholysis)穿心莲内酯(andrographolide)磁场扫描(magnetic field scan)β—雌二醇(β—dihydrotheelin)醋酸镁反应(magnesium acetate reaction )萃取法(extraction)DDQ(2,3-二氯-5,6-氰基-1,4-苯醌)大黄素型(emodin-type)大黄酸(rhein)大豆黄素(daidzein)大叶千里光碱(macrophylline)达尔森(Darzen)反应哒嗪(pyridazine)单键(single bond)单体(monomer)单蒽核(monoanthracene nucleus)单萜(monoterpenoids)单糖(monosaccharide)单线态(singlet)蛋氨酸(methionine)蛋白质(protein)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)胆甾酸(cholalic acid)胆甾烷(cholestane)胆甾醇(cholesterol)党参碱(codonopsine)等电点(isoelectric point ,PI)迪克曼反应(Dieckmann reaction )狄尔斯-阿尔德(Diels-Alher)电场扫描(electric field scan)电性效应(electromeric effect)电荷转移络合物(charge-transfer complex)碘仿试验(iodoform test)碘值( iodine number )淀粉(starch)敌敌畏(dichlorovos)蝶啶(pteridine)丁烯二酸(butene dioic acid)定位规则(orientationg rule)动力学概念(dynamical concept)豆甾烷(stigmastane)毒芹碱(coniine)毒扁豆碱(physostigmine)杜鹃酮 (germacrone)端基效应(end-group effect)对映异构(enantiomerism)对映体(enantiomers)对氨基苯磺酰胺(sulfanilamide)多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon)多糖(polysaccharide)多肽(polypeptide)多磷酸酯(polyphosphate ester)E(entgegen,德文,相反之意)EAN规则(EAN rule)莪术醇(curcumenol)鹅去氧胆酸(chemocholic acid)噁唑(oxazole)蒽(anthracene)蒽酚(anthrol)蒽醌(anthraquinones)蒽酮(anthrone)9-蒽酮大黄酚(chrysophanol 9-anthrone)儿茶素(catechin)二烯烃(diene)二氯卡宾(dichlorocarbene)二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide)二巯基丙醇(dimercaptopropanol )二级结构(secondary structure)二氢黄酮(flavanone)二氢黄酮醇(flavanonol)二氢异黄酮(isoflavanone)二氢查尔酮(dihydrochalcone)二萜类(diterpenoids)番泻苷A、B、C、D(sennoside A、B、C、D) 番茄红素(lycopene)反芳香性化合物(antiaromatic compound)反应历程(reaction mechanism)反应热(heat of reaction)芳香烃(aromatic hydrocarbon)芳香性(aromaticity)芳香性化合物(aromatic compound)芳构化(aromatization)放氮反应(denitrification)飞燕草素(delphinidin)非芳香性化合物(nonaromatic compound)非离子表面活性剂(nonionic)非对映体(diasteroisomer)非质子性溶剂(nonprotonic solvent )非苯芳烃(nonbenzenoid hydrocarbon)菲(phenanthrene)斐林溶液( Fehting solution )费歇尔(E.Fischer)费歇尔投影式(Fischer projection formula)分子轨道(molecular orbital)分子轨道对称性守恒理论(conservation of orbital symmetry theory)分子轨道理论(molecular orbital theory)酚苄明(Phenoxybenzamine)芬克尔斯坦(Finkelstein)芬氟拉明(fenfluramine)粪甾烷(coprostane)氟芬那酸(flufenamic Acid)福井谦一(K.Fukui)傅-克反应(Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction)傅瑞斯重排(K.fries rearrangement)傅瑞德-克拉天茨反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)辅酶Q10(coenzyme Q10)呋喃(furan)盖布瑞尔合成法(Gabreil reaction)盖特曼-科希(Gattermann-Koch)反应甘露糖(mannose)甘氨酸(glycine)甘油(glycerol)甘氨胆酸(glycocholic acid)甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid) 甘草苷(liquiritin)高丽槐素(maackiain)睾丸素(testosterone)隔离二烯烃(isolated diene)格林那试剂(Grignard reagent)哥美林(Gmelin)共振能(resonance energy)共振论(resonance theory)共振杂化体(resonance hybrid)共振结构式(resonating structure)共轭效应(conjugative effect)共轭体系(conjugation system)共轭二烯烃(conjugated diene)构象(conformation)构象异构(conformational isomerism)构造异构(constitutional isomerism)构型保持(configuration conservation)构型转化(configuration inversion)钩藤碱(rhynchophylline)β—谷甾醇(β—sitosterol)谷氨酸(glutamic acid)谷酰胺(glutamine)古柏尔(A. Couper)古柯碱(cocaine)胍(guanidine )寡糖(oligasaccharide)冠醚(crown ether)光学异构体(optical isomer)硅烷(silane)硅油(silicon oil)过氧化物(peroxide)过氧化物效应(peroxide effect)过渡态(transition state)果糖(fructose)哈沃斯(Haworth)海藻糖(fucose)核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy)核苷酸(nucleotide)核苷(nucleoside)核酸(nucleic acid)核糖(ribose)(-)-黑金合欢素[(-)melacacidin)]红古豆碱(cuskohygrine)红花苷(carthamin)红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy)互变异构现象(tautomerism)互变异构体(tautomer)胡萝卜素(carotene)胡椒碱(piperine)槲皮素(quercetin)化学键(chemical bond)花色素(anthocyanidin)环烃(cyclic hydrocarbon)环氧化反应(epoxidation)环加成反应(cycloaddition recation)环状碳架(cyclic carbon constitution)环己二酮(cyclic hexanedione)环糊精(cyclodextrin)α,β-环氧酸酯(α,β-cycloxacid ester)黄柏素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(phellamurin)黄芩素(baicalein)黄芩苷(baicalin)黄杉素(taxifolin)黄酮(flavonoid)黄酮醇(flavonol)黄烷醇(flavanol)黄体酮(progesterone)磺胺(sulfanilamide)磺化反应(sulfonation)活化能(energy of activation)霍夫曼(R.Hofmann)霍夫曼降解反应(Hoffmann degradation)霍夫曼消除(Hoffmann elimination)霍夫曼彻底甲基化反应(Hoffmann exhaustive methylation)几何异构体(geometricalisomer)己二胺(hexanediamine)季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt)季铵碱(quaternnary ammonium hydrate )季膦盐( quaternary phosphonium salt )激素(hormone)甲孕酮(methporgestin)甲基睾丸素(methyl testosterone)甲基锂(lithium methlde)甲壳质(chitin)价键学说(valence bond method)假酸式(pseudo-acid form )σ键(σbond)σ键迁移反应(sigmatropic reaction)π键(πbond)碱基配对规律(base