2019届高考二轮复习-英语 专题7：非谓语动词 Word班含解析

①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)
③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)
2.【2018·全国II】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】toimprove
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以连接且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
a reading room(＝a room for reading)
3．现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。
The question being discussed (＝which is being discussed) now is important.
4．过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。
(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3．非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词
(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
【解题思路】第一空考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后要加动名词doing作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。故填looking。第二空考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，用过去分词challenged作表语，表示“被挑战”。
4.【2018·全国III】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
3.【2018·全国III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】looking；challenged
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
2．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.
由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)
I have something important to say.(动宾关系)
HeHale Waihona Puke Baiduhas no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)
2．动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
【答案】to stay
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。此处为固定结构allow sb to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填to stay。
5.【2018·浙江】I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
不能帮助做某事
go on
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
【典例】
Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mothergood care of at home.
(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算)做某事
can't help
禁不住做某事
(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
2．非谓语动词作表语
4．现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。
The problem being discussed is very important.
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.
他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。
【典例】
Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. usedB. having usedC. usingD. use
【答案】to see;dying
【解题思路】前一空考查非谓语动词的不定式作目的状语。句意：你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。第二空考查动名词。句意：你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然可以通过跑步减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.
考点4非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1．非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.
2．不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。
The boy pretended to be working hard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。
Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.
【典例】
The NO.5 subway line，in October，2007，has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing．
I happened to have seen the film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
3．动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
We remembered having seen the film.
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
考点1非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。
【答案】visiting
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。此处为固定结构remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，动名词作宾语。故填visiting。
【答案】C
【解析】句意：像古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到它们的路。using是伴随状语。
考点2非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)
A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈在家被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。
考点3非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
1、语法填空
1.【2018·全国I】You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweightand still reduce your risk of___63___(die) early by running.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
A．openedB．was openedC．being openedD．to be opened
【答案】C
【解析】根据“has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing”可以推断出The NO.5 subway line已经建成，表示“已经发生的动作”应该用过去分词。