英语高考考点---名词的构词法及练习(有答案)

英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习（附答案）
构成名词常用的后缀（共有15种方法）
1. --- ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾，该y为i再加ness
happy(快乐的)----happiness（快乐）clever(聪明的)---- cleverness(聪明)
kind(善良的)----kindness(善良) polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)
2. ---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ity
Real（真实的)----reality(现实) popular(受欢迎的)-----popularity(受欢迎)
pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净) Possible（可能的)---- possibility(可能)
probable(大概)---- probability(大概的)
3.---ence e nt结尾的形容词变成名词改为ence
absent(缺席的)---- absence(缺席) different (不同的)-------difference(不同)
excellent(优秀的)-----excellence(优秀) patient(耐心的)----- patience(耐心)
4.--- ance/ancy带“－ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是－ance或－ancy后缀。

例如：
distant(遥远的)--distance(远处) important(重要的)---- importance(重要)
accept(接受)---acceptance（接受）disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)
5.---ment 动词+ment变成名词
develop(发展)---development(发展) enjoy(喜爱)----enjoyment(喜爱)
amaze(使惊奇)-----amazement(惊奇) excite(使激动)----excitement(激动)
argue(争论)---argument(争论) judge(判断)----judgment(判决)
6.--- ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词
collect(收集)----collection(收集) select(选择)----selection(选择)
act(行动)----action(行动) inspect(检查)----inspection(检查)
7.---ion 以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时，可以直接在其后加-ion
express(表达)----expression(表达) Discuss(讨论)------discussion(讨论)
impress(使.....留下印象)-----impression(印象)
8 .ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时，应该去掉不发音的e再加ion
educate(教育)----education(教育) liberate(解放)--- liberation(解放)
translate(翻译) - translation(翻译) graduate(毕业)-----graduation（毕业）
9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时，通常的做法是先将e改成a然后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei 会使这个词读起来上口)
admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕) recite(背诵)----- recitation(背诵)
prepare(准备)----preparation(准备) invite(邀请)-----invitation(邀请)
10 ---sion以de结尾的动词，在转变成与其对应的名词时，去掉字母组合de再加上sion
decide(决定)----decision((决定) divide（分开）-----division（分开）
provide(提供)----provision(提供) conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)
11. ---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词，在转变成与其对应的名词时，先将词尾t，然后再
加-ssion
admit（准许）----admission（入场费）permit（许可）----permission（允许）
12. ---hood
child(孩子)----childhood(孩童时期) neighbour(邻居)----neighbourhood(邻居关系)
mother(母亲)----motherhood(母亲的身份) brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系) 13.---ship
friend(朋友)---friendship(友谊) relation(关系)--relationship(关系)
scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者) citizen(公民)-----citizenship(公民身份)
14.---ing
feel(感到，摸)---feeling(感觉) build(建设)---building(建筑物)
meet(集合)-----meeting(会议) hear(听)----hearing(听力)
15.---th
deep(深的)----depth(深度) wide(宽的)----width(宽度)
long(长的)----length(长度) strong(强大的)----strength(力量，强度)
一、将下列动词转换为名词。

二、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。

1.. … more and more students would drop out of school if their
personal__________(safe) could not be guaranteed.
2.The best speed__________(eat) train their stomachs to expand.
3.I had no__________(choose) but to prepare for it, though.
4. Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm(重
新确认) the __________ (exist) of rules that need to be observed.
5. The students use a video game controller to direct its __________(move) in
the tank.
6.A farmer once organized a __________(compete) between his dog and his
rabbit.
7.Actually with my __________(confident) building up, I now turn out to be a
great speaker.
8. We are ready to face any __________(hard).
9. Just as the old saying goes,__________(honest) is the best policy.
10.They show great__________(anxious) about their retirement allowance.
11.I don’t think you are telling me the whole ______ (true) about what happened.
12. With knowledge and__________(wise), the old man is respected and loved
by the people.
13. The program will be of__________(significant) in the process.
14. He was awarded for his__________(brave) in the battle.
15.Her perfect__________(pronounce) attracted everyone present.
16.They charged for__________(admit) so we can’t enter
without__________(permit).
17. Everyone likes to work in pleasant__________(surround).
18.Success is not final and__________(fail) is not fatal. It is the courage to
continue that counts.
19.He celebrated the__________(arrive) of the New Year with a party for his
friends.
20.In a good__________(marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any
problems that arise.
三、高考真题演练，在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。

