中国传统文化(中英文)

中国传统文化
一、“传统节日”单词预热vocabulary work
烹调cooking cuisine
鱼肉满架well stocked with fish and meat
象征意义symbolic significance
农历lunar calendar
阳历solar calendar
端午节Dragon Boat Festival
元宵节Lantern Festival
清明节Pure Brightness Day
重阳节Double Ninth Day
放逐be exiled
忠臣loyal minister
糯米粽子glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves 祭祀亡灵in memory of sb.
龙舟比赛dragon boat races
中秋节Mid Autumn Festival
满月full moon
月饼moon cake
蜜饯preserved fruits
豆沙bean paste
蛋黄egg yolk
海鲜seafood
家禽poultry
饺子dumplings
八宝饭eight treasure rice
米羹rice balls
油条fried sticks
麻花fried twisted stick
炒面Chaomian
叉烧包steamed bun with roast pork
粥porridge
芋头taro
葱油饼pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion
有关春节的常用词
放鞭炮let off firecrackers
耍龙灯play the dragon lantern
耍狮子play the lion dance
拜年pay a new-year call
二、有关“介绍”的翻译
•我很高兴向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日。

→I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays.
表示“介绍情况”时，我们可以这样翻译：
1.to share with you brief information
•在此，我愿意向朋友们介绍这些方面的情况。

→I'd like to share with you brief information in this respect.
2.to brief you on
•借此机会，我愿意向各位朋友介绍中国加入世贸组织和参与经济全球化的有关情况。

→I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to brief you on China's accession to WTO and participation in economic globalization.
3.to give a brief account of
•我简单介绍我厂的情况。

→Let me, first of all, give you a brief account of this factory.
•在来宾们参观我校之前，请允许我简要介绍一下我校的概况。

→Before you start to look around, I would like to give you a brief account of our school.
4.to tell us how/what
•请主席先生介绍一下中国农村扶贫运动的情况。

→Will Mr. Chairman tell us how the anti-poverty drive is going on in China?
5.to show you
•我想向您介绍一下我们初步拟定的活动日程。

→I would like to show you our tentative itinerary.
6.to provide sb. with some information
•借此机会，向各位介绍上海经济发展和开展国际经贸交往的一些情况。

→I’d like to take this opportunity to provide you with some information about Shanghai’s economic development and its foreign trade.
7. share a piece of my mind
三、实考题分析
中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。

Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality. In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.
例如，我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。

那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。

For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.
中秋节是观赏满月的日子。

圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。

因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness, and family reunion. The special food of the day is the yuebing, a round moon cake.
春节是中国的农历新年，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.
温总理答记者问精彩语录
一个领导者应该把眼睛盯住前方，把握现在，思考未来。

As a leader, his eyes should be on the way ahead, his energy should be focused on the present at the same time he should be thinking of the future.
天变不足畏，祖宗不足法，人言不足恤。

One should not fear changes under the heaven and one should not blindly follow old conventions and one should not be deterred by complaints of others.
苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之。

（温总理五年前立下的誓言）
One should uphold his country’s interest with his life, he should not do things just to pursue his personal gains and he should not be evade responsibilities for fear of personal loss.
如果我们的国家有比黄金还要贵重的诚信、有比大海还要宽广的包容、有比爱自己还要宽广的博爱、有比高山还要崇高的道德，那么我们这个国家就是一个具有精神文明和道德力量的国家。

If China can have a level of credibility and integrity that is more precious than gold, if China can be more receptive and inclusive than the ocean, if China can have fraternity rather than love for oneself, and if China can have an ethical standard higher than the mountains, I believe this country will have the moral strength and also will become a country with advanced cultural development.
民之所忧，我之所思；民之所思，我之所行。

What people are concerned about preoccupies my mind, and what preoccupies people’s mind is what I need to address.
为了国家的富强，为了社会的公平正义，为了让人们幸福快乐地过得更好，为了让孩子们上好学，为了使我们的民族在世界赢得应有的尊严，我愿献出我的全部心血和精力。

To ensure this country to become stronger and more prosperous, to build a society of equity and justice, to ensure the people live a happy life, our children can go to school and our nation is duly respected in the international community, I'm willing to dedicate myself wholeheartedly to this cause.
所谓“中国政府灭绝西藏文化”是一派谎言。

Claim of China’s "cultural genocide" in Tibet nothing but lie.
用人民的钱为人民谋利益。

（有关财政体制改革）
use people's money to serve people's needs
我相信13亿人民微笑着面对世界，全世界人民也会微笑着对待中国。

（有关北京奥运会）
I have confidence that the smiles of 1.3 billion people in front of the world will be
reciprocated by the smiles of the people from all over the world.
周虽旧邦，其命维新（《诗经》）；如将不尽，与古为新（《诗品》）。

（有关解放思想）
Although Zhou was an ancient state, it had a reform mission; only innovation could ensure the growth and vitality of a nation.
题目: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a Composition entitled The Prevalence of Western Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1.我国某些传统节日受到冷遇，而西方节日却日益升温;
2.形成这种现象的原因;
3.你对这种现象的看法。

[范文]：
The Prevalence of Western Holidays Many young people in China today prefer Western holidays to traditional Chinese festivals. Christmas is now celebrated by the younger generation all over China, and it has become especially popular as a romantic holiday for boyfriends and girlfriends or young married couples. Valentine's Day is also extremely popular, and even Halloween is being celebrated now.
This phenomenon has actually developed quite naturally in recent decades due to our educational system's focus on English study and therefore on English-speaking cultures. To many students, Western
culture has become a symbol of self-expression and freedom from restraint. Celebrating Western holidays has become a way for students to express their love of something different from traditional Chinese culture, and to have fun together with their own generation.
In my opinion, it's fine for students learning English and studying English-speaking cultures to celebrate Western holidays with their teachers and classmates. However, the way I see it, unless the young people later go abroad to live in those cultures, there is no reason for them to continue to celebrate them. We Chinese should hold on to our traditional festivals, the festivals which we have celebrated for centuries.
题目：食品安全
Food Safety
1. 食品安全问题令人担忧。

2. 对此，你有什么看法(可从蔬菜、水果滥用农药、激素方面分析)?
[示例范文]
Currently, many problems concerning the safety of food have popped up. As for me, I believe at least three factors account for this issue.
First, I observe that profits drive many food producers to commit illegal things. They aim to gain more money at
the expense of consumers’ health. Second, the overuse of agricultural pesticide has resulted in the degradation of food quality. The excessive pesticide bears enormous health hazard for people. Furthermore, some food producers inject hormones into domestic animals so as to make them grow more quickly and thus they can turn in more profit. As a result, people’s health has been seriously disturbed.
All in all, food safety is such a great concern, and we all should do establish laws and implement them effectively to avoid producing toxic foods.
[作文点评]
首句直接点题，词组pop up指弹起，这里指食品安全突然间成了一大社会问题。

文章第二部分从蔬菜生产商、水果滥用农药及激素方面阐释了食品安全问题的根源。

Observe除了有观察之意，还可以表示某人的观点;动词commit后面通常接违法或伤害性的事情，如commit a crime, commit illegal things, commit suicide等等。

“以消费者的健康为代价”除了使用at the expense of 还可以使用at the cost of 或者ignoring。

另外，在表达同一意思或相近意思时，此文避免了一词多用，而是采用不同的单词或词组，如劣质食品使用了problems concerning the safety of food, the degradation of food quality和toxic foods。

最后一段再次点题，并提出了万能解决方案之一，即政府和相关单位要制定法律法规。

♢2013年大学英语四级作文题材训练之反对盗版。