最新版西方文明史精品课件Chapter 7 Scientific Revolution

RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650) 笛卡尔
Significance
of Doubt The Deductive Method Father of “analytical geometry” 解析几何
ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) 牛顿
A great
synthesizer Blends inductive and deductive methods Argues for a universe governed by natural laws
THE INFLUENCE OF NEWTON’S THEORY
The theory demonstrated that the universe is governed by laws instead of divine will and the laws could be understood by human mind.
CHAPTER 7
“Dare to Know!”: The Scientific Revolution
CAUSES OF THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Medieval
Intellectual Life and Medieval Universities The Italian Renaissance Renewed emphasis on mathematics Renaissance system of patronage Navigational problems of long sea voyages Better scientific instruments
Father
of the Scientific Revolution Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge New attitude toward natu来自百度文库e
RENÉ DESCARTES 笛卡尔
I think, therefore I am.
伽利略
Early
practitioner of the experimental method Mathematical formula for acceleration of falling objects His discoveries using the telescope
FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626) 培根
It gradually established men’s belief in natural laws and universal order as well as their confidence in human reason.
CONSEQUENCES
The
modern scientific method A universe ordered according to natural laws Laws discovered by human reason “De-Spiritualized” and demystified the Universe Mechanical View of the Universe Deistic View of God
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
(1473-1543)
哥白尼
Aim
to glorify God Sun-centered universe On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543) 《天体运行论》
GALILEO GALILEO (1564-1642)
THE ARISTOTELIAN UNIVERSE
Derived
from Ptolemy, Aristotle, and Plato Classical Writings “Christianized” Not rapid, evolved slowly through experimentation Not involve large numbers of people