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On Eugene Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
Benjamin
The Contents of This Presentation
1. 2.
1. 2. 3.
Brief introduction of Eugene Nida Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
Example:
“你难道没听见人说，‘嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随 狗’？ ——《红楼梦》 “Surely you know the saying— “marry a cock and follow the cock；marry a dog and follow the dog.” × marry a pig and follow the pig√
an American linguist, translation theorist Oklahoma, 1914 Ph.D. degree in linguistics at University of Michigan American Bible Society (ABS)
1. Brief introduction of Eugene Nida
3. Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
1. 2. 3. 4.
Lexical Equivalence Sentence Equivalence Passage Equivalence Style Equivalence
1. Lexical Equivalence
Develops the communicative translation theory put forward by Peter Newmark Emphasizes functional equivalence besides language meaning transform Carries out a descriptive research on translation Theoretical base: contemporary linguistics, communication theory, information theory and semiotics.
Example:
to teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs; to teach fish to swim 教祖母吸吃鸡蛋；教鱼游泳（direct formal equivalence） 班门弄斧；关公面前舞大刀（functional equivalence）
Example:
“If I slapped someone he’d see the way to Krakow.”
—Issac Bashevis Singer：Gimple the Fool
The sentence can be at least put into two versions 1)要是我给谁一巴掌，准会把他扇到克拉科去 2)要是我掴谁一把掌，他就会给打到西天去
2. Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
1. 2.
3.
Conceptions of Functional Equivalence Literal Translation and Functional Equivalence Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
Confused; to find the corresponding meaning in target language “tension builds up”
2. 张力在增大 3. 电压在增加
1. 形势紧张起来了
2. Sentence Equivalence
More complicated than lexical equivalence Nouns: number, gender and case Verbs: tense, aspect, voice
2. Literal Translation vs. Functional Equivalence
The first person to handle the disputable problem between literal translation and functional equivalence. Errors will arise, if we ignore functional equivalence, only taking literal meaning into consideration.
瞌睡啦！睡觉呀！
观者自酌
3. Conclusion
Popular for 60 plus years Employ his theory wittily and flexibly while translating Have a panoramic view on his theory; pay prior attention to connotative meaning of the source text
1. Conceptions of Functional Equivalence
First put forward in1964． Emphasis: the functional equivalence of information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text
Conceptions of Functional Equivalence Literal Translation and Functional Equivalence Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
3.
Conclusion
1. Brief introduction of Eugene Nida
Example:
bread and butter →“米线”与“烧饵块” × “How do you do?” “你好!”√
wenku.baidu.com
“你做得怎样?” × You are good！ × “Where are you going?” × “Have you eaten?” ×
C-E translation：你好！
Benjamin
The Contents of This Presentation
1. 2.
1. 2. 3.
Brief introduction of Eugene Nida Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
Example:
“你难道没听见人说，‘嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随 狗’？ ——《红楼梦》 “Surely you know the saying— “marry a cock and follow the cock；marry a dog and follow the dog.” × marry a pig and follow the pig√
an American linguist, translation theorist Oklahoma, 1914 Ph.D. degree in linguistics at University of Michigan American Bible Society (ABS)
1. Brief introduction of Eugene Nida
3. Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
1. 2. 3. 4.
Lexical Equivalence Sentence Equivalence Passage Equivalence Style Equivalence
1. Lexical Equivalence
Develops the communicative translation theory put forward by Peter Newmark Emphasizes functional equivalence besides language meaning transform Carries out a descriptive research on translation Theoretical base: contemporary linguistics, communication theory, information theory and semiotics.
Example:
to teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs; to teach fish to swim 教祖母吸吃鸡蛋；教鱼游泳（direct formal equivalence） 班门弄斧；关公面前舞大刀（functional equivalence）
Example:
“If I slapped someone he’d see the way to Krakow.”
—Issac Bashevis Singer：Gimple the Fool
The sentence can be at least put into two versions 1)要是我给谁一巴掌，准会把他扇到克拉科去 2)要是我掴谁一把掌，他就会给打到西天去
2. Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
1. 2.
3.
Conceptions of Functional Equivalence Literal Translation and Functional Equivalence Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
Confused; to find the corresponding meaning in target language “tension builds up”
2. 张力在增大 3. 电压在增加
1. 形势紧张起来了
2. Sentence Equivalence
More complicated than lexical equivalence Nouns: number, gender and case Verbs: tense, aspect, voice
2. Literal Translation vs. Functional Equivalence
The first person to handle the disputable problem between literal translation and functional equivalence. Errors will arise, if we ignore functional equivalence, only taking literal meaning into consideration.
瞌睡啦！睡觉呀！
观者自酌
3. Conclusion
Popular for 60 plus years Employ his theory wittily and flexibly while translating Have a panoramic view on his theory; pay prior attention to connotative meaning of the source text
1. Conceptions of Functional Equivalence
First put forward in1964． Emphasis: the functional equivalence of information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text
Conceptions of Functional Equivalence Literal Translation and Functional Equivalence Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
3.
Conclusion
1. Brief introduction of Eugene Nida
Example:
bread and butter →“米线”与“烧饵块” × “How do you do?” “你好!”√
wenku.baidu.com
“你做得怎样?” × You are good！ × “Where are you going?” × “Have you eaten?” ×
C-E translation：你好！