pairing rule)姜烯(zingiberene)胶束(micelle)交叉醇醛缩合反应(crossed aldol reaction)金合欢醇(farnesol)金属有机化合物(metalloorganic compound)金雀花碱(sparteine)金鸡宁(cinchonine)金刚烷胺(symmetrel)紧密离子对(tightness ionpair )精氨酸(arginine)竞争反应(competing reaction )聚合物(polymer)聚合反应(polyreaction)聚集二烯烃(cumulative diene)锯架式(andiron formula ; sawhorse projection formula) 卡宾(碳烯)(Carbene)开息纳尔-武尔夫(Kishner-Wolff)-黄鸣龙法凯库勒(A. Kekule)康尼查罗(Cannizzaro ) 反应科尔贝(H. Kolbe)科瑞—郝思反应(E.J.Cory—H.House reaction)可的松(cortisone)可见-紫外光谱(visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy)克莱森-斯密特(Claisen-Schmidt)反应克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)反应克莱门森(Clemmensen)还原反应克莱森重排(Claisen rearrangement)克莱森缩合反应(Claisen condensation reaction ) 柯尔柏-施密特反应(Kolbe-schmidt reaction)柯亚素(chrysarobin)壳糖胺(chitosamine)苦参碱(matrine)库切洛夫反应(Kutchcrov reaction)奎宁(quinine)喹啉(quinoline)醌(quinones)醌氢醌(quinhydrone)莱普西汀(leptosidin)赖氨酸(lysine)兰尼镍(Raney Ni)莨菪碱(hyoscyamine)雷公藤甲素(triptolide)利血平(reserpine)立体选择性(stereoselective)立体专一性(stereospecific)立体异构(stereoisomer)离域(delocalization)离域能(delocalization energy ;delocalized energy)离域电子(delocalized electron)离去基团(leaving group )链引发阶段(chain initiation step)链增长阶段(chain propagation step)链终止阶段(chain termination step)链状碳架(chain carbon constitution)亮氨酸(leucine)林德拉(Lindlar)膦叶立德(phosphorus ylide)膦(phosphureted hydrogen)鏻盐(phosphorate)膦酸(phosphonic acid )硫脲(thiourea )硫醇(thioalcohol )硫醚(thioether )硫酚(phenylsulfhydryl )留氮反应(reaction of nitrogen retention) 龙脑(borneol)卤代反应(halogenation)卤仿(haloform)卤仿反应(haloform reaction )卢卡斯试剂(Lucas reagent)芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)芦丁(rutin)α-卵磷脂(α-lecithine )轮烯(annulene)酪氨酸(tyrosine)罗勒烯(ocimene)罗森孟德(Rosenmund)还原法螺环烃(spiro hydrocarbon)氯乙酸甲酯(methyl chloroacetate) (chloro acetyl formate) 绿茶多酚(green tea polyphenols)马尔可夫尼可夫(Markovnikov)规则麻黄碱(ephedrine)吗啡(morphine)麦可拉费蒂(Mclafferty)麦芽糖(maltose)麦角甾醇(ergostenol)麦角新碱(ergometrine)麦克尔加成(Michael addition)满尼希(Mannich)反应梅尔外英-彭多夫(Meerwein-Poundorf)还原反应酶(enzyme)没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin)没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate)脒基(amidino)嘧啶(pyrimidine)咪唑(imidazole)那可汀(narcotine)钠汞齐反应(natrium amalgam reaction)萘(naphthalene)脑磷脂(cephalin)内消旋体(meso-form)尼科尔棱镜(Nicol prism)脲(尿素) (urea)鸟嘌呤(guanine)尿嘧啶(uracil)柠檬醛(citral)苧烯(limonene)牛磺胆酸(taurocholic acid)纽曼投影式(Newmans projection formular)扭转能(torsional energy)扭转张力(torsional strain)欧芬脑尔氧化反应(Oppenaner oxidizing reaction)偶氮基(azo)偶合(偶联)反应(coupling reaction)偶合组分(或偶合剂)(coupling agent )偶极-离子键(dipolar-ionic bond )蒎烯(pinene)硼氢化反应(hydroboration))硼氢化钠(NaBH4吡哆醛(pyridoxal)吡咯(pyrrole)吡喃(pyran)吡嗪(pyrazine)吡唑(pyrazole)吡啶(pyridine)嘌呤(purine)频哪醇(pinacol)平面偏振光(plane polarized light)平伏键(e键,equatorial bonds)苹果多酚(apple polyphenols)普鲁卡因(procaine )葡萄糖(glucose)歧化反应(disproportionation reaction )前列腺素( prostaglandin)前线轨道(frontier orbital)理论茜草素(alizarin)茜素型(alizarin-type)强心苷(cardiac glycosides)羟肟酸(hydroximic acid )β-羟基醛(β-hydroxy aldehyde )桥环烃(bridged hydrocarbon)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelinicacid)亲电性试剂(electrophile)亲电加成反应(electrophilic addition)亲电取代(electrophilic substitution)亲核试剂(nucleophilic reagent)亲核加成反应(nucleophilic addition)亲核取代(nucleophilic substitution)亲核取代反应历程(nucleophilic substitution reavtion mechanism) 亲双烯体(dienophile)芹菜素(apigenin)氢解( hydrogenolysis)氢化苯基锡(hydrogenation benztin)氢化正丁基锡( hydrogenation butyltin )氢化油(hydrogenated oil )氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)氢化热(heat of hydrogenation)氢甲酰化法(hydroformylation)氢键(hydrogen bond)清风藤碱(sinoacutine)琼斯试剂(Jones reagent)炔烃(alkyne)热力学概念(thermodynamic conception )溶剂化效应(solvating effect)乳糖(lactose)瑞穆尔-蒂曼反应(Reamer-Timann reaction)萨哈斯投影式(Sawhares projection)噻吩(thiophene)噻唑(thiazole)三萜(triterpenoids)三甲基铝(trimethyl aluminium)三级结构(tertiary structure)三线态(triplet state)三苯基膦(triphenyl phosphine)三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate)桑得迈尔反应(Sandmeyer reaction)桑得迈尔—盖特曼反应(Sandmeyer-Gattermann reaction)色氨酸(tryptophan)色谱法(chromatography)沙瑞特试剂(Sarrett reagent)鲨烯(squalene)山油柑碱(acronycine)山扁豆双醌(cassiamine)山梗菜碱(lobeline)肾上腺皮质激素(adrenal cortex hormone)生物甲基化(biological methylate)18电子规则(18- electron rule)史蒂文斯重排(Stevens rearrangement)石松碱(lycopodine)士的宁(strychnine)矢车菊素(cyanidin)手性(chirality)水苏碱(stachydrine)双蒽核(bi-anthracene nucleus)双烯体(diene)顺反异构(cistrans isomerism)顺反异构体(cis-trans isomer)四氢巴马汀(tetrahydropalmatine)四级结构(quaternary structure)四氢硼钠反应(sodium borohydride reaction) 