英语语法-代词
英语语法——代词
概说
用来代替名词，数词或上下文的词句等的词称为代词。可分为：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，相互代词和关系代词。
一.人称代词
表示人称的代词叫做人称代词。人称代词既可指人、也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。
人称代词的用法
1.人称代词的主格通常作主语，宾格通常作动词的宾语、介词的宾语或表语等
They want to go to the shopping mall.
The dog bit him.
They took good care of us.（介词宾语）
If I were him, I would take her advice.(表语）
2.人称代词单独使用时通常用宾格而不用主格。
--I’d like to stay here for another week.
--Me,too.
3.人称代词做主语的排列顺序
二．物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1.形容词性物主代词用法：可作定语相当于形容词
I love my work in the hospital.
2.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，可用作主语、宾语和表语
Ours is a socialist country.
I didn't borrow her dictionary. I borrowed his.
Whose pencil is this?－It is hers.
She is a friend of mine=She is a friend of my friends.
三.反身代词
表示主语发出的动作反射到施动者本身。
用法:
1.在句中作宾语，表语，同位语
Please help yourself to some lea.
The girl is too young to look after herself.
You will be yourself again soon.
Bob is not himself today.
2.在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，作"亲自"、"本人"解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句子末尾。
You yourself said so.你自己是这样说的。
The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。
I fixed the window myself.这窗户是我自己装的。
3.常用短语
dress oneself 自己穿衣come to oneself 恢复知觉devote oneself 致力于enjoy oneself 过的快活
excuse oneself 为自己辩解explain oneself 说明自己的意图feel oneself 觉得正常forget oneself 忘我、失态
help oneself to 随便吃、随便用hide oneself 把自己藏起来make youself at home 不受约束pride oneself on 自夸say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下talk/speak to oneself 自言自语teach oneself 自学for oneself独自地、亲自四.相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。可用作宾语和定语
五.指示代词概说
表示"这个this"、"那个that"、"这些these"、"那些those"等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词,另外such、so如此的，如此的事物，the same同样的，同样的事物也可作指示代词。
用法
1.指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语
This is a plane.
Oh，it's not that.
How do you like these?
This book is about Chinese traditional medicine.
指示代词this，these，that，those的其它用法
1)This (these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如：
This is a sickle and that is an axe.这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。
These days are cold.这些天很冷。
In those days the poor people had a hard time.在那些日子里，穷人生活很苦。
2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：
I had a bad cold. That's why I didn't come.我伤风很厉害，所以我没有来。
Those two statements are not true.那两种说法是不真实的。
What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning English.
我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。
3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：
The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)
The county's grain output of 1981 was double that of 1970.
这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grain output)
Television sets made in Nanjing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替television sets)
4)This和that有时作状语用，表示"程度"，意谓"这么"和"那么"。如：
The book is about this thick.那本书大约有这么厚。
I don't want that much.我不要那么多。
5）打电话时this 表自己，that表他人。
This is Li Ming speaking.Who is that?我是李明你是哪位？
6）It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。
Who is it?――it's me.是谁?--是我。
Oh, it's you，Lao Wang.哦，是你呀，老王。
2.such和same也是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作：
1)定语
The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。
[注] such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在Such之后，如上面第一例。
2)相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)
The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)
Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么，就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)
His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语)
[注]注意在same之前一般须用定冠词the。
3.常见搭配
At this 一听/看到这个that is to say也就是说Is that so? 真的吗
That’s enough ！我受够了That’s it! 正是这样That’s all right没关系
六.疑问代词概说
"疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等，用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如：
Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)
Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语，但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)
Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)
What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语)
What did he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)
Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)
[注]疑问代词who，what，which等后面加单词ever，可强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。如：
What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?
Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找谁?
