(2020年整理)美国概况考试复习资料 问题及简答.doc

1. How many states in the US?
50states
2. Which is the largest state in the main land? Texas
3. Which is the largest state in the whole country? Alaska
4. The youngest state of the US
Hawaii
5. How many colonies? The name of three parts.
13
New England
Middle Atlantic States
South Atlantic States
6. Try to describe the location of America. Northern Hemisphere
North pacific
Gulf of Mexico
North Atlantic Ocean
Mexico Canada
7. Three division geographically.
Highlands
Plain
Mountains
8. The backbone of the America. - The highest peak. Rocky & Mount Mitchell
9. The father of the water.
Mississippi River
10. The great lakes
Superior River
Michigan River
Huron River
Erie River
Ontario River
11. Crater Lake – The Deepest
12. The highest peak outside Alaska
Mount Whitney
13. The capital city of America & the famous river in Washington D.C Washington D.C & the Potomac River
14. The largest city in the US & the famous river in New York
New York & the Hudson River
15. The Melting Pot
It is metaphorically used to refer to the United States because it is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World to seek for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethic cultures toward some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot” of the United States and gradually forming a new nation.
16. The first colony
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (W ASPs)
17. The first west people
Anglo Saxon
18. The largest ethnic-racial minority group
African-American
19. The freedom of black people
Lincoln & Emancipation of Declaration in 1863
20. Hispanics refer to
Spanish
21. The Constitution
Was framed in Philadelphia in 1787 and ratified in 1789.
This is the first constitution in the world.
22. Check and balance
The Constitution follows two principles:
the federal system &
the “separation of powers.”
Two principles: federal; state principle for local
Three divisions:
23. The position of President
Commandeer-in-chief
Head of state
Chief executive
24. The power of president
The President has a veto power over bills passed by Congress.
The President has the power of appointing as many as thousands of officers.
The President has the power to conduct foreign affairs.
The President can make executive agreements with other countries without the approval of the Senate.
25. The power of congress
Congress has the power to make any laws that are considered “necessar y and proper.”
Congress has the power to impose taxes, decide the expenditures of the government, control trade with foreign nations, and establish and protect a monetary system.
Congress has the power to raise and maintain an army and a navy and declare war upon other countries.
26. Departments
Speaker of the House of Representatives 众议院长
President pro tempore of the Senate参议院临时主席
Secretary of State国务卿
Secretary of the Treasury财政部长
Secretary of Defense 国防部长
Attorney General 司法部长；最高法院院长
Postmaster General 邮政总长
Secretary of the Interior 内政部长
Secretary of Agriculture 农业部长
Secretary of Commerce 商业部长
Secretary of Labor 劳工部长
27. Five steps of Presidential Election
1.Primary (from February to June of the Election Year)
This is the election of delegates to the national conventions of the two parties.
2.The National Conventions
(in July or August)
Tasks:
To discuss and accept the party platform
To choose the presidential and vice presidential candidates
3.The Election Campaign
(from September to November)
4.The Election Day
(On the first Tuesday after the
first Monday in November in
an election year)
5.Casting the Electoral V ote
(the first Monday after the second Wednesday of December in an election year)
28. The significance of discovery of new world.
Positive effects:
Widen people’s horizon
Opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie
Promoted the development of commerce, sea navigation and industry, and provided the way for the rapid development of early capitalism Passive effect :
After the discovery of the New World, the European powers sent many explorers to the new continents and they began to compete against each other in occupying the New World.
29. The May Flower Compact
Mayflower Compact was the plan of government sighted on the Mayflower by 41 English settlers off Cape Cod, on November 11, 1620, before landing and founding their settlement at Plymouth. The Mayflower Compact was a plan for a democratic society, and was a model for later colonies; its ideas lie behind (为某事的理由) the US Constitution of 1789.
30. The cause of the French Indian war
(1756-1763) Britain began to compete with France over the fur trade in the Ohio Valley
The result: The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ended the French and Indian
War and forced France to relinquish to Great Britain all her lands extending westward to the Mississippi River.
