专八英美文学常识整理(综合版)

British Literature

1.450-1066Old English

a)Beowulf(7th-8th)头韵alliteration

1.Pagan heroism&Fatalism&Christian

2.Poem

3.Scene:Denmark

2.1066-1485Medieval Age French/Latin

a)Caedmon(610-680)the earliest English poet

1.Caedmon’s Hymn

b)Bede(673-735)Father of Historiography英国史学之父

1.Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum

c)King Alfred(848-901)Wessex Father of English Prose

1.Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

d)William Langland(1332-1400)

1.Piers the Plowman

e)Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400)

Father of English Poetry;

1st to use Heroic Couplet英雄双行体;

Poet of Westminster Abbey

1.The Canterbury Tales24stories

2.The Romaunt of the Rose翻译的发过作品

3.The Legend of good Women

4.The House of Fame

f)The Gawain-Poet(无名诗人)

1.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(1360-1370)头韵alliteration

g)Sir Thomas Malory(1405-1471)

1.Le Morte d’Arthur(The Death of Arthur)(1470)第一部关于亚瑟王传奇故事的英语散文作品3.14th-17th Renaissance Humanism;Poetry&Poetic

drama

a)Thomas More(1478-1535)Humanist

1.Utopia

b)Philip Sidney(1554-1586)the complete man

1.Astrophel and Stella被认为是伊丽莎白时代除莎士比亚外最好的十四行诗

2.The Defence of Poesie(or Apology for Poetry)最早英语散文之一

c)Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)Poet’s poet;Spenserian Stanza

1.The Faerie Queene Allegorical work dedicated to Queen ElizabethⅠ

2.The Shepherd Calendar

d)Francis Bacon(1561-1626)唯物主义；现代科学；1st English essayist

1.Essays58篇

2.The Advancement of Learning

3.The New Instrument

e)Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)greatest of the pioneers of English Drama;most gifted of

the“university wits”;blank verse

1.Tamburlaine人性对权力的渴求

2.Te Tragical History of Doctor Faustus人性对知识、幸福的渴求

f)William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Ben Johnson:was not of an age,but for all time

i.154sonnets:first126addressed to the young nobleman;later28to Dark Lady

ii.4tragedies:Hamlet;King Lear;Othello;Macbeth

edies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream

As you like it

Merchant of Venice

Twelfth Night

Much Ado About Nothing无事生非

The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记

iv.Tragicomedy:Romeo and Juliet

v.Chronicle Play:

1.亨利六、四、五、八世

2.理查德三、二世

3.凯撒

4.Cleopatra克莉奥帕特拉

vi.Miracle Play:

1.Pericles

2.Cymbeline

3.The Winter’s Tale

4.The Tempest

g)Ben Johnson(1572-1637)Forerunner of classicism;first Poet Laureate

1.Every Man in His Humour个性互异

2.Song:To Celia英语中最有名的爱情诗之一

3.Volpone

4.The Alchemist炼金术士

h)John Donne(1572-1631)Metaphysical school of poetry奇特的比喻

1.Songs and Sonnets best known poem collection;Love主题

2.The Flea

3.The Sun Rising

4.The Holy Sonnets

5.Death,Be Not Proud

6.Go and Catch a Falling Star

7.A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning

i)John Milton(1608-1674)1st to use blank verse in non-dramatic works

1.Paradise Lost12books;from Old Testment;a revolt against God’s authority

2.Paradise Regained New Testment;how Christ overcame Santa

3.Samson Agonistes poetical drama;Book of Judges士师记

4.Defence of the English people

5.Second Defence of the English People

4.Mid17th-18th Neoclassical Period early17th:Age of Milton;late17th:Age of

Dryden

Poetry

Metaphysical poets:17th初受John Donne

影响

a)John Dryden(1631-1700)Father of English Criticism、桂冠诗人

1.All for Love

2.Alexander’s Feast

3.An Essay of Dramatic Poesy使其成为当时最杰出的批评家

b)John Bunyan(1628-1688)英国文学史上首位小说家

1.The Pilgrim’s Progress成名作religious allegory