区别：
七.关系代词
用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词,这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分，可作主语、宾语、定语等；另一方面又起连词的作用。这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。
关系代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科大夫。(关系代词who在从句中用作土语，它的先行词是man)
He is the comrade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是comrade，whom在口语中一般可省去)
The old man whose son is in the navy used to be carpenter.儿子在海军的那位老人过去是个木匠。
(关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，先行词为man)
The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.我昨晚看的那部电影说的是一个年轻教师的事。(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语，先行词为film, which在口语中可省略)
This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，先行词为plane)
八.不定代词概说
不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词有：
some（something，somebody，someone),any（anything,anybody,anyone) ,no(nobody,nothing,no one) every(everything.everybody,everyone),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another, none, either, neither等
用法
1.不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
Both of them are waiters.他们俩人都是男侍者。
I know little about the novel关于这本小说我知道的很少。
I was interested in everything that the old man told me.我对于这位老人告诉我的一切都感兴趣。
That's all for today. class is dismissed.今天就讲这一些。现在下课。
This book is too much for me.这本书对我说太难了。
He has some English books.他有一些英文书。
[注]有些不定代词也可用作同位语和状语。如：
Wang and Li both made good progress.王和李两人都有很大进步。(同位语)
They all went to the Zoo.他们都去动物园了。(同位语)
Are you any good at mathematics?你数学好吗?(状语)
The meeting lasted some two hours.会议进行了两个小时左右。(状语)
some和any的区别：
some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句和疑问句.如：
I am looking for some paper clips.
Have you any paper clips?
I haven't any paper clips.
但是,如果说话人希望得到肯定的回答,这时疑问句中可用some.
Didn't you buy some paper clips the other day?
Have you some envelops?（说话人肯定听话人有）
some还可以用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句.如：
Will you lend me some books,please?（请求）
Would you like some sweets?（邀请）
no和none的区别
no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。
There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点)
They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)
none只能独立使用,只有名词性质，既可指人也可指物。在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语，表示三个或三个以上“都不”。
-Is there any sugar?--No,there is none.（用作代词，表示没有任何东西）
None of与不可数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数，与可数名词连用，谓语动词单复均可。
None of the money is left.
None of the train is/are going to London.
九.复合不定代词
由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。
2)复合不定代词的用法
a)复合不定代词只相当于名词，在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。如：
Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)
I have got nothing to say.我没有什么话要说。(作宾语)
something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。
-Have you anything to say about this question?
-No, I haven't anything to say. 或I have nothing to say.或Yes, I have something to say.
关于这个问题，你有什么话要讲吗?--我没有什么话要讲。(我有话要说。)
She told them something about her work.
b)复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词须放在它们的后面。如：
There is nothing wrong with the lathe.这个车床没有毛病。
Is there anything important in today's newspaper?
I need somebody strong to help me.
练习：
1.I have only two tickets for TF Boys’concert. ________ you ________ he can go on with me.
A.Either；or
B. Neither；nor
C. Both；and
D. Not only；also
2.Hurry up，kids！The school bus is coming. We have ________ time left.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
3.—Do you need an apple or a pear？—________，I really don’t mind.
A.Both
B. None
C. Either
D. Neither
4.The shoes don’t fit me. Would you please show me ________？
A. another pair
B. the other one
C. the other
D. another one
5. The man over there is ________ old friend. He is a policeman.
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
6.—I wonder if this smart phone is Mary’s.
—It ________ belong to her. ________ is totally different from this one.
A.mustn’t；Her
B. can’t；Her
C. can’t；Hers
D. may；Hers
7.Lucy’s strawberries are fresher than ________.
A.I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
8.—Can you make ________ understood in English？—Yes，I can.
A.yourself
B. you
C. yours
D. Your
9.Jane looked carefully at ________ in the mirror before going outside.
A.her
B.him
C.herself
D. Himself
10.There are enough cups for each visitor to have ________.
A.one
B. it
C. this
D. That
1.This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag.
2.Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.
3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s? ---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it?
4.Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack.
5.---Who taught your brother to surf? ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he).
6.Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England.
7.Mary’s answer is different from ________ ( I ).
8.---My watch keeps good time. What about _______(you)? ---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.
9.Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)?
语法-数词
在英语中，表示数量多少和先后顺序的词被称为数词。数词可分为两种：
1.基数词表示"多少"的词叫做基数词，如：one (一)，twenty(二十)，hundred(百)等。
2.序数词表示"第几"的词叫做序数词，如：first (第一)，twentieth (第二十)，hundredth(第一百)等。
基数词
用法相当于名词和形容词，可作主语，表语，定语，状语。
百/千a/one hundred/thousand 一万ten thousand 三万thirty thousand
百万million 十亿billion a man in his forties 一个四十几岁的男人
固定词组
hundreds of 成百上千；好几百thousands of 成千上万；好几千tens of thousands of 好几万hundreds of thousands of 好几十万dozens of 好几打;好几十scores of 大量
注意；当前面有数字时，不可以加s.
e.g. Thousands of people came to see Jay Chow’s concert this evening.
