英美概况复习总结(英国部分)

Iberians (3000BC-2000BC) the Stonehenge in Wiltshire

The Beaker Folk (2000BC)

The native Celts (700BC)

Roman Britain (55BC-410AD) three invasions:55BC by Julius Caesar failed;

54BC by Julius Caesar failed (the invasion marked the beginning of English recorded history for his diary)

43AD by the Emperor Claudius,and driving many of the native Celts into mountainous Scotland and Wales (built the Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall against Scotland;Roman civilization; slave society)

The Anglo-Saxon (446-871) there Germanic ethnic tribes:

The Jutes from today’s Denmark (first landed in the country Kent )

The Anglos(mid-6th century) just took possession of the whole England

The Saxons established kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex)

597 St.Augustine and his conversion of Archbishop of Canterbury from Rome

Wessex(829-1066)

829 Egbert king of it and England ended Heptarchy,united the seven kingdoms

8th-10th centuries invasion by the Vikings and Danes from North Europe

871 Alfred the Great built a naval force “the Farther of the British Navy”

1016 EdmundII,the Witan chose Canute,the Danish leader,as king of England ,three generations 1042 Edward had spent most of his life in Normandy, built Westminster Abbey

1066 HaroldII against William in Hastings

The Norman Conquest and the House of Normandy(1066-1135)

Originated from the Vikings’swooping down and other Northern from Scandinavia Peninsula into the northern of France. They captured Paris in 845 and settled in their country in 912.

1066 William crowned in Westminster Abbey, built the Tower of London

1085 Domesday Book

Establishment of feudalism,government system

The house of Blois(1135-1399) Plantagenet dynasty

HerryII(1154-1189) reform in Great Council (the chief one ,called Lord Chancellor, is now the head of the English judicial system, Present of the Upper House of Parliament ); the emergence of common law; church courts,failed.

RichardI crusader inherit the king of England and the duke in France(the Hundred Years’war) John (1199-1216) 1215 the Great Charter

HenryIII the beginning of parliament

EdwardI England conquered Wales.1284, the Statue of Wales placed Wales under English land the Hundred Years’War (1337-1453) EdwardIII(Duke and Garter)-RichardII

The Black Death (1348-1349)

EdwardIII 1351 the govn issued Statute of Labourers to limit the freedom of peasants

RichardII 1381the govn imposed a flat rate poll tax→the peasant uprising(Wat Tyler) Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales