省略与代替

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省略与替代

[日期：

2007-08-24]

来源： 作者：mmx

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10、省略与替代(Ellipsis and Substitution)

省略与替代二者有着紧密的联系，都是为了精简词语和避免重复，常常交替使用，从而使语言简洁明了，上下文联系更加紧密。

省略

I. 某一句子成分的省略 (I) Beg your pardon?

(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. We’ll do the best we can (do).

Only one of us was injured, and he (was injured) just slightly. Which of them is the better choice? ——Well, it’s hard to tell (i t). Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash (dishes) and you dry (dishes).

Is this your bike? ——Yes, it is (mine).

He’s a real man. ——Who is (a real man)?

If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty (of that firewoo d).

That letter was the last (I ever received from her).

II.多个句子成分的省略

(I’ll say) A word about your composition.

(It is) Interesting, isn’t it?

(Is there) Anybody in?

(Have you) Got a light?

How could you (say so)?

Why (do you) not go by bus?

Which is the best? ——The red one (is the best).

Have you finished the work? ——Yes, I have (finished it).

III.从句或整句省略

He paused as if (he were) expecting Jenny to speak.

When (she was) asked about it, she only smiled without giving any answe r.

It is easier to make a plan than (it is) to carry it out.

Do you like the film? ——Oh, (I like it) very much.

Shall I make a fair copy of it? ——Yes, (you can make a fair copy of i t) if time permits.

You would do the same (if you were in my position).

I asked her when she would leave, and she said she didn’t know (when s he would leave).

替代

I.名词性替代

名词性替代是指用替代词代替名词或名词词组。常见的名词替代词有代词，one/ones, the same, the kind, the sort等。如：

The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)

Today’s libraries are quite different from those of the past. (those =the li br aries)

I’ll have two boiled eggs, please. ——I’d like the same. (the same =two b oiled eggs)

II.动词性替代

动词性替代是指用替代词代替动词或动词短语。常见的动词替代词有do, do so等。如：

John speaks French as fluently as he does German. (does =speaks)

He said he would tell me the news, but he didn’t do so. (do so =tell me the news)

I like playing football. ——So do I. (So do I = I like playing football to o.)

Mary will enter the competition. ——So will Joan. (so =enter the competit ion)

III.句子替代

句子替代是指用替代词代替整个从句。主要替代词有so和not。如：

——Do you think he’ll come tomorrow?

——Yes, I think so. (so =that he’ll come tomorrow)

No, I think not. (not =that he’ll not come tomorrow)

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【内容导航】

第1页：动词的时态和语态第2页：虚拟语气

第3页：主谓一致第4页：形容词和副词的比较级、最高级

第5页：非谓语动词第6页：名词性从句

第7页：定语从句和状语从句第8页：独立结构

第9页：倒装第10页：省略与替代

录入：ljp

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