There are three thousand seats in this theatre.
three dozen bottles of wine 36瓶酒
They received dozens of letters from the readers.
序数词
说明：
1)英语序数词1-19除第一(first)，第二(second)，第三(third)有特殊形式外，其余均由基数词后加-th 构成。
2)有几个序数词加-th 时拼法不规则，它们是：fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth。
3)十位整数的序数词的构成方法是：先将十位整数基数词的词尾-ty 中的y变成i，然后加-eth.
4)基数词"几十几"变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。如twenty-one变成twenty-first。
5)序数词的缩写形式，由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：1st，2nd，3rd，4th，
31st，82nd，93rd，94th等。
用法
序数词在句中可用作下列各个句子成分：主宾表定。
The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个要好。
He was among the first to arrive.他是首批到达的。
China exploded its first atom bomb in October 1964.中国于1964年10月爆炸了第一颗原子弹。
His father died in the Second World War.他父亲在第二次世界大战中死去。
Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.杰克每天早晨总是第一个到办公室。
[注]序数词前面常用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰。
Do you know the third person in the first line?
若序数词前不加the,而是加a/an时，表示“又一......再一........”
You should go over it a second time.
分数、小数和百分数
1).分数的分子为基数词，分母为序数词。当分子大于一时，分母序数词用复数
1／2 one half 1／3 one-third 2／3 two-thirds 1／4 one-fourth或one quarter
3／4 three-fourths或three quarters 2 3/5 two and three-fifths.
2).小数
0.5 zero point five；1.25 one point two five；3.458 three point four five eight.
3）.百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成，百分号(%)读作percent
0.6% — zero point six percent 5% — five percent 500% —five hundred percent
年、月、日表示法
1)年代前用in。如：
(in) 897读作(in) eight hundred and ninety-seven
(in) 1961读作(in) nineteen sixty-one (或in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)
2).月份月份开头第一个字母须大写，表示"在某月"时，月份前面用介词in。下面月份后附有缩写式。(in) January Jan.一月(in) April Apr.四月
(in)February Feb.二月(in) May 五月
(in) March Mar.三月(in) June 六月
(in) July 七月(in) October Oct.十月
(in) August Aug.八月(in)December Dec.十一月
(in) September Sept.九月(in)November Nov.十二月
3).日期用序数词(前面须用the)表示；"在某日"，前面用介词on。如：
(on) the first 一日(on) the eighteenth 十八日
4).某年某月某日
in September 1954 (读作in September nineteen fifty four)1954年9月
On May 17，1960(读作on May (the) seventeenth nineteen Sixty )，1960年5月17日
On October 1, 1949 (读作On October (the) first，nineteen forty nine)1949年10月7日
[注] the twenties，the thirties等可用来表示"几十年代"。如in the nineties of the last century(在上一世纪的九十年代)。
时刻表示法
1)英语表时刻其前用at。如：
We get up at six (或at six o'clock).我们六点起床。
They begin work at eight.他们八点开始工作。
2)如说"几点几分"，则用下列方法表示：
a)表示"几点过几分"，用介词past，但分数须在半小时以内(包括半小时在内)。如：
eleven past seven七点过十一分
a quarter past eight 八点一刻
half past nine九点半
b)表示"几点差几分"，用介词to，但分数须在半小时以上(不包括半小时在内)。如：
two to seven七点差两分
a quarter to eight八点一刻
eighteen to nine九点差十八分
金钱表达法
金钱整体算单数Five million dollars is a lot of money.人民币￥复数不加s
4.50元four yuan fifty fen
英镑￡9.35镑nine pounds thirty-five pence(单数penny)
美元＄19.20美元19 dollars 20 cents
编号
the second part= part two
the ninth lesson= Lesson Nine
page 10 读作page ten
No.10 Downing Street 唐宁街10号
Attention: 电话号码与门牌号码中的零读作“oh” 如Room 401读作room four oh one
数学算式表达法
倍数表示法
1.A +is…times+ as+ adj.原级+as +B
2. A +is…times+ adj.比较级+than +B
3. A +is…times+ the size/length/height/width/depth /amount +of + B
4.The size/length/height/width/depth/amount...+of+A+is...times that of +B/what从句注意倍数要放在前面，也就是在as…as之前。
这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍大。（这个桌子比那个桌子大两倍。）
This table is 3 times as big as that one.