四萜(quadruterpene)四甲基硅烷(tetramethylsilane)丝氨酸(serine)松香酸(abietic acid)苏氨酸(threonine)酸败(rancidity )缩醛(acetal)缩二脲反应(biuret reaction)肽(peptide)肽键(peptide bond)碳水化合物(carbohydrate)碳酰氯(carbonyl chloride ;phosgene )糖类(saccharide)糖苷(glycoside)糖原(glycogen)天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)天精(skyrin)天竺葵素(pelargonidin)萜类化合物(terpenoids)同系列(homologous series)同系物(homolog)同分异构体(isomer)酮(ketone)透析法(permeation)1-吐根碱(1-emetine)脱羧反应(decarboxylic reaction)娃儿藤定碱(tylophorinine)瓦尔登转化(Walden inversion)外消旋体(racemic mixture)外消旋化(racemization)烷烃(alkane)维生素A(vitamin A)维生素B12(vitamin B12)维生素K1、K2(vitamin K1、K2)维蒂希反应(Wittig reaction)伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)威尔克森(wilkinson)威廉森合成法(Williamson synthesis)武勒(F. Wohler)无色矢车菊素(leucocyanidin)伍德沃德(R.B.Woodward)武兹反应(A.Wurtz reaction)烯烃(alkene)系统命名法(systematic nomenclature)西佛碱(Schiff ’s base)希夫(schiff)试剂吸电子共轭效应(electronwithdrawing conjugative effect) 喜树碱(camptothecine)西佛碱(schiff base)希曼反应(G.Schiemann reaction)纤维二糖(cellobiose)纤维素(cellulose)腺嘌呤(adenine)硝化反应(nitration)消除反应(elimination reaction)小檗碱(berberine)硝基化合物(nitro compounds)协同反应(concerted reaction)缬氨酸(valine)(±)—新薄荷醇[(±)—neomenthol]兴斯堡反应(Hinsberg reaction)胸腺嘧啶(thymine)12-15休克尔规则(Hückel rule)比旋光度(specific rotatory power)旋光仪(optical rotation instrument)旋光异构体(optical isomer)血红素(haemachrome)亚硝酸(nitrous acid)烟碱(nicotine)延胡索乙素(tetrahydropalmatine)盐酸-镁粉反应(HCl-Mg powder reaction)盐酸-锌粉反应(HCl-Zn powder reaction)盐(oxonium salt)氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)氧化蒽酚(oxanthranol)氧化态(oxidation state)氧化值(oxidation number)阳离子表面活性剂(cationic surface active agent)叶黄素(phylloxanthin)叶绿素(chlorophyll)一叶萩碱(securinine)一野百合碱(monocrotaline)一级结构(primary structure)乙硼烷(diborane)1-乙炔基环戊醇(1-ethynyl cyclopentanol )乙二胺(ethylene diamine)乙烯酮(ethenone ;ketene )乙酸(acetic acid)乙二酸(ethanedioic acid )异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)异黄酮(isoflavone)异鼠李素(isorhamnetin)异钩藤碱(isorhynchophylline)异亮氨酸(isoleucine)异头物(anomer)异头效应(anomeric effect)异噁唑(isoxazole)异噻唑(isothiazole)异腈(胩)(isonitrile)异喹啉(isoquinoline)胰岛素(insulin)阴离子表面活性剂(anionic surface active agent)茚三酮(ninhydrin )吲哚(indole)罂粟碱(papaverine)油脂(axunge;grease;lipin;)有效原子序数(effective atomic number)有机金属化合物(organometallic compound)有机锂(organic-Li) (organic lithium ) (organolithium compound) 诱导效应(inductive effect)羽扇豆碱(lupinine)愈创木奥(guaiazulene)原花色素(proanthocyanidin)鸢尾苷(iridin)原子轨道(atomic orbital)Z(Zusammen,德文,在一起之意)杂化轨道(hybrid orbital)杂环碳架(heterocycle carbon constitution)甾体化合物(steroidal compound)皂化反应(saponification reaction)皂化值(saponification value)扎依采夫(Saytzeff)规则樟柳碱(anisodine)樟脑(camphor)蔗糖(sucrose)-折叠(beta-pleated sheet)蒸馏法(distillation)质谱(mass spectroscopy)质子性溶剂(protonic solvent)脂环烃(alicyclic hydrocarbon;cycloalkane)直立键(a键,axial bond)重氮化反应(diazotization reaction)重氮盐(diazonium salt)重氮组分(diazocomponent)重氮甲烷(diazomethane)周环反应(pericyclic reaction)转化糖(invert sugar)自由基(free radical)自由基链反应(free radical chain reaction)β-紫罗兰酮(β-ionone )组氨酸(histidine)。
中英文科技论文写作之化学术语
中英文科技论文写作之化学术语引言在科技领域,化学是一个非常重要的学科。
为了确保科技论文的准确性和可理解性,正确使用化学术语是至关重要的。
然而,对于非英语母语的作者来说,掌握化学术语的中英文翻译并正确运用在论文中可能是一个挑战。
本文将介绍一些常见的化学术语的中英文对照,帮助非英语母语作者更好地撰写科技论文。
一、化学基础词汇1.1 元素(Elements)元素是化学最基本的单位,由原子组成。
例如,氢(hydrogen)是一种元素,其化学符号为H。
以下是一些常见元素的英文名称及其化学符号:•氧(Oxygen)—— O•碳(Carbon)—— C•氮(Nitrogen)—— N•铁(Iron)—— Fe•铜(Copper)—— Cu1.2 化合物(Compounds)化合物是由不同元素按照一定比例结合而成的物质。
例如,水(water)是一种由氢和氧组成的化合物,其化学式为H2O。
以下是一些常见化合物的英文名称及其化学式:•二氧化碳(Carbon Dioxide)—— CO2•氨(Ammonia)—— NH3•氮氧化物(Nitric Oxide)—— NO•氯化钠(Sodium Chloride)—— NaCl二、基本理论和原理术语2.1 反应(Reactions)反应是指物质之间发生的化学变化过程。
以下是一些常见的反应类型的中英文对照:•氧化反应(Oxidation Reaction)•还原反应(Reduction Reaction)•酸碱中和反应(Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction)•电解反应(Electrolysis Reaction)2.2 摩尔(Moles)摩尔是一种用来计量化学物质的单位。
以下是一些与摩尔相关的术语的中英文对照:•摩尔质量(Molar Mass)•摩尔浓度(Molar Concentration)•摩尔比(Molar Ratio)2.3 平衡(Equilibrium)化学反应可以达到平衡态,意味着反应速率的正向和反向过程相互抵消,达到动态平衡。
常见化学术语的中英文对照
