高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法精选冠词

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精选冠词

一、分类

1．定冠词指的是the, 常常表示的是特指。

二、

He is the teacher we talked about yesterday。

2．不定冠词是a和an。其中a用于辅音（指的是音而不是字母）开头的词前，an用于元音开头的词。

An island, a small island, an honest man, a house, a university, 还应注意

He is a European. I got a one hundred.

3．特指和泛指

1．不定冠词表示"一"这个数量的时候，意思和one差不多。但one更侧重"数目"这一概念，如yesterday I bought one book, not two. 通常表示重量，长度，时间等词组。

The apples are two yuan a pound.

Give me a cup of tea. Twice a week, eight hours a day...

只可能在可数的单数名词前，不可能出现在不可数名词前。

I have a good idea. I have good news.

2．表示"某一个"。但是仍然翻译成"一个"。

At that time I was working in a factory.

A young man wanted to see you.

3. 表示"一类"，或"一类中的某一个"。

A dictionary is a book.

Do you have a pen?

There is a man standing in front of the bank.

I met a friend of yours yesterday.

4．首次提到的人或事物而且听者并不知道指的是哪一个的时候，前面必须用不定冠词；再次提到此人或此物时，由于听者已知知道指的是何人或何物时，必须用定冠词。

Yesterday I saw a dog. The dog was running after a cat. The cat ran into a hole. The hole was very small.

There was a king. The king had a man. The man could make gold out of stone.

Do you want to hear a story about an American, a German and a Polish.

5．首次提到的复数名词或不可数名词，不用任何冠词。再提到时必须用定冠词。

He will give you information about hotels.

This house is made of wood.

6．首次提到的名词双方都知道其为何物的时候应用定冠词。

Open the door please.

We will go to the market to buy some CDs.

The earth moves round the sun once a year.

当表示世界上独一无二的东西时，sun, moon, earth, world, air, stars (星系)，应加上the.

7．定冠词加形容词表示一类。比如the poor/rich/deaf/blind/dead...谓语动词用复数。如：The rich are not always happy

8．当有形容词或从句来进行修饰的名词通常用定冠词。

Most of the books on the table are novels.

He is the doctor whom I told you of yesterday.

This is the city in which I live.

I live in a city far away from here. (听者不知道)。

You can ask the woman in front of you.

I saw a woman looking like your mother. (听者不知道是谁)

9．指人体的某个部位有两个表达方法。

The ball hit his eye. = The ball hit him in the eye.

He took me by the hand.

The stone hit him in the face.

【专有名词前冠词的用法】

1．一般来说在专有名词前不加冠词。

2．在一些地理名词前要加定冠词：江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾。

比如：The Yellow River, the Pacific (Ocean), the Alps, the Taiwan Strait, the Persian Gulf........

3．由普通名词和其他一些词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词：（国家名）the United States, the United Kingdom, (组织机构名) the No.4 High School , the white House, (建筑物) the Capital Theater, (报纸，会议.......) the New York Times, The Washington Post...但是一般来说这些专有名词前不加冠词：街道名，Wang Fujing street. 广场名(Tian Anman Square), 公园(Hyde Park)，车站机场(Beijing Airport), 大学(Peking University, 但是the University of Chicago)，外国人过的节日(Christmas, New Year's Day) ，但是the Spring Festival春节（中国的节日），杂志名称(Time时代周刊）。

4．在姓氏的复数形式前加上定冠词表示一家人。（谓语动词用复数）

The Smiths live upstairs.

【个别情况下的冠词】

1．三顿饭前不加冠词。但是在"adj.+餐名"或"餐名+形容词词组或从句的时候以及特指各种用途的宴席时应加上冠词。

He will be back after supper.

The dinner I had yesterday was terrible.

2．四季一般没有冠词，担当表示特定的季节时应加上定冠词。

Leaves fall in autumn.

I was born in the spring of 1973.

3. 当以下的词被用作原来的目的时没有冠词：class, school, college, university, church, hospital, prison, market, bed, table, sea....... 如果这些词的意思时表示场所或建筑物本身时，用冠词。

He left school when he was 15 years old.

His father will go to the school to see his teacher.

They go to church every week.