This table is twice bigger than that one.
This table is 3 times the size of that one.
今年的产量是2006年的4倍
The output of this year is 4 times that of 2006.
The output of this year is 4 times what it was in 2006.
倍数的两种变形
倍数+ as many + n. (/C/ pl）+ as
倍数+ as much + n. (/U/)+ as
I have twice as many (books as you do.) I ate three times as much (food as you did.)
选择
1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809
B. 1809, February 12
C. 1809, 12 February
D. February 1809,12
2.A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old
B. ten years old
C. ten-year-old
D. fifth years old
3.An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.
A. two
B. the second
C. the two
D. second
4.Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.
A. 16
B. the 16
C. 16th
D. the 16th
5.Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?
A. two
B. the two
C. second
D. the second
6.The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.
A. in quarter past six
B. in a quarter past six
C. at quarter past six
D. at a quarter past six
7. There are ___ days in a year.
A.three hundreds sixty-five
B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five
D. three hundred and sixty five
8.The People's Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927
B. in 1927, 1 August
C. on August 1st, 1927
D. in August 1, 1927
9.. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
A. in his sixty
B. in his sixties
C. in sixties
D. in the sixty
10.This classroom is ________ ours.
A. three times big as
B. as three times big as
C. three times as big as
D. as big three times as
11.The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.
A. three
B. third
C. the three
D. the third
12.Which is the car that he drives? It's ________.
A. fifty two
B. the fifty-two cars
C. the car fifty four
D. the fifty-fourth car
13.Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
A. nine hundreds of
B. nine hundred
C. nine hundreds
D. nine hundred of
14.________ of them are dining at school.
A. Twelve
B. Twelfth
C. The twelve
D. the 12th
15.Five ________ two is three.
A. plus
B. minus
C. times
D. divided by
16.We have known each other for ________.
A. a year and half
B. a year with half
C. a year and a half
D. a year with a half
17.“What year is it?” “It's ________.”
A. nineteen hundred and ninety-seven
B. nineteen and ninety-seven
C. nineteen ninety and seven
D. nineteen ninety-seven
18.“What's the date today?” “It's _________.”
A. Tuesday
B. June Fourth
C. June the four
D. June the fourth
19.The train from Shanghai will arrive ________.
A. in quarter past six
B. in a quarter past six
C. at quarter past six
D. at a quarter past six
20.There are ________ stars in the sky.
A. million of
B. millions of
C. the million
D. a million of
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3. 物主代词的特殊用法 在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如： 我的一个朋友a friend of mine , 她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his. 三、反身代词 1. 反身代词的形式 2. 反身代词的句法功能 3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语 ① help oneself to 随便吃……② come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉 ③ dress oneself 自己穿衣服④ say to oneself 自言自语 ⑤ enjoy oneself 玩得开心⑥ lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于…之中，消失于 ⑦ teach oneself 自学⑧ look after oneself ⑨by oneself 亲自 learn……by oneself 自学…leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下hurt oneself 伤了自己make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束 四、指示代词
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一、选择题 1．When you come across new words in reading, it is not a good idea to in a dictionary at once. A．make up them B．look up them C．make them up D．look them up 2．—What do you know about bamboo? —Maybe bamboo has more uses than ________ in the world. A．any plant B．all the plants C．any other plant 3．—Hi, Jack. Is this your dictionary? —No. is over there. It’s a present from my uncle. A．Mine B．Yours C．My D．Your 4．-Whose CD is it? -Miss Lee always listens to music. It must be________. A．he B．she C．her D．hers 5．His name is James but he calls ________Jim. A．his B．himself C．him D．不填6．—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? —_______is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow. A．None B．All C．Both D．Neither 7．----Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi'an? ---- is OK. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 8．I’m surprised at the new look of hometown. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 9．— Would you mind my using your camera? —Sorry, there’s _______ with it. A．wrong something B．wrong anything C．anything wrong D．something wrong 10．Not ______that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced. A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 11．—Which do you prefer, coffee or tea. —_________, thanks. I’d like a cup o f tea. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None 12．As volunteers, they should do ______to help the children in trouble. A．nothing B．anybody C．something D．somebody 13．Do you have ___ready for the spring trip? No. I still have to buy some fruit.
