汉画像石西王母图像研究之徐州样式

漢畫像石西王母圖像研究

之徐州樣式

武利華

徐州漢畫像石藝術館館長、研究員

中國漢畫學會副會長、徐州師範大學碩士生導師

摘要

西王母是一個非常古老的話題，隨著圖像學的介入，又是一個全新的領域。大量的漢畫像石、漢畫像磚的西王母圖像，使得西王母圖像分為各地不同的樣式。徐州漢畫像石中的西王母圖像非常多且極具特色，因之構成了漢畫像石西王母圖像的徐州樣式。

徐州漢畫像石中的西王母圖像有代表性的作品達20餘幅，按時代梳理可以將西王母圖像的畫像石分為兩個時期，同時又包括鑲嵌在石闕、祠堂、墓室不同的位置。而這些圖像中，又有三個特殊的題材非常重要，這就是西王母的配偶東王公的出場時間、西王母身邊的眾神靈的形象、西王母與佛像的同一畫面所表現的佛道雜糅。這些真實的圖像資料可以化解人們的長期爭論，同時也為研究者提供了新鮮的研究內容。

西王母是漢代人們信仰的萬能之神，儘管海內外學者對她進行了大量的研究，但是她神秘外紗和背後的秘密至今尚未完全破譯。這對於信仰者和研究者來講，西王母將永遠是人們探究的永恆課題。

關鍵字：漢畫像石、西王母、徐州樣式

A Study of the Hsuchow Form of the Portrait of Queen Mother of the West on Han Carved Stones

Wu, Li-hua

Hsuchow Art Museum of Han Carved Stones;

Association of Chinese Han Portrait; Xuzhou Normal University

Abstract

Queen Mother of the West is a very old topic. After the introduction of iconography, it becomes a whole new area. Portraits of Queen Mother of the West on a large amount of Han carved stones and bricks can be distinguished into different forms depending on their places of origin. There are a lot of portraits of Queen Mother of the West on Han carved stones in Huschow, which are also very characteristic. The Hsuchow Form of the portrait of Queen Mother of the West on Han carved stones is constituted by these characteristics.

There are more than twenty representative portraits of Queen Mother of the West on Han carved stones in Hsuchow. They can be classified into two categories according to their age of production; they are embedded in stone watchtowers, ancestral shrines, and tomb chambers. In these portraits there are three important special subject matters: the time of appearance of the husband of Queen Mother of the West—King Father of the East, the images of various deities beside Queen Mother of the West, and the admixture of Buddhism and religious Taoism shown by images portraying Queen Mother of the West beside Buddha. These authentic data of the portraits can solve long-term debates among scholars, and, at the same time, provide researchers with fresh materials

Queen Mother of the West is an omnipotent deity in the belief of the people of Han. Despite abundant studies on her by both domestic and foreign scholars, her mysteries and secrets are still unknown to us. For her followers and researchers, Queen Mother of the West is an eternal issue of investigation.

Keywords: Han carved stones, Queen Mother of the West, Hsuchow Form