英美概况 英国和美国习题
英美概况练习题
美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．New York City 2．_____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A．the U.S. President George Washington B ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．form5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．Texas D ．Montana7．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack 8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nation B．Population C．sizeD．none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A．France B．Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
美国英美概况练习
美国概况练习I. Term explanation1. The War of Independence(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3) In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4) In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at Y ork Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2. Boston Tea Party(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists. (2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3. the First Continental Congress(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders. They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4. The Declaration of Independence(1) The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights. (2) Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence. It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights. It declared that all men were equal and they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. (3) The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy. (4) The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor. More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5. American Constitution(1) The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world. (2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government. It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6. The Bill of Rights (USA)(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made. This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”. (2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7. The New Deal(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2) Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA (The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8. The Great Depression(1) On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New Y ork Stock Exchange. Share and other security prices collapsed. (2) By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed. Industrial production was cut in half. Farm inc ome had fallen b y more than half. Wages had decreased 60 percent. New investment was down 90 percent. As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed. (3) Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy. (4) Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II. Please answer the following questions briefly.1. What are the four crown colonies during America colonization? (T extbook: Page 152.)2. What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America? (T extbook: Page 158-160)3. What are he four causes for American Civil War? (T extbook: Page 167-170)4. What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal? (T extbook: Page 187-188)5. What are the five fundamental features of American political system? (T extbook: Page 209)6. What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution? (T extbook: Page 210)7. What are the five constitutional roles of American president? (T extbook: Page 213)8. What are the three important characteristics of American economic system? (T extbook: Page 228)。
英美概况复习题1答案
英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。
7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。
8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
答案：玫瑰。
11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。
12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。
13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。
15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。
16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。
17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。
18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。
答案：《星条旗》。
《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）
《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。
第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。
课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。
2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。
第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。
2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。
第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。
答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。
2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。
第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。
2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。
结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。
本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。
大一英美概况试题及答案
大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。
《》之英美概况简答题完整版
UK I1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?•the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandits short term :UK: the United Kingdom2.What are the other names?•Great Britain ,its short term: G.B. GBBritain, England,3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?Great Britain and Ireland4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?Britain: England, Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland5.What’s its respective capital（首府）?•England: LondonScotland: EdinburghWales：CardiffNorthern Ireland: Belfast.6.What’s the national anthem?God Save the Queen/King7.What’s its national flower?Rose8.What’s its national flag?The Union Jack9.What’s its nickname?J o h n B u l l.UK 21.What kind of country is Britain in terms of its geographical feature?2.Which river is most important in Britain?3.Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?4.What’s the climate like in Britain? Why do British people talk about weather veryoften?5.What are the symbols of England?6.Can you list some landmarks of London?7.What are the symbols of Scotland?Keys:• 1. An island country• 2. The Thames River• 3. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea inthe east.• 4. Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot.• 5. The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard, Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag , Big Ben• 6. Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge•7. Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan, Whiskey, Bagpipe, golf UK 31.Tell some symbols of Wales?2.Tell some symbols of Northern Ireland?3.Talk about some famous people in different parts of UK.4.The British are mainly made up of _____, ____, _____, and ____.5.Describe the character of the British people briefly.6.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welshand Irish?7.How many stages are British history divided into during the formation of the nation?How long is it?8.What are the stages specifically?9.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ________.10.Christianity was first brought to England by ________.Keys:● 1. Saint David, Cardiff, Prince of Wales, Eisteddfoudau, Castles● 2. The Lough Neagh, The Giant’s Causeway● 3. William Shakespeare William WordsworthRobert Burns Catherine Zeta-Jones William Butler Yeats Seamus Heaney● 4. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland● 5. They are generally reserved /conservative in manners, dress and speech. Theyare famous for their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense ofhumour.6.The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxonswhile the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish are Celts7. 5 stages.I. Prehistoric Britain 5000 BC (the early settlers of Britain---the Iberian )II. Roman Britain 43 ADIII. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V. Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 10668.This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That is, from 5000 BC to 1066AD.9.Iberians10.RomansUK 41. The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ____. Iberians2. Christianity was first brought to England by ________. The Romans3. Who were the invaders during the fifth century?The Angles and the Saxons4.Do you know the Norman conqueror’s name?William the Norman5. The Parliament became a regular agency of the government under ________.Edward I6.Why was the War of Roses so called?Because the war was between he Lancastrians, whose symbol was a red rose, and the Yorkists, whose symbol was a white rose.7. Why was “Glorious Revolution” so called?The revolution (1688) was glorious because it was bloodless.8. Who was the first prime minister in English history?Sir Robert WalpoleUK 5• 1. What is the basis of the British government?• 2. Who is the head of the country?• 3. Who is the present sovereign of the UK?• 4. How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they?• 5.What is the president of the House of Lords called?• 6. What are the two major parties?•7. Who presides the cabinet?•8. Who has the real power in the country?•9. Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?•10. Where does the Prime Minister live and work?•Keys:• 1. constitutional monarchy• 2. a queen or a king• 3. Elizabeth II• 4. Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons• 5. Lord Chancellor• 6. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party•7. the Prime Minister•8. the Prime Minister•9. David Cameron•10. No.10, Downing StreetUS 1•. How do you know about the different names of USA?• 2. What’s its national flag?• 3.How do you know the meaning of its national flag?• 4. What’s the nickname of American people?• 5. What’s its national anthem(国歌)?• 6. There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 itemsKeys:1.the United States of America;US; U.S. USA; U.S.A2.The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, The Starry Banner3.The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States ofAmerica. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union.4.Uncle Sam5.The Star-Spangled Banner 《星条旗永不落》US 21.Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary ?2.How large is it?3.What’s its rank respectively all over the world concerning to its area and population?4.How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?5.And which two states are geographically separated from the other?6.What is the capital of the US?Can you say some of itstourist attractions? 4 or more7. 2 of the most important mountains of the US are__________ and ________.8.“Father of Waters” refers to __________ River.9.The _______ River has been called the American Ruhr(德国鲁尔河) .10.______ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.The Rio Grande River(格兰德河) The Mississippi RiverThe Ohio River The Columbia River11.The 5 Great Lakes are_______, ______, _________, ________ and _______.12.How many geographical regions is it divided into?13.What are the major cities in USA?Keys:1. The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states. The Continental United States stretches 4,500km from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the westIt borders_Canada on the north and reaches south to Mexico and Gulf of Mexico2. The U. S has a land area of 9. 3 million square kilometres.3. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia，Canada and China.It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.4. 485.Alaska and Hawaii6. Washington D.C.U.S. Capitol, Washington Monument, Civil War Memorial; Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial7. Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains8. “Father of Waters” refers to the Mississippi River.9. The Ohio River has been called the American Ruhr .10. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the UnitedStates.11. The 5 Great Lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.. 12. It is divided into 7 geographical regions.1) New England 新英格兰地区2) Atlantic and Gulf Coast Plain大西洋和海湾平原3)Appalachian Mountain Belt阿帕拉契山区4)Interior Lowlands沿岸低地5)Rocky Mountain Belt落基山区6)Southwest西南地区7)Pacific Coast太平洋海岸地区14.New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Houston, Boston, DetroitUS31.What’s the climate like in USA?2.Why is USA called a melting pot?3.Why is USA called a nation on wheels?4.What are American people like in terms of the character? who’s who 名人录in America (presidents, writers, scientists, actors oractress and so on. )Keys1．4 kinds of climate on the continental USA1）The north-eastern part of the country has a humid continental climate（湿润的大陆性气候）.2）The south-eastern United States has a humid subtropical climate. （湿润的亚热带气候）3）The Pacific northwest has a maritime climate海洋性气候)4）The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a Mediterranean climate （地中海式气候）with warm, dry summers and moist winters.2. The melting pot means that people with different cultural and ethnical backgroundsimmigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.3. Cars are an important part of life in the United States. The car made the United Statesa nation on wheels. 1 in 5 Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new jobopportunity, a better climate of other goals.4. American characterrespect of individual rightsreligious tolerancea strong spirit of individual enterpriseUS 3• 1. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.• 1. England / the Netherlands• 2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.• 2. black slaves• 3. According to American historians and specialists in demography人口学, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.• 3. four4. In ______, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called ______.4. 1620, Mayflower5. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, ______5. White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.US 41. The inhabitants prior to the arrival of the Europeans are now called____________. Native Americans2.____________________________________ is commonly regarded as the discoverer of America. Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator3. The first successful English settlement in America was ____________ in 1607. Jamestown4.On ____________, in the Second Continental congress, ___________________________ was declared, which was primarily written by ______________-___.July4, 1776, The Declaration of Independence,Thomas Jefferson5. The first president of the United States was _________________ under the new US Constitution. George Washington6. In 1803, the United States paid $15 million to buy 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi from France, this is called _____________. Louisiana Purchase7. In the year _______, after ______________ was elected President, the South seceded to establish a rebel government, _______________. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, The Confederate States of America8. The _________________ was the beginning of the __________________ in the late 1920s and 1930s. President Roosevelt’s (FDR) _______ measures was to ________________________.stock market crash, Great Depression, New Deal, save American democracy and the capital system9.The United States declared war against Japan after its surprise attack on____________-_ on December 7,1941.Pearl Harbor10. The United States dropped two atomic bombs on ________ and Nagasaki in August 1945, thus hastened the unconditional surrender of Japan.Hiroshima11. After WWII, the United States became one of the two dominant_____________, and the _____________ began.Superpowers, Cold WarUS 51.W h a t i s c a l l e d f e d e r a l i s m?T h e d i v i s i o n o f p o w e r b y a c o n s t i t u t i o n b e t w e e n t h e c e n t r a l g o v e r n m e n t a n d s t a t eg o v e r n m e n t.2.W h a t i s S e p a r a t i o n o f P o w e r s?I t m e a n s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l d i v i s i o n o f p o w e r s a m o n g t h e l e g i s l a t i v e,e x e c u t i v e a n d j u d i c i a lb r a nc h e s.3.C a n y o u t e l l t h e t w o h o u s e s t h a t m a k e u p t h e A m e r i c a n C o n g r e s s?H o w m a n ym e m b e r s i n e a c h h o u s e?T h e H o u s e o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s(435m e m b e r s)a n d t h e S e n a t e(100m e m b e r s)m a k e u p t h e U S C o n g r e s s(l e g i s l a t u r e).4.T e l l t h e t w o m a j o r p a r t i e s i n t h e U.S.a n d t h e i r s y m b o l s.D e m o c r a t s&R e p u b l i c a n sD e m o c r a t s–d o n k e yR e p u b l i c a n s–e l e p h a n t5.W h a t i s a n e l e c t o r a l c o l l e g e?A g r o u p o f p e o p l e(e l e c t o r s)c h o s e n f r o m e a c h s t a t e a n d D.C.t o f o r m a l l y e l e c t t h e P r e s i d e n t a n d V i c e P r e s i d e n t.6.W h i c h p r e s i d e n t a b o l i s h e d s l a v e r y i n h i s t e n u r e?T h e16t hp r e s i d e n t--A b r a h a m L i n c o l n.7.W h o i s t h e o n l y p r e s i d e n t s e r v i n g m o r e t h a n t w o t e r m s i n A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y?F r a n k l i n R o o s e v e l t.8.W h o i s t h e f i r s t b l a c k A m e r i c a n p r e s i d e n t?B a r a c k O b a m aU K L I t e r a t u r e1. Who is the greatest dramatist in English history? List at least four of his major works.William ShakespeareThe Merchant of V enice; Hamlet; Othello; KingLear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet…2. Which play is regarded as a milestone inShakespeare’s dramatic development? “To beor not to be: that is the question”is the line inthe play.Hamlet3. What makes Shakespeare so famous?His great understanding of human nature and hisability to find universal human qualities and to putthem in dramatic situations.4. What makes a play a masterpiece?The ideas behind the play are about problems whichare still important to people of different ages inmodern times.US LIterautre1. What do you know about some important writers inAmerican literature? List at least four.Mark Twain; Earnest Hemingway; Irvin Shaw; O’Neil2.List some masterpieces of Mark Twain and Earnest Hemingway.Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ,Earnest Hemingway: The Old and the Sea, The Sun Also rises。
英语国家概况课后题
英语国家概况课后题摘要：一、英语国家概况概述1.英美两国的历史背景2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度二、英国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点三、美国概况1.历史发展简述2.地理位置及气候特点3.政治体制及社会制度4.经济状况及产业结构5.文化教育及著名旅游景点正文：一、英语国家概况概述英语国家概况主要涉及英国和美国两个国家。
这两个国家具有深厚的历史背景，独特的地理位置和气候特点，以及各自的政治体制和社会制度。
在这部分，我们将对这两个国家进行简要的概述。
二、英国概况英国，全名“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”，位于欧洲西北部，由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个部分组成。
英国是一个具有君主立宪制政体的国家，现任君主是伊丽莎白二世女王。
英国气候多样，但总体上属于海洋性气候，四季分明。
英国的经济以服务业为主，特别是金融、教育、旅游等产业具有较高地位。
在文化教育方面，英国拥有世界一流的大学，如牛津、剑桥等，吸引了全球众多学子前来求学。
著名旅游景点包括白金汉宫、大本钟、伦敦塔桥等。
三、美国概况美国，全名“美利坚合众国”，位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋。
美国是一个民主共和制国家，实行总统制。
美国的气候同样多样，但大部分地区属于温带大陆性气候。
美国是全球最大的经济体，拥有高度发达的工业、农业和服务业。
美国在科技、金融、航空航天等领域具有领先地位。
在文化教育方面，美国拥有众多世界顶级大学，如哈佛、耶鲁、斯坦福等。
著名旅游景点包括自由女神像、大峡谷、黄石国家公园等。
以上就是对英国和美国这两个英语国家的概况介绍。
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美国1．美国一共有多少个州？ 50个和一个哥伦比亚特区(District of Columbia)，其中有2个海外州北美洲西北部的阿拉斯加(Alaska)和位于中太平洋北部的夏威夷 (Hawaii)。
2．在美国所有的宗教派别中，新教教徒最多。
3．美国的气候是属于什么样的气候？冬冷夏热的大陆性气候4．美国本土的地形上东部和西部各有什么山脉？东面。
有阿巴拉契亚山脉(Appalachian Mountains)，西面有落基山脉(Rocky Mountains)5．美国的地理位置？位于北美洲中部，东濒大西洋，西临太平洋，北面以北纬49°和五大湖与加拿大为界，南联墨西哥，东南隔墨西哥湾与西印度群岛遥遥相望。
本土和中国的纬度基本相同。
6．简介密西西比河。
1）美国的主要河流，也是北美最大河流，全长6,262公里，是世界上最长的河流之一它纵贯美国中部大平原，向南注入墨西哥湾，滋润美国41%土地——众河之父；2）NBA联盟划分东西部赛区；美国编剧协会也以此河为界；3）美国航空公司票价也依次为界。
4）密西西比河沿岸州多为摇摆州。
7．五大湖。
1）从西到东依次是苏必利尔湖(Lake Superior)、密执安湖(Lake Michigan)、休伦湖(Lake Huron)、伊利湖(Lake Erie)和安大略湖(Lake Ontario)；各湖之间有水道相通，最后经由安大略湖，汇经圣劳伦斯河注入大西洋。
