英吉利海峡隧道-简介-中文英文对照

Channel Tunnel

英吉利海峡隧道

The Channel Tunnel (French: Le tunnel sous la Manche), also known by the portmanteau Chunnel[1], is a 50.5-kilometre (31.4 mi) undersea rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent in England with Coquelles near Calais in northern France beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. At its lowest point it is 75 m (250 ft) deep.[2] The Channel Tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, but the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both longer and deeper overall, at 53.85 kilometres (33.5 mi) and 240 metres (790 ft) respectively.

英吉利海峡隧道（法国称之为拉芒什海峡隧道），又称英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道，是一条横贯英法之间多佛海峡的海底铁路隧道，它西起英国的福克斯特（Folkestone）和肯特（Kent），东至法国北部加来（Calais）附近的考克莱尔（Coquelles），全长50.5km。英吉利海峡隧道最低点75m深，其海底部分为世界最长，总长度也仅次于日本的青函海底隧道，青函海底隧道长53.85km，埋深为240m。

The tunnel carries high-speed Eurostar passenger trains, Eurotunnel ro-ro vehicle transport and international rail freight trains. In 1996 the American Society of Civil Engineers identified the tunnel as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World.

隧道中运行的火车有“欧洲之星”高速旅客列车、装载公路车辆的区间列车、以及国际铁路货运列车。美国土木工程学会1996年称之为现代世界的七大奇迹之一。

Surveying undertaken in the 20 years before tunnel construction confirmed earlier speculations that a tunnel route could be bored through a chalk marl stratum. The chalk marl was conducive to tunnelling, with impermeability, ease of excavation and strength. While on the English side the chalk marl ran along the entire length of the tunnel, on the French side a length of 5 kilometres (3 mi) had variable and difficult geology. The Channel Tunnel consists of three bores: two 7.6-metre (25 ft) diameter rail tunnels, 30 metres (98 ft) apart, 50 kilometres (31 mi) in length with a 4.8-metre (16 ft) diameter service tunnel in between. There are also cross-passages and piston relief ducts. The service tunnel was used as a pilot tunnel, boring ahead of the main tunnels to determine the conditions. English access was provided at Shakespeare Cliff, while French access came from a shaft at Sangatte. The French side used five tunnel boring machines (TBMs), the English side used six. The service tunnel uses Service Tunnel Transport System (STTS) and Light Service Tunnel Vehicles (LADOGS). Fire safety was a critical design issue.

在隧道建设之前，进行了20年的勘测工作，勘测发现隧道线路将穿过一层泥灰质白垩岩地层。泥灰质白垩岩由于不透水、易于开挖，且具有一定的强度，因此有利于隧道的修建。隧道线路靠近英国一侧均为泥灰质白垩岩地层，而靠近法国一侧则存在一段长5km的复杂多变地层。英吉利海峡隧道由三条隧洞组成，其中两条为直径7.6m的铁路隧洞，长50km，两洞相距30m，另一条为直径4.8m的后勤服务洞，其处于两条铁路隧洞之间。另外设置有横通道和活塞压力调解洞。后勤服务洞也作为先导洞使用，以便在主洞开挖之前确定主洞的地质条件。隧道在英国一侧由莎士比亚陡崖（Shakespeare Cliff）进入，在法国一侧由位于桑加特（Sangatte）隧洞进入。法国一侧采用了五台隧道掘进机（TBM），英国一侧采用了六台TBM。后勤服务洞使用了服务隧道运输系统（STTS）和轻型服务隧道运输车（LADOGS）。消防安全是一个关键的设计问题。

Between the portals at Beussingue and Castle Hill the tunnel is 50.5 kilometres (31 mi) long, with