31. 1774 - First Continental Congress
The first Continental Congress assembled in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia
55 representatives from all the colonies except Georgia
The motto of the colonies was “No taxation without representation.”
32. Shock in Lexiton
33. the significance of Independence War: The American revolution was an event of great historic importance:
It gave the colonies their right to national independence and assured US capitalism of a free development.
The direct social change brought about by the Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.
It was the first large-scale revolutionary movement of the colonial people against national oppression for political and economic emancipation. Its victory greatly encouraged the people in the Latin American colonies ruled by the Spanish and other colonies in the world.
33. The Second Continental Congress 1775
In May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress was held with representatives from all 13 colonies, which lasted throughout the whole war.
34. Civil War
i: The Background of Civil War:
①The Territorial Expansion
②The Economic Expansion
③Economic Antagonism between the North and the South
④Disputes over Slavery
ii:6 Steps of the Territorial Expansions：
①the Treaty of Paris
②The Louisiana Purchase
③occupied Florida
④Mexican-US War (1846-1848)
⑤Oregon Region from England
⑥The US purchased Alaska and Aleutian Islands from Czarist Russia (沙俄) in 1867.
iii. Method: purchasing, war and invasion
iv. Result: By the mid-19th century, the size of the US was 10 times larger than the total area of the original thirteen states. By the late 19th century, the United States had finished its territorial expansion in the Continent.
v. Influence: the land expansion brought huge disaster to Native Americans. However, the west territory was developed during this period and the expansion promoted the development of American economy. Otherwise, the contradiction would be more incisive between the North and South.
35. the Civil War
1. The causes of the War:
In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed.
The Origin of Slavery
Conflicts Arising from Slavery
2. Anti-Slavery Movement
3. Process of the Civil War:
The War broke out on April 12, 1861 and ended on April 9, 1865.
①the battle of Bull Run
The Union was beaten.
②the battle of Chancellorsville
the Union forces suffered a severe defeat.
③the battle of Gettysburg
The Union forces won a great victory at Gettysburg and this greatly encouraged the Union army.
④the battle of Mississippi
The Union forces won an almost uninterrupted series of victories.
4. Consequences of the War
Significance of Civil War:
▪To preserve the Union
▪To solve the agrarian problem
▪To destroyed the feudal slavery-plantation system
▪To develop American capitalism at a higher speed after the war
▪To be called the Second American Bourgeois Revolution
▪Not to emancipate the Negroes completely
35. Spanish America War
Result: occupied the colony of Spain
Cuba belong to US
Significance: new stage
Modern
36. Roosevelt New Deal
Destroy agriculture
Launch public
37. The definition of Ivy League
8 private universities
38. Which is the capital city of Canada?
Ottawa
39. Which is the biggest city of Canada?
Toronto
40. How many provinces in Canada?
10 and 3 territories
①Yukon Territory
②Northwest Territory
③Nunavut
④British Columbia
⑤Alberta
⑥Saskatchewan
⑦Manitoba
⑧Ontario
⑨Quebec
⑩New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Newfoundland
41. How many parts in Canada? The structure of Aboriginal people.
First Nations ≠Canada’s Aboriginal peoples
Canada’s Aboriginal peoples: First Nations .Métis. Inuit
42. The capital city of Australia?
Canberra
43. The largest city in Australia
44. Describe the location of Australia
45. How many parts in Australia and their capital city.
①Western Australia Perth
②Northern Territory Darwin
③South Australia Adelaide
④Queensland Brisbane
⑤New South Wales Sydney
⑥Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Canberra
⑦Victoria Melbourne
⑧Tasmania Hobart
46. National bird in Australia
Emus
47. National bird in New Zealand.
Kiwi
48. The name of two main islands and the capital city of them
South Island & north Island
49. The largest city in the whole country, in the north island
50. National flag.
Union Jack & South Cross.
51. The native people in the New Zealand.
Maries。