2）为世界最大的淡水湖群，有“美洲大陆地中海”之称8．伊利湖湖和安大略湖之间尼亚加拉瀑布9．美国最干燥,最热的地方？加州的死谷10．美国一半的电力是靠何种方式取得。
火力发电取得的。
11．美国的石油产区主要分布在何处？集中在得克萨斯(Texas)、路易斯安那(Louisiana)和俄克拉何马(Oklahoma)三个州。
12．美国国旗是星条旗英文为the Star-SpangledBanner. 13．帝国主义阶段后对外进行战争侵略政策的起点是哪次战争？美西战争14．“大棒政策’是谁提出的？西奥多·罗斯福15．“金元外交”是谁提出的？威廉·塔夫脱16．美国历史上第一次大规模的罢工运动？ 1877年，宾夕法尼亚州境内爆发了铁路工人大罢工17．五一国际劳动节争取到了何种权利？八小时工作制的权利18．“饥饿总统”指那位总统？胡佛19．接替共和党人胡佛的是谁？民主党人富兰克林·罗斯福20．珍珠港事件1941年12月8 日(珍珠港Pearl Harbor当地时间为7日)，日本帝国主义用偷袭手段，袭击了美国在太平洋的主要海军基地珍珠港，炸沉、炸伤美军各种舰艇40余艘，击毁美军飞机300架，死伤美军达4，500多人，停泊在珍珠港的美国太平洋舰队几乎全军覆没。
美国长期扶植日本帝国主义，玩弄远东慕尼黑阴谋，结果搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
至此，美国被迫参加了反法西斯战争，太平洋战争爆发。
21．美国社会中最大的群众性组合是以宗教团体形式出现的各种各样的教会。
22．教会何以会成为美国社会的“网络中心”呢？•1。
移民国家的国情有着直接的关系。
•2。
教会的作用。
• 1）初到美国的移民；• 2）也为社会提供了大量的志愿者、社会慈善服务力量、社区领导、选举参与者等等；• 3）传统的价值观和公认的道德准则得到了发展，个人与社区的诸多需求得到了满足。
•a)这与美国主要是一个由移民组成的国家的国情有着直接的关系。
在美国早期的历史上，初到美国的移民惟有通过宗教才能保持他们的文化和传统，才能融入社会。
道德与价值、社会联系、人际之间的相互信任与合作、社团之间的交往与帮助、移民文化传统的继承等，都是以教会和以教会为核心的网络而实现的。
教会在帮助个人的同时，也为社会提供了大量的志愿者、社会慈善服务力量、社区领导、选举参与者等等。
通过教会，传统的价值观和公认的道德准则得到了发展，个人与社区的诸多需求得到了满足。
b)经过长时间的发展，教会以一种极其自然的方式变成了民间最主要的社会网络中心、社会资本的重要基地。
千百万隶属于各种各样宗教团体的美国人，不论其社会经济背景如何，在参加宗教组织和宗教活动的同时，一方面从教会得到了实实在在的具体的帮助，特别是得到了其它任何组织都无法提供的归属感、安全感和精神慰藉，另一方面也为教会增加了社会资本。
c)参与宗教活动或加入教会组织，对美国人来说除了出于对宗教神学或教义本身的精神信仰需求外，更多的往往是对教会在教徒日常生活中所能发挥的独特作用的现实考虑。
i：教会成立各种委员会和特别工作组开展各种社会服务，他们为无家可归者提供吃住，举办宗教学习班，建立唱诗班，为新移民提供帮助等等。
这些由教会举办或赞助的活动使人们得以改善自己生活的小环境。
ii：就一个地区而言，教会是社区的中心，是获取社会资源的最佳途径，是社交兴趣、规则和技巧的孵化器。
参加这些活动的结果往往会导致教徒参加更广泛的各种非宗教的组织与活动（例如选举投票等政治性的活动）并获得更多的社会关系。
23. 什么为黑人提供了独一无二的社交机会和平等的社会参与机会？教会24. 教会与宗教团体汲取资源的主要方式？1) 持续不断地开展募集捐款和招募志愿者的活动。
2) 一部分用于教会与宗教团体自身的宗教发展外，其余由宗教组织经过整合，结合自己的组织网络资源和开展社会服务的历史传统，投放到各种慈善公益事业项目中，这就是宗教团体对其社会资本的使用。
25. 简单说明什么是美国文化? 美国文化是以个人主义为核心、以基督宗教为主流、以种族关系为基础、以多元化为特色、以大众文化为主宰的文化。
26. 什么是WASP？WASP是英文White Anglo—Saxon Protestant的缩写，意思为“盎格鲁一萨克逊白人新教徒”，其含义是指美国人认定自己的民族是以白人、英裔人、新教徒这3个特征为标志的。
也就是说，在WASP 思想流行时代，这3个特征是美国人的民族认同标准，或者~WASP文化是美国的主流文化。
27. Melting Pot 什么意思？“民族熔炉”28．美国教育的国策是什么？教育的多元文化主义39．美国教育体制的最大特色? “三全”(全民，全面，全程)教育30. 美国的私立大学最初是由谁来创办的？主要是由教会和其它宗教团体创立31．正规四年制的大学主要有哪些学校？文理学院、独立专业学院和综合性大学32．教师要在四年制高等学校任教通常必须获得何种学位？博士33. 美国学位体制采用的五级制？准学士、学士、硕士、博士和第一专业学位34．美国硕士学位分为哪两种？一种必须撰写学位论文，另一种不要求写论文，但对学分有更高的要求，同时还要进行口试和笔试。
35．外国学生要申请入学，特别是名牌大学，就必须参加美国高校规定的哪种考试？托福考试．36．美国的法律规定儿童必须几岁至几岁入学。
6-16岁37．美国的公立学校由政府税收支持，学生免费入学。
38．“国家荣誉学会”1)“国家荣誉学会”，简称NHS，成立于上世纪20年代，如今不但遍及美国全国，连加拿大也被涵盖其中，学会分初中部和高中部，每年一评，获得其成员资格便意味着跻身于最优秀的中学生之列，这不但是一种骄傲，也是个人今后发展的一种资本。
2)NHS的评选有严格标准，章程上明确规定，入选的学生要在四个方面达标：学习能力、领导能力、社会服务意识和个人品性。
39．美国类似高考我们的高考的考试是什么考试？SAT40． 19世纪初，一些以美国为背景、美国人为主人公的作品开始出现，初具美利坚民族的特色。
欧文致力发掘北美早期移民的传说故事，他的《见闻札记》开创了美国短篇小说的传统。
库珀在《皮袜子故事集》中以印第安人部落的灭亡为背景，表现了勇敢、正直的移民怎样开辟美国文明的途径41．以爱默生为首的超验主义者为了据弃加尔文教派“以神为中心”的思想，吸取康德先验论和欧洲浪漫派理论家的思想材料，提出人凭直觉认识真理，因而在一定范围内人就是上帝。
这一派思想的出发点是人文主义，即强调入的价值，反对权威，祟尚直觉，主张个性解放，打破神学和外国教条的束缚，对美国作家产生不小的影响。
42． N.霍桑的《红字》等以早期清教为背景，重在刻划人性中隐秘的恶。
43．斯托夫人的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》，林肯称她为“发动了一次战争的小妇人”。
废奴文学在文学史上也是19世纪现实主义创作的先声。
44．美国19世纪的民主精神在惠特曼的《草叶集》里得到充分发挥。
45．马克·吐温的创作活动持续近50年，代表作是《哈克贝里·费思历险记》46．心理分析小说家亨利·詹姆斯出身高贵、深受欧洲文化影响的亨利·詹姆斯是描写上层资产阶级精神面貌的代表作家。
他的风格高雅、细致，讲究表现形式，与粗犷、诙谐、富于生活情趣的马克·吐温适成对比。
开创了心理分析小说的先河，他的作品，尤其是后期作品如《鸽翼》(1902)，不厌其详地发掘人物“最幽微、最朦胧的”思想与感觉，把“太空中跳动的脉搏”转化为形象。
在心理分析精微细致这一点上，詹姆斯达到前所未有的境界，为小说艺术的表现力开辟了新的途径。
47．迷惘的一代第一次世界大战结束几年之后，对这次战争的厌恶情绪开始在文学上有所反映。
“迷惘的一代”的作家大多参加过这次战争，他们普遍有一种被欺骗、被出卖的感受。
他们不再相信虚伪的道德说教，而以玩世不恭的生活态度来表示自己的消极抗议。
“迷惘的一代”的代表作是海明威的《太阳照样升起》(1926) ,F.弗茨杰拉尔德的《了不起的盖茨比》反映爵士时代（20年代）人们的醉生梦死。
有些作家没有赶上参加战争，如“爵士时代的歌手”菲茨杰拉尔德，他的情绪是和“迷惘的一代”相通的。
海明威、菲茨杰拉尔德等作家唱出了幻灭的哀歌。
48．“垮掉的一代”50年代沉闷的政治空气使许多青年感到窒息，他们以颓唐、放纵的生活方式来表示自己的抗议。
其中有些人把这种生活与情绪写入文学作品，这便是“垮掉的一代”文学。
这种文学发展到60年代后，在国内民主运动高涨的背景下，增加了一些政治色彩。
但是对他们中许多人来说，东方宗教与东方哲学更具有吸引力。
“垮掉的一代”在诗歌创作方面较有生气，并恢复了美国诗歌朗诵的传统。
49．“黑色幽默”美国现代文学流派，主要流行于60年代中后期， 1965年，B.J.弗里德曼将其中12位作家的作品编为一本短篇小说集，题名《黑色幽默》，流派的名称由此而兴。
50．犹太人文学犹太人文学作品一般都具有古老的欧洲文化与现代的美国文化的双重色彩，两种文化的冲突与归并使犹太人文学增加了复杂性。
宗教思想与同胞遭到屠杀使犹太作家产生犯罪感与负疚感，历史的命运又使他们有流浪感与漂泊感，美国的异化社会也使他们感到找不到归宿。
因此，寻找“自我本质”便成为他们的作品中一个突出的主题。