化学词汇1.The Ideal-Gas Equation理想气体状态方程2.Partial Pressures分压3.Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4.System and Surroundings系统与环境5.Stateand State Functions状态与状态函数6.Process过程7.Phase相8.The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一定律9.Heat and Work热与功10.Endothermic and Exothermic Processes吸热与发热过程11.Enthalpiesof Reactions反应热12.Hess’s Law盖斯定律13.Enthalpiesof Formation生成焓14.Reaction Rates反应速率15.Reaction Order反应级数16.Rate Constants速率常数17.Activation Energy活化能18.Reaction Mechanisms反应机理19.Enzymes酶20.The Equilibrium Constant平衡常数21.the Direction of Reaction反应方向22.Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响23.Spontaneous Processes自发过程24.Entropy S tandard Entropy熵标准熵25.The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律26.Entropy Changes熵变27.Standard Free-Energy Changes标准自由能变28.Acid酸29.Bases碱30.The Protonin Water水合质子31.The Ph Scales pH值32.The Dissociation of Water水离解33.Relative Strength of Acidsand Bases酸碱的相对强度34.Hydrolysis of Metal Ions金属离子的水解35.Buffer Solutions缓冲溶液36.The Common-Ion Effects同离子效应37.Buffer Capacity缓冲容量38.Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成39.Solubility溶解度40.The Solubility-Product Constant溶度积常数41.Precipitation and separation of Ions离子的沉淀与分离42.Selective Precipitation of Ions离子的选择沉淀43.Oxidation-Reduction Reactions氧化还原反应44.Oxidation Number氧化数45.Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations氧化还原反应方程的配平46.Half-Reaction半反应47.Oxidizing and Reducing Agents氧化剂和还原剂48.Electrolysis电解49.The Wave Behavior of Electrons电子的波动性50.Electron Spin电子自旋51.Atomic Orbital原子轨道52.The sp,d,f Orbital sp,d,f轨道53.Many-Electron Atoms多电子原子54.Energies of Orbital轨道能量55.The Pauli Exclusion Principle泡林不相容原理56.Electron Configurations电子构型57.The Periodic Table周期表58.Row行59.Group族60.Isotopes,Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers同位素,原子数,质量数61.Periodic Properties of the Elements元素的周期律62.Radius of Atoms原子半径63.Ionization Energy电离能64.Electronegativity电负性65.Effective Nuclear Charge有效核电荷66.Metals金属67.Nonmetals非金属68.V alence Bond Theory价键理论69.Covalence Bond共价键70.Orbital Overlap轨道重叠71.Multiple Bonds重键72.Hybrid Orbital杂化轨道73.The VSEPR Model价层电子对互斥理论74.Molecular Geometries分子空间构型75.Molecular Orbital分子轨道76.Diatomic Molecules双原子分子77.Bond Length键长78.Bond Order键级79.Bond Angles键角80.Bond Enthalpies键能81.Bond Polarity键矩82.Polarity Molecules极性分子83.Polyatomic Molecules多原子分子84.Crystal Structure晶体结构85.Non-Crystal非晶体86.Metallic Solids金属晶体87.Metallic Bond金属键88.Alloys合金89.Ionic Solids离子晶体90.Molecular Forces分子间力91.Intermolecular Forces分子间作用力92.Hydrogen Bonding氢键93.Covalent-Network Solids原子晶体pounds化合物95.The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes配合物的命名,组成和结构96.Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型97.Chelates螯合物98.Isomerism异构现象99.Structural Isomerism结构异构100.Stereoisomerism立体异构101.Magnetism磁性102.Electron Configurationsin Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布103.Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes四面体和平面四边形配合物104.General Characteristics共性105.s-Block Elementss区元素106.Alkali Metals碱金属107.Alkaline Earth Metals碱土金属108.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-Block Elements p区元素134.Boron Group Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium硼族硼,铝,镓,铟,铊136.Carbon Group Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead碳族碳,硅,锗,锡,铅137.Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138.Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139.Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon硅的存在和制备140.Silicic Acid,Silicates硅酸,硅酸盐141.Nitrogen Group Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth氮族磷,砷,锑,铋142.Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid氨,硝酸,磷酸143.Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides磷酸盐,卤化磷144.Oxygen Group Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium氧族元素氧,硫,硒,碲145.Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine卤素氟,氯,溴,碘148.Halides, Chloride卤化物,氯化物149.The Noble Gases稀有气体150.Noble-Gas Compounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Block elements d区元素152.Transition Metals过渡金属153.Potassium Dichromate重铬酸钾154.Potassium Permanganate高锰酸钾155.Iron Copper Zinc铁,铜,锌156.f-Block Elements f区元素nthanides镧系元素162.analytical chemistry分析化学163.qualitative analysis定性分析164.quantitative analysis定量分析165.chemical analysis化学分析166.instrumental analysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gravimetric analysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographi analysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemical analysis电化学分析173.on-line analysis在线分析174.macro analysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.micro analysis微量分析177.deformation analysis形态分析178.semimicro analysis半微量分析179.systematical error系统误差180.routine analysis常规分析181.random error偶然误差182.arbitration analysis仲裁分析183.gross error过失误差184.normal distribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relative