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小学英语语法代词练习题及答案解析 1．I have a big brother. __________name is Paul. A. His B. Her C. He D. Your 2．﹣Are Sandy and Kate___ good friends？ ﹣Yes，they are．Please look after ___． A．your； their B．your； them C．yours； theirs D．you；them 3．——Excuse me. Is this your ruler? ——No, it’s not ______. It’s Lucy’s. A. hers B. his C. mine D. yours 4．“ Is this your schoolbag? ”“ No, it isn’t. It’s________.” A. he B.she C. his D. her 5．--- Is that girl Ann? --- No,_____ isn’t._____ name is Mary. A. it; Her B. he; Her C. she; His D. she; Her 6．Miss Li is ______ English teacher. She likes______ very much. A. our, we B. our, us C. us, our D. us, us 7．— Excuse me, is this Lucy’s book ? — No, this is ____. ____is over there .
初中英语语法知识—代词的全集汇编含答案(3)
一、选择题 1．Don' t you think _ _ necessary for friends to trust each other? A．one B．that C．those D．it 2．Did you buy ________ in the supermarket? A．anything delicious B．delicious anything C．something delicious D．delicious something 3．Some farmers ________how to feed chickens. A．taught I B．taught us C．taught she D．taught we 4．—Sonia, is this your dictionary? —Oh, no, it’s not ______. Ask Li Lei. He is looking for ______. A．me; hers B．mine; him C．my; her D．mine; his 5．Success comes from hard work. Lazy people can achieve . A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything 6．—When is your father’s birthday? —________ birthday is on April 2nd. A．He B．She C．His D．Him 7．—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? —_______is OK. I’m busy today an d tomorrow. A．None B．All C．Both D．Neither 8．Mr. Wang recommended me a few foreign movies, but ____was to my taste. A．all B．neither C．nothing D．none 9．—Shall we sit in the corner or by the window? —. I don’t mind. A．Both B．Neither C．No D．Either 10．I’m surprised at the new look of hometown. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 11．---Lisa, would you like to climb Yuelu Mountain with me tomorrow? ---I'd love to, but I have the driving test tomorrow. Let’s make it day. A．other B．another C．the other 12．I think ______ important to prepare more food for tomorrow’s party. A．that B．it C．this D．us 13．--The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. --But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by________. A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody 14．—Could you tell me how many classes you have on Friday afternoon? —___________. We can take part in activities in any club we like. A．Neither B．Either C．Nothing D．None 15．_____ in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
英语语法--代词
英语语法——代词与数词 代词 一.概说 定义：代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词： 1.1代词在句子中的功用 1)和名词一样，可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样，可作定语。如： I am reading The Arabian Nights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语) This is John Smith speaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰?史密斯。(作主语) Can I help you?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语) That's all.我的话完了。(作表语) 2)His father is an eye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语) All men are equal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语) 3)格的变化有些代词有格的变化，如I 我(主格)，me我(宾格)，Who谁(主格)，whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格，如whose谁的，other's别人的，somebody's某人的，one's一个人的。 4)单复数形式有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同，如one-ones，other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等，其复数形式与此不同，须个别记忆。 5)有或没有冠词代词之前一般不用冠词，只有少数例外。如：the other，the others，a few， a little等。 种类 1.2英语有下列几种代词： 1)人称代词(personal pronoun) a)主格：I，he，she，it，we，you，they. b)宾格：me，him，her，it，us，you，them. 2)物主代词(possessive pronoun)： a)形容词性物主代词：my，his，her，its；our，your，their. b)名词性物主代词：mine，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs. 3)自身代词(self-pronoun)：myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，oneself. 4)相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)：each other，one another.
