施工组织设计外文翻译
施工组织设计英文版Construction Scheme for Subgrade Works
CHINA HARBOUR ENGINEERING COMPANYLIMITEDConstruction SchemeRio Grande BridgeK0+150～K0+240soft foundationreplacement treatmentWriter:_______________ Chief: ____________Unit:_________________ Date:_________________Directory1.project profile ------------------------------------------------------------------ 32.Construction preparation ---------------------------------------------------- 33.Construction scheme --------------------------------------------------------- 43.1construction technology --------------------------------------------- 43.2construction process ------------------------------------------------- 43.3construction method ------------------------------------------------- 53.4 water ditch excavation ---------------------------------------------- 63.5 clearance and excavation ------------------------------------------- 63.6 backfill and rolling compaction ------------------------------------ 74. Personal and machine arrangement ------------------------------------- 84.1 labor arrangement --------------------------------------------------- 84.2 machine and equipment -------------------------------------------- 95.Quality control precautions ----------------------------------------- 106. safety and environmental protection precautions ------------------ 136.1 safety protection precautions ----------------------------------- 146.2Environment protection precaution ---------------------------- 171.project profileThe soft foundation of this project is K0+150-K0+340, the surface is plough soil, soft plastic sludge fine sands with the max thickness of 3.0m, and backfilled with min thickness 0.3m and width 70m and the final elevation should not lower than the original ground, the backfilling material should adopt water permeability material like gravel and roadbed should be filled directly after that with a thickness 2.3~7.5m.According to the engineer geology of soft layer and roadbed elevation in design, it should take a comprehensive dispose to soft section, including first excavation of vertically and horizontally drain ditch, surface water, and backfill the water permeability material.The main project quality is soft foundation excavation 5700m3 and water permeability material gravel 5700m3.2.Construction preparationIt should check the onsite or underground obstacles like underground cables, high-tension wire, communication cables and clear them out according to conditions.2.1“four supplies and one leveling ”Supply of water, electricity and road and leveled ground should be done on the construction site. The construction water, domestic water should adopt local well water; the construction and household power should be supplied by special line; the shortcut should be used as road and be sure that varies of cars and person can pass through with a regular maintenance to keep unblocked.2.2technology preparationThe construction drawings should be reviewed first and explained to the construction stuff after approval.2.3material preparationIt should investigate the backfilling material resources around and make storage to make sure the continual construction.3.Construction scheme3.1construction technologyReview the construction drawings design and relevant documents—construction preparation (store exchange fill water permeability material)—survey layout—drainage ditch set—soft soil and sludge removal—foundation check—exchange fill the water permeability material by layer—compact by layer3.2construction process3.3construction method53.1.1survey layoutThe control point should be retest and encrypted according to the design cross point to ensure the quantity of the lead wire point and level point, in that case the mutual check work will be more convenient during construction. The calculation of pile coordinates should be made according to the horizontal curve data in drawings, the layout will be made after checking the data and the location of roadbed mid-pile and side pile should be marked with a space 20m by lime.3.4 water ditch excavationFirst the drain water ditch should be excavated at the sides and middle of the roadbed to make sure that watering unblocked before soft foundation dispose and excavated at the soft section vertically and horizontally connecting with the geography elevation, as to some individual section, it should dewatering by the sumps in the soft foundation scope to make a advantage for subsequent soft foundation dispose.The location of soft foundation dispose and temporary drainage ditch layout please see below drawings:3.5 clearance and excavation3.5.1 The soft soil or sludge should be removed and bottom should be leveled. It should set a step or gentle slope if the bottom of the soft soil has a big curve. The excavation width should not less than the width of embankment and direct excavation and 50 cm wider than the side ditch border. After the soft foundation removed, the next process can only be carried on after the supervisor’s approval.3.5.2With the increment of the excavation depth, the drainage ditch should be deepened, the pit dewatering should be used for the sectionwhere has drainage difficult to protect the roadbed from soaking.3.5.3 It should be dewatered first when there’s a slope on the bottom, the foundation should be made as a counter-slope step with a more than 1m width after the soft