党校在职研究生经济学第一学期英语必考课文翻译

课文及译文8

Telecommunication via Satellite

At the beginning of the twentieth century, there were four powerful means of transmitting and receiving information over long distances: print, photography, telegraph and telephone. By the middle of the century, both radio and television had become established means of transmitting sounds and/or picture. In 1964, the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program to be transmitted via satellite.

卫星通信

20世纪初远程信息传递和接收有四种强有力的手段，它们是印刷、照相、电报和电话。到20世纪中期，无线电和电视都已成为无可争议的声像传送手段。1964年，东京奥运会成为第一个通过卫星传送的节目。

In order to transmit an event such as the Olympics via satellite, television signals are first changed into radio waves, which are then sent from a station on earth to a orbiting satellite. The satellite receives the radio waves and sends them back to earth, where another station picks them up and changes them back into television signals. Because any form of sound or visual information can be changed into radio waves, satellite are capable of transmitting not only television broadcasts, but telephone calls and printed materials such as books and magazines.

为了能通过卫星传送像奥运会这样的比赛项目，电视信号要先转换成无线电波，然后从某个地面发射站把无线电波送上轨道卫星。卫星收到无线电波之后，再把它们发回地球，由地球上的另一个地面站接收信号，并把它们转换回电视信号。因为任何形式的声音或图像信号都能变成无线电波，所以卫星不仅能传送电视广播节目，还可以传送电话和书籍、杂志一类的印刷品。

The combination of satellite, which transmit information, computers, which store information, and television, which displays information, will change every home into an education and entertainment center. In theory, every person will have access to an unlimited amount of information.

卫星能够传送信息、计算机能够存储信息和电视能够显示信息，把这三者结合起来就能使每个家庭成为教育和娱乐中心。从理论上说，每个人都能接触无限的信息量。

Another important use of telecommunication satellites was demonstrated in 1974 when the "Teacher in Sky" satellite transmitted educational programs to classes in remote areas of the United States. In 1975, many people in India saw television for the first time as they watched programs about agriculture and health.

1974年美国的“空中教师”卫星把教育节目传送到边远地区的课堂，这显示了通信卫星的另一个重要用途。1975年，印度有很多人第一次看到电视，当时他们观看的是有关农业和健康的节目。

The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas where transportation is difficult. For example, a health worker in an isolated area was able to transmit pictures of a patient's wound to a doctor far away. He was then able to follow the doctor's instructions on how to care for the patient.

有些人住的地区与外界隔绝，交通十分不便，卫星还显示了它们怎样向他们提供帮助。例如，这类地区的保健工作者可以把患者受伤的照片传送给远方的医生。然后他就能够根据医生的指示照料患者。

The most common use of telecommunication satellites, however, has been for transmitting telephone calls, Most of them travel 40,000 miles to a satellite and then back to earth. Then years ago, a satellite was capable of receiving and transmitting more than 33,000 telephone conversations simultaneously. Now a single satellite is able to transmit over 100,000 conversations as well as several hundred television channels - all at the same time.

然而通信卫星用得最多的还是传送电话。大部分电话信息要走40000英里才能到达某个卫星然后返回地球。10年前，一颗卫星能够同时接收和传送33000多对通话。现在一颗卫星就能传送100000多对通话和几个电视频道节目——而这一切都是同时进行的。

Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily, but some people worry that this may be a risk to our privacy. If personal information is stored in computers, then it may be easily transmitted via satellite to anyone who can pay for the service.

电信能使我们迅速和方便使用世界各地发来的信息，不过有些人担心我们隐私会因此有被暴露的危险。如果计算机中存在私人信息，那么只有人能为这项服务付费，就可以很容易地通过卫星把它传送给这个人。

Another worry is that telecommunication systems may isolate people from each other. When people are able to shop from their homes, do their banking without leaving the house, watch any movie they want on their television, as well as get any information they need, then there will not be as much contact between people.

另一个担心是电信系统会使人们今后互相隔绝。当人们在家里就能购物，不用离开家就能办理银行业务，能够在电视上看到想看的电影，还能得到所需要的任何信息，那么人们之间的接触就不会有那么多了。

It is important to realize that the same technology that helps us may also harm us. We can prevent this from happening by carefully controlling the new technology. As one telecommunication expert says," We must remember that technology alone is not the answer... It is the intelligent application of technology that will lead us to success."

重要的是要能认识到，同一种技术既能有利，也能有害，我们应该认真控制新的技术，防止有害的事情发生。正如电信专家所说，“我们必须牢记，解决问题的办法不在技术本身。……聪明地利用技术将能使我们成功。”

课文及译文9

Learned Words and Popular Words

In every cultivated language, there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. first, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who speak the language. Such words may be called "popular," since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.

学者词汇和大众词汇

每一门经过锤炼的语言都有两大类词，它们一起构成了这门语言的整个词汇。首先，有一类词是我们日常谈话熟悉的。也就是说，它们是我们从家人、朋友那里学来的词，即