1.(2019全国1卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a_______(believe) that populations are increasing.
2.(2019全国Ⅱ卷）When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
3.This switch has decreased ___________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
4.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ____________ (weigh) problems.
5. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a_________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
6.This development was only possible with the ___________ (introduce) of electric--powered engines and lifts.
7. She is determined to carry on with her ____________ (educate)
8. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought me into her world,
a world of smiles,love and __________ (warm).
9.I took out my guidebook in which there was a lot of information about the city's well-known Tourist ____________ (attract) and started to read.
10.Qigong and acupuncture(针灸）are both designed to adjust the function of the body,release blocked flow of energy, and bring about a sense of ____________ (relax) and well-being.
11.It's not uncommon for a new friend or an acquaintance to come to a simple_______(conclude) after observing me that my Chinese husband, Jun, must have shown me how to use chopsticks
12. In Chinese folk tales, the lion has always been a symbol of ____________ (brave) power and good luck.
13. It is a perfect combination of color,shape, ___________ (appear) and flavor. Delicious and nutritious food has been regarded as the basics of ordinary life.
14.________ (aware) of dangers of pollution has resulted in more strict rules of
waste disposal.
15. He can be a good __________ (play)without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.
构成名词-------构成表示人的名词（共有8种方法）
1.---er表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人"
teach(教)----teacher( 教师) read(读)----- reader (读者)
village(村庄)-----villager( 村民) London(伦敦)Londoner（伦敦人）
2.---or表示"……者"
conduct(管理)-----conductor (管理者) visit(参观)-----visitor( 游客)
Educate(教育)-----educator(教育者) act(行为)----actor(男演员)
3.---ar
beg(恳求)----beggar(乞丐）lie（说谎)---- liar（说谎者）
Scholar(学者)
4.---ess表示女性
act(行为)-----actress(女演员) host(主人)------ hostess (女主人)
manager(经理)-----manageress(女经理) lawyer（律师）--- lawyeress（女律师）
5.---ese表示" ……国人，………地方的人“
China(中国)-----Chinese(中国人) Japan(日本)----Japanese( 日本人)
Canton(广东)-----Cantonese(广东人) Taiwan(台湾)-----Taiwanese(台湾人)
6.---ian……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人
Music(音乐)----musician( 音乐家) physic(医药)---- physician(内科医生)
Politics(政治)-----politician（政治家）history(历史)-----historian(历史学家)
7.---ist,表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者"
Science()-----scientist(科学家) social()-------socialist(社会主义者)
Novel(小说)------novelist(小说家) cycle(自行车)------cyclist(骑车人)
8.有时会直接用表示人的词构词，象-boy , -girl, -man, -woman,
Cow(牛)---cowboy(牛仔) sales(销售)---- salesgirl(女店员)
Sales(销售)----salesperson(推销员) post()---- postman(邮递员)
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词。

1.civil(平民的）→______(平民）
2. library(图书馆)→_______(图书管理员)
3.special(专门的）→______(专家）
4.violin(小提琴）→_______(提琴家）
5.tour(观光）→______(观光者）
6.art(艺术）→______(艺术家）
7.journal(报刊）→______(记者）8.account(账目）→______(会计）
9.assist(帮助）→_______(助理）10.act(表演）→_______(男演员）
11.direct(指导）→_______ (导演）12.edit(编辑）→_______(编辑）
13.sail(航行）→_______（水手）14.operate(操作)→______(操作员)
15.translate(翻译）→_____(翻译家）16.wait(等候）→→_______(男服务员）
英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习答案
一、将下列动词词转换为名词。

1.achievement成就、成绩
2.appointment任命，约定
3.astonishment 惊讶
4.equipment 设备，装备
ernment政府
6.argument 争吵；论证
7.action 行动，活动8.admission 承认，入场费9. attraction 吸引，吸引力
petition/competitor 竞争者，竞争11.contribution捐款，贡献
12.expectation预期；预料13.explanation解释14.repetition 重复，重做
15.admiration 羡慕，赞赏16.appreciation欣赏，感谢17.celebration 庆典，
庆祝18.graduation毕业19.hesitation犹豫20.invitation邀请
anization组织22.translation翻译23.decision决定24.discussion 讨
论25.permission允许，许可26.discovery发现，发觉27.recovery 恢复，复原28.approval 赞成，同意29.arrival 到达，到达者30.proposal提议；计划31.refusal拒绝，回绝32.survival /survivor 生存，幸存者33.coldness寒冷
34.awareness 意识35.kindness 善良，体贴36.weakness虚弱，软弱
37.loneliness 孤独，寂寞ziness懒惰，懒散39.cruelty残忍；残酷
40.disability 残疾，无力41.nationality国际，民族42.growth生长，成长
43.strength力量，体力44.freedom自由，自主45.boredom 厌46.confidence 信心，信任47.violence 暴力；强暴48.convenience便利49.distance距离，远处
50.significance意义，重要性51.accuracy准确性，精确52.privacy隐私，私密
二、在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。

1.safety
2.eaters
3.choice
4.existence
5.movements
petition
7.confidence 8.hardship 9.honesty 10.anxiety 11.truth 12.wisdom 13.significance 14..bravery 15.pronunciation 16.admission 17.surrounding 18.failure
19.arrival 20.marriage
三、高考真题演练。

1.belief
petition
3.pollution
4.weight
5.scientist
6.introduction
cation
8.warmth
9.attractions 10.relaxation 11.conclusion 12.bravery
13.appearance
14.Awareness 15.player
四、请根据下列词语写出与其相关的表示“人”的派生词。

1.civilian
2.librarian
3.specialist
4.violinist
5.tourist
6.artist
7.journalist
8.accountant 9.assistant 10.actor 11.director 12.editor 13.sailor 14.operator
15.translator 16.waiter。