soil removal.3.6 backfill and rolling compactionThe thickness of every backfilling layer should be less than 30cm and the process is as follow:After finish the soft bottom excavation and approved, the bottom should be leveled, back cover by qualified material with a thickness of 30~50cm and compacted by a degree above 85%.3.6.1 Layout: it should layout before the first layer backfill and marks the loose pavement thickness by lime and surveys elevation of every point for future use.3.6.2 Material transport: it should adopt the dumper car and excavator to transport the backfilling material and keep the construction road unblocked. Try to short the transport duration to ensure the excavator and roller can work continuity. It should level every layer backfilling material and set 2% transverse slope at both sides and roll timely especially in rain season. The roadbed should be backfilled by layer with a thickness of 30cm at one time.3.6.3 Spread, level and roll: the backfilling material should be leveled by bulldozer first and by person at difficult places. During compaction, it should notice the backfilling transverse slope and roll by vibroll after leveling. When rolling, it should along the longitudinal line from low to high level and fast followed by slow, from sides to middle at the straight section, from inside to outside at the curve section. First it should be rolled without vibration by 3.0~3.5km/h, then light vibrationby 2.0~2.5km/h and rolled with heavy vibration by 1.5~1.8km/h. The special person should be arranged to time, observe and control the rolling speed, track to ensure the overlap between 40~50cm. It should check the compaction degree and survey point elevation, record and calculate the compaction degree and loosen coefficient from the third time rolling compaction (The individual data should not be used in the loosen coefficient calculation). Take the followed measures to the backfilling materials in order to meet the requirements of every test standards: when the water content of backfilling materials is lower it can watering in the material site; when closer to the best content it should be spread with soil and rolled as soon as possible; when higher it can be rolled until dry enough. The rolling width should be 0.3m wider than the design roadbed width at both sides until meets the requirements of the specifications. Draw the compaction degree and rolling times relation schema. It should record the required rolling times, the speed and vibrating mode of rollers, compare the compacted thickness and loose pavement thickness, and compare the adopted pavement thickness to get the loose pavement coefficient and adopted loose pavement thickness.4. Personal and machine arrangementSoft foundation disposal roadbed construction team is responsible for the construction and the chief principle is in charge. The main management stuff includes roadbed engineer, QC engineer, safety man, material man, tester, and surveyor. The personal and machine arrangement details , please see the below tables.4.1 labor arrangementTable 4-1 roadbed labor arrangement table4.2 machine and equipmentTable 4-2 quantity list of main machines and equipments5. Quality control precautions5.1 According to the project requirement, construction explanation should be conducted prior to the commencement of work. After the completion of each construction section, we should request inspection and evaluation. We should strictly obey the quality management assurance system which is shown as followsQuality management assurance system112. Material quality control1) Material department should draw up the purchase plan according to the material supply application and relevant regulations. The supplier should be qualified for productivity and quality.2) Material should be with quality certification and sampled before using. If testing items are beyond the ability of testing lab, these should be sent to other qualified testing center.3. Construction control1) Key quality controlMaterial quality and critical procedure quality should be the key parts of quality control. Quality inspection document should be in on the basis of relevant standards and specifications.2) Three-grade inspection system should be conducted. The three- grade inspection refers to self-inspection, acceptance inspection and particular inspection.3) establish quality double check system to eliminate quality accident. Quality control seminar should be carried out frequently to promote the increasing of quality4) rewards and penalty system should be formed and implemented.4. testingTesting center should be with qualified test clerk and equipment.5. survey and concealed work acceptance1) Survey equipment should be checked by responsible survey engineer. Qualified equipment should get the acceptance letter before using.Survey equipment should accept frequent check to insure its measurement.Survey crew should include a survey engineer who is the responsible person for new-tech training.Constructor, survey engineer as well as chief engineer should check the measurement one by one.6. concealed work acceptanceConstructor should request inspection for the concealed work. After acceptance it should be moved to the next construction step.7. measuring equipment checkingTesting equipment and measuring equipment should accept checking weekly to insure its