英语可数名词的单复数

英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：

①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map →maps,boy→boys,horse→horses, table→tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

some和any的用法：

some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)

some用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？) any一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)

any用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来

other、the other和another的用法：

other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又

一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others

are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下

唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had

several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经

吃了好几块蛋糕了,你真的还要一块？)/ I want

another four books.(我还要四本书)

another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上

增加用another。如：This is one of your socks. Where

is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？)/

I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经

吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要一块。)

others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”

(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。

如：A few students are playing soccer while others are

watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在

观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others

are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他

人都围着他们坐着。)

who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语

中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用

whom。如：

Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？)/ What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？)

2、who和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、

which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如：Who is that man?(那男的是谁？)/ What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？)/ Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句)

注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)

→Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)

3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：

People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨)→Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)

4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：

Whois (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？)/What is that? (那是什么？)/ Whatare those?(那些是什么？) / Whatcolours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)

基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。

1、英语中常用的基数词有：