高一定语从句相关知识归纳整理、专题训练

定语从句专题

一．定语从句的意义

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 二、关系词的用法

关系词分为关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which

关系副词：when, where, why

who 人 主语，宾语 作宾语可省 关系代词和副词的选定取决于两个要点： 1.先行词是人还是物

2.关系代词或副词在定语从句中所充当的成分 （关系代词或副词在句中一定要充当成分）

whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人，物 定语 不可省 that 人，物 主语，宾语 作宾语可省 which 物

主语，宾语

作宾语可省

指代 所作成分 是否可省略 When 时间

状语 否 Where 地点 状语 否 why

原因

状语

否

1.关系代词的用法： 1)由who 引导的定语从句

关系代词who 只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如： A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.

The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars. This is the man who helped me. 2)由whom 引导的定语从句

关系代词whom 只能指人，是who 的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如： The man whom you met on the street is my father.

The woman (whom) you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

3)由whose引导的定语从句

关系代词whose在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：

This is the boy whose parents died last year.

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.

Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?

4)由that引导的定语从句

关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如：

She is the woman that often comes here.

The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.

I like the book that my uncle gave me very much

She is no longer the girl that she used to be.

He is no longer the man that he was

5)由which引导的定语从句

关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：

That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.

The book which she put on the table is about biology.

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.

2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点

1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who 而不用that。

①先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

②先行词为he, she, they, people, those时，宜用who。如：

Those who want to see the film sign up here.

He who doesn’t go to the Great Wall isn’t a true man.

③一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very

hard.

2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。

①当先行词是不定代词all，none，any, every，no，some，few，little，much，both，anything，everything，nothing等或被这些词修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which。如：

Everything we have seen in China is moving.

I have nothing that is worth reading.

This is all that I want to say at the meeting.

Have you any books that are worth reading?

②当先行词既指人又指物时。如：

The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.

Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.

③当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：

This is the very pen that I am looking for.

The only book I want to read is missing.

④当先行词前有序数词或最高级时。如：

You are the first person that I want to ask for.

This is the second book that I have ever written.

My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.

⑤在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：

Who was it that was lost? 究竟是谁迷路了？

What was it that you did last week?

⑥在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：

He is the student that I have ever seen who can jump highest.

⑦当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?

Which is the picture that impressed you most?

⑧在there be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：

There are two novels that I want to read.。