standard deviation相对标准偏差RSD 192.significant test显著性检验193.significant figure有效数字194.standard solution标准溶液196.stoichiometric point化学计量点197.end point滴定终点198.titrationerror滴定误差199.primary standard基准物质200.amount of substance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemical reaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemical equilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207.proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209.dissociation constant解离常数210.conjugate acid-basepair共轭酸碱对211.acetic acid乙酸212.hydroniumion水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-product constant of water水的离子积215.ionization电离216.proton condition质子平衡217.zero level零水准218.buffer solution缓冲溶液219.methyl orange甲基橙220.acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordination compound配位化合物223.centerion中心离子224.cumulativest ability constant累积稳定常数225.alphaco efficient酸效应系数226.overall stability constant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体229.side reaction coefficient副反应系数230.coordination atom配位原子231.coordination number配位数232.lone pair electron孤对电子233.chelate compound螯合物234.metalin dicator金属指示剂235.chelating agent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalytic reaction催化反应244.reactionrate反应速率245.electrode potential电极电势246.activation energy反应的活化能247.redox couple氧化还原电对248.potassium permanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redoxin dicator氧化还原指示253.oxygen consuming耗氧量OC254.chemical oxygen demanded化学需氧量COD 255.dissolved oxygen溶解氧DO256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法259.aging陈化260.post precipitation继沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.fitration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemical factor化学因数267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibration curve校正曲线271.standard curve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.wave length dispersion色散275.absorption cell吸收池276.detector检测系统278.Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylating agent乙酰化剂283.aceticacid乙酸284.adiethl ether乙醚285.ethyl alcohol乙醇291.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reaction mechanism反应历程295.chemical shift化学位移296.Waldeninversio瓦尔登反转n 297.Enantiomorph对映体298.addition reaction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereo chemistry立体化学302.stereoisomer立体异构体303.Lucasre agent卢卡斯试剂304.covalent bond共价键309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象anic chemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybridorbital杂化轨道315.peroxide effect过氧化物效应t 316.valence bond theory价键理论317.sequence rule次序规则334.positionalisomers位置异构体337.benzene苯339.configuration构型340.conformation构象341.confomation alisome构象异构体356.nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振366.Ketone酮367.carboxylic acid羧酸368.carboxylic acid derivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氢化反应370.bond length键长371.bond energy键能372.bond angle键角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正离子375.carbanion碳负离子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmannrule霍夫曼规则378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物数学英语词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric meann个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal)x的倒数为1/x 有理数rational number 无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式,方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数,幂exponent乘方power二次方,平方square三次方,立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根square root三次方根,立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列,级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rational number 无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle 等腰三角形isosceles triangle 等边三角形equilateral triangle 四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron 十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率,或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram代数部分1. 有关数算add,plus 加subtract 减difference 差multiply, times 乘product 积divide 除divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除dividend 被除数,红利divisor 因子,除数quotient 商remainder 余数factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号round to 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入2. 有关集合union 并集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程,等价方程linear equation 线性方程(e.g. 5?x?+6=22) 4.?