小学英语语法：代词的讲解
博爱教育寒假语法：小学英语代词讲解 一. 代词的定义：用来代替名词的词叫代词。 二. 代词的种类： （1）人称代词：用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称、数（单、复 数）上与被指代的名词保持一致。 ★人称代词的基本用法： a. 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。例如：I am a worker. b. 人称代词的宾格在句子中作表语和宾语。例如：---Do you know her? ---Who is there? ---It’s me. （2）物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代 词。 ★物主代词的基本用法： a. 形容词性物主代词只能作定语。例如：This is her box. b. 名词性物主代词具有名词性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 例如：This classroom is not ours. It’s theirs. c. 形容词性物主代词位于所修饰的名词之前，根据名词的属性，数的变化而变化，而 不根据名词本身变化。 例如：I have my keys. I have their keys. （3）反身代词：强调的是某人自己。如myself, yourself, himself, itself 等。 （4）指示代词：表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示人或事物的代词就是指示代词。指示代词分为单数和复数两种。主要有this ，that ，these ，those 。 ★指示代词的用法： 指示代词在意义上有远近的差别。this/these指代近处的物体，that/those指代远处的物体。 例如：This is a car. That is a ship. （5）疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what，where等用于句首，引出特殊疑问句的代词。 （6）不定代词：不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。如some, any, all, both, every, much, many 等。 ★不定代词的用法： some和any的用法：两者都有“一些”的意思，some用于可定句中，any用于否定句 和疑问句中。但在表示请求，征求建议，邀请等意愿的疑问句中，当提问者希望对 方做出肯定的回答时，用some。 例如：We can speak some French. There isn’t any food in the fridge. （7）相互代词：只有each other 和one another两个，都表示“相互”的意思， 但两者有一定的区别。each other 表示两者之间的相互，one another 表示三者或三者以上的相互。
初中英语语法专项练习题之代词
初中英语语法专项练习题之代词 1 ( ) 1 Though it rained heavily, ____ were still playing on the playground. A. they B. them C. their D. themselves ( ) 2 Tom and ____ will go to see our teacher, for ___ is ill. A. I; she. B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her ( ) 3 Is___a boy or girl? A. she B. he C. one D. it ( ) 4 Only____know it. A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you 2 ( ) 1 I saw___ playing in the street at that time. A. them B. they C. their D. theirs 2 Jim will give____ a short talk tomorrow. A. we B. us C. our D. ours ( ) 3 Please ask____ not to skate on the thin ice. A. they B. them C. their D. theirs ( ) 4 The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself ( ) 5 Let me go and give the coat to____. A. he B. his C. himself D. him ( ) 6 They asked___ to do the work. A. you, he and I B. you, him and me C. I, you and he D. me, you and him 3 ( ) 1 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman. A. She B. This C.It D. He ( ) 2 -Who's that in the picture? A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I ( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -___ must be our English teacher. A. She B. He C.It D. This ( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be? A. one B. he C. she D. it 4 ( ) 1 ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot. A. That B. It C.This D. It's ( ) 2 What time is ____ now? A it B. all C. this D: that ( ) 3 ___ a heavy rain last night. A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is ( ) 4 ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car. A. There B. It C.This D. The place
02中考英语语法专题复习：代词的用法(知识讲解、巩固练习)
中考英语专题复习：代词的用法 【用法讲解】 1. 人称代词 人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，有人称、数和格的变化。 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称he, she, it him, her, it they them 人称代词的用法： 1）作主语（用主格） We all like maths very much. 我们都很喜欢数学。 2）作宾语（用宾格） Would you mind giving her a hand? 你能帮帮她吗？ I’m very pleased with it.我对它很满意。 3）作表语（口语常用宾格） Open the door, please. It’s me. 请打开门，是我。 注意： 两个或者两个以上的人称代词并列的时候，单数形式排列一般是：第二人称在前面，第三人称在中间，第一人称在后面。 如：You, he and I are all your father’s students. 我、你和他都是你父亲的学生。 复数形式的排列一般是：第一人称在前面，第二人称在中间，第三人称在后面。 如：We, you and they all go swimming after school. 我们、你们和他们放学后都去游泳。 如果表示承担错误和责任，一般把I最前面。
2. 物主代词【高清课堂：掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的形式 及基本用法。】 物主代词表示所有关系，它可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。 单数复数 第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 物主代词 名词性 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs 物主代词 名词性物主代词可以在句子中作主语、表语和宾语，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。 如：This isn’t my coat. Mine (=my coat) has been put in the classroom. 这不是我的大衣，我的（大衣）已经放在教室里了。 A student of his (= his students) has gone to America. 他的一个学生去美国了。 形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语，后面接名词。 如：This is my book. 这是我的书。 3. 反身代词 表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。 反身代词的构成是：第一人称和第二人称是“物主代词＋-self/selves”，第三人称是“宾格代词＋-self/selves”；单数形式是加-self，复数形式是加-selves。 重点记忆下面的短语： by＋oneself某人独自enjoy oneself＝have a good time 玩得开心 teach oneself 自学help oneself to… 随便吃、喝…… 如：Help ______ to some fish, children! 孩子们，随便吃点鱼吧。