有关分数和小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least) common denominator (最小)公分母quarter 四分之一decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数tenths unit 十分位5. 基本数学概念arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数,幂base 乘幂的底数,底边cube 立方数,立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根common logarithm 常用对数digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的,线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32 round off 四舍五入6.有关数论natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse 倒数composite number 合数prime number 质数reciprocal 倒数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(least)common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制nonnegative 非负的tens 十位units 个位mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比7.?数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列8.?其它?approximate 近似(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数direct proportion 正比distinct 不同的estimation 估计,近似parentheses 括号proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合table 表格trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何部分1. 所有的角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角central angle 圆心角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角adjacent angle 邻角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角round angle 周角straight angle 平角included angle 夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形3.?有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形polygon 多边形parallelogram 平行四边形equilateral 等边形plane 平面square 正方形,平方rectangle 长方形regular polygon 正多边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形4.其它平面图形arc 弧line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines 平行线segment of a circle 弧形5.有关立体图形cube 立方体,立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的6.?有关图形上的附属物altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长radian 弧度surface area 表面积volume 体积arm 直角三角形的股cross section 横截面center of a circle 圆心chord 弦radius 半径angle bisector 角平分线diagonal 对角线diameter 直径edge 棱face of a solid 立体的面hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边leg 三角形的直角边median of a triangle 三角形的中线base 底边,底数(e.g. 2的5次方,2就是底数)opposite 直角三角形中的对边midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点tangent 切线的transversal 截线intercept 截距7.有关坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标number line 数轴quadrant 象限slope 斜率complex plane 复平面8.其它plane geometry 平面几何trigonometry 三角学bisect 平分circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切intersect 相交perpendicular 垂直pythagorean theorem 勾股定理congruent 全等的multilateral 多边的其它1.单位类cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打(12个)score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart)yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度) square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天) common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示list price 标价markup 涨价per capita 每人ratio 比率retail price 零售价tie 打Chapter onefunction notation方程符号函数符号quadratic functions 二次函数quadratic equations 二次方程式二次等式chapter twoEquivalent algebraic expressions 等价代数表达式rational expression 有理式有理表达式horizontal and vertical translation of functions 函数的水平和垂直的平移reflections of functions 函数的倒映映射chapter threeExponential functions 指数函数exponential decay 指数式衰减exponent 指数properties of exponential functions 指数函数的特性chapter fourTrigonometry 三角学Reciprocal trigonometric ratios 倒数三角函数比Trigonometric functions 三角函数Discrete functions 离散函数11。
(完整版)普通化学术语中英文对照表
普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子atom adj.atomic原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron(abbr. e)离子ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质element化合物compound纯净物pure substance/chemical substance混合物mixture相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. A r)相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. M r)化学式量relative formula mass物质的量amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. N A)摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式empirical formula气体摩尔体积molar volume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’s Law溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volume concentration浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemical equation反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐salt酸式盐acid salt离子方程式ionic equation结晶水water of crystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidation number氧化还原反应redox reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction歧化反应disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂oxidising agent还原剂reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一,第二,第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道atomic orbital电子云electron cloud电子亚层sub-shell能层layer能级energy level电子排布electron configuration电子云重叠shell overlap洪特规则Hund’s rule泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle基态ground state激发态excited state跃迁transition手性chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键chemical bond键长bond length键级bond order键角bond angle键能bond enthalpies离子键ionic bond供体donor受体acceptor静电吸引electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构giant ionic structure共价键covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构giant covalent structure共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键polar bond非极性共价键non-polar bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性electronegativity极性polarity偶极子dipole分子间作用力intermolecular forces氢键hydrogen bond范德华力van der Waal’s force色散力dispersion force诱导力induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键metallic bond离域delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性malleability可锻性ductility导电性electrical conductivity合金alloy元素周期表the Periodic Table周期period族group原子序数proton number同位素isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素nuclide同量异位素isobar金属metal非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal碱土金属alkaline earth metal卤素halogen稀有气体noble gas元素周期律periodic trends活泼active稳定noble分解反应decomposition reaction化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀precipitation官能团functional group碳氢化合物/烃hydrocarbon饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物homologous[həˈ-] series异构现象isomerism ['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体allotropy/allotropism分子式molecular formula通式general formula结构式displayed formula结构简式structural formula键线式skeletal formula均裂homolytic fission异裂heterolytic fission亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂electrophile加成反应addition reaction加水加成hydration reaction加成聚合反应addition polymerisation聚合物polymer单体monomer链节repeat unit缩合聚合反应condensation reaction缩聚物condensation polymer取代反应substitution reaction脱水dehydration水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction酯化反应esterification reaction亲核取代nucleophilic substitution消去反应elimination reaction裂化反应cracking (reaction)石油分馏fractional distillation燃烧combustion发酵fermentation氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons产率percentage yield原子利用率atom economy红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy质谱分析mass spectroscopy光谱spectrum挥发性volatility冷凝回流reflux反应机理reaction mechanism能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy热力学thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH rӨ)燃烧热heat of combustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH cӨ) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH fӨ) 放热反应exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能activation energy(abbe. E a)比热容specific heat capacity键焓bond enthalpy平均键焓average bond enthalpy盖斯定律Hess’ law有效碰撞理论collision theory反应速率rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学reaction kinetics催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis酶enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应reversible reaction动态平衡dynamic equilibrium平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂concentration power平衡移动shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应greenhouse effect吸附作用adsorption绿色化学green chemistry溶解度solubility离子反应ionic reaction电离ionisation电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionisation equilibrium电离常数ionisation constant离子积ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium溶度积solubility product原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥salt bridge电极electrode正极/阳极anode负极/阴极cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池dry cell一次电池primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电charge放电discharge燃料电池fuel cell电解electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion分子空间构型molecular geometries杂化hybrid轨道orbital晶格lattice晶体crystal晶胞crystal structure堆积作用sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘iodine(abbr. I) ['aiəudi:n]氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨graphite ['græfait]臭氧ozone ['əuzəun]红磷red phosphorus白磷white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的hydride ['haidraid]硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的azide ['æzaid]硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的dioxide [dai-']三氧化的trioxide过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子hydronium氟化的fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate硫化的sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [θa iəu-']焦硫酸根persulphate [pə:-']氯化的chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide铵根ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根permanganate锰酸根manganate氰根cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根chromate重铬酸根dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢phosphine硫化氢hydrogen sulphide氮化镁magnesium nitride四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧oxygen difluoride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-烷烃alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec-十二dodec-十三tridec-十四tetradec-十五pentadec-十六hexadec-十七heptadec-十八octadec-十九nonadec-二十eicos-三十triacont-四十tetracont-五十prntacont-正构型normal-(n-)异构型iso-(i-)新构型neo-(n-)聚poly-烷基alkyl甲基methyl(abbr. Me)乙基ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构preffix trans-(E-)苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix-di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基amino酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromopheno blue百里酚蓝thymol blue甲基橙methyl orange龙胆紫gentian violet氯仿chloroform异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠sodium stearate柠檬酸citric acid柠檬酸钠sodium citrate乳酸lactic acid乳酸钠sodium lactate葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸amino acid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose乳糖lactose淀粉starch纤维素cellulose脂肪酸fatty acid甘油/丙三醇glycerol/ glycerine/ glycerin叔丁醇tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitrə'tɔljui:n]萘naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素urea/carbamide胡萝卜素carotene叶绿素chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrine/ norpseudoephedrine舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素salbutamol伪麻黄碱pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因caffeine维生素A/视黄醇retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计thermometre [θə'-]托盘天平counterbalance试管test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶flask蒸馏烧瓶distillation flask锥形瓶Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗funnel广口瓶wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙combustion spoon蒸发皿evaporating dish酒精灯alcohol burner本生灯Bunsen burner量筒graduated cylinder['silində]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder集气瓶gas bottle滴管burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶dropper bottle曲颈瓶retort [ri'-]表面皿watch glass石棉网asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台iron stand滴定管burette/buret泥三角pipeclay triangle启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner坩埚钳tong坩埚pot索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor冷凝管cold finger称量瓶weighing bottle注:本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语,读音均以英式发音标注。
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Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂 matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管 burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式 valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑 Argon(Ar) 氩 Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈 Chlorine(Cl) 氯 Chromium(Cr) 铬 Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹 Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁 Manganese(Mn) 锰 Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼 Neodymium(Nd) 钕 Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎 Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨 Promethium(Pm) 钷 Protactinium(Pa) 镤 Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水 fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象 hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合reforming 重整purification 净化hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油(美作:gasoline)LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气 LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气 octane number 辛烷数,辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil 柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel 燃料natural gas 天然olefin 烯烃high-grade petrol, high-octane petrol 高级汽油,高辛烷值汽油 plastic 塑料chemical fiber 化学纤维synthetic rubber 合成橡胶solvent 溶剂。