accuracy.8. professional personnelAll the construction personnel should be the qualified skilled person.Prior to the commencement of construction, all the stuff should acknowledge the construction technical documents, drawing as well as specifications.9. quality recording logQuality log should be the reflection of real construction quality. after the inspection, It should be filled in proper format on time and kept by responsible person and stored in reference room.Progress: constructor should record the construction progress and conduct quality inspection. Quality engineer should conduct the double check and make evaluation. Chief engineer should exam the record and then pass it to the recording management personnel to bookbind. When it get the acceptance of owner, quality supervision center and superior department, it can be stored in the reference room.6. safety and environmental protection precautions6.1 safety protection precautions1)Safety control group composed of project manager who are as the group leader), vice manager, chief engineer, dispatcher, site engineer, site forman who are as the group member.2)One full-time safety administrator (with the qualified safety management license), two on-site full-time safety inspector should occupy in safety control works.3)The leader of construction team should be part-time safety control administrator and construction engineer should be part-time safety inspectors4)Safety control management system shows as following tree diagramSafety control management system155) On-site safety precautions i(1) On-site safety control mandatory requirementsProject department safety control plan and progress should submit to owners and supervision engineers and acquire their approval. Project department should agree the additional regulations put forward by owners or supervision engineers and the following mandatory requirements should be implemented on site:①if people(including visitors, party representatives, materials, transportation workers) didn’t wear protective articles, they should not be allowed to enter the construction site.②all the moving parts of machinery, equipment or electrical tools must be installed protective cover to prevent contact with the body.③all the temporary distribution box should be grounded and installed earth-leakage circuit-breaker.④all the equipment should be operated by qualified licensed operator.⑤all special equipment should be operated by qualified licensed operator.⑥before the commencement ,all equipments should be tested by qualified inspector and the equipments should attach check tag .（2）Power supply management①construction, maintenance as well as remove of temporary power line should operate by professional electrician②electrician should acknowledges equipment property and safe use of electricity.③Operator should wear protective articles before the commencement of operation and check electric apparatus as well.Equipment should be confirmed running in good condition④Switch should be turn off to stop the equipment and switch box need to be locked.⑤Equipment load line, zero line and switch box need to be inspected by professional personnel. If any problem was found, it should be reported and solved immediately.⑥Before any remove, power supply should be cut off .（3)Hurricane precautions①during hurricane season , project department should have a persons on duty to listen to weather ,tropical storm and hurricane forecast everyday.②project department should accept and obey the instruction of superior department.③ According to the weather forecast of hurricane or tropical storm, the leadership group should hold a meeting to establish a emergency measures against hurricane.④project section should form an anti-hurricane rescue team, if hurricane visited ,rescue team should take positive action according to plan.⑤communication should be smooth. Any progress should report to relevant department. If necessary, project department should ask for proper assistance.6.2Environment protection precautionGuidelinesStuff should comply with environmental and occupational health management laws and regulations, standards and procedures and conduct the duty and commitment which is covered in the contract.During construction work stuff should save energy and reduce resource consumption and prevent environmental pollution incidents.Everyone should participate in the complementation of environment protection precaution and eliminate hidden risks to prevent the accident.Environmental and occupational management system should be constantly improved.1）Environmental management of construction equipmentconstruction equipment should be operate by qualified personnel .Equipment should be running, loading by the required ways and procedures. Operation time should be limited to prevent the noise and air pollution, waste gas should be tested before discharge and oil cotton or other toxic trashes should be central treated. All construction equipments are not free to discharge sewage, oil or other wastes to prevent pollution of nearby water sources.2）Environmental protection precaution and work site amenityConstruction design should include the content of environmental protection precaution of gas, sewage, sludge, dust, radioactive substances, noise and other environmental pollution hazards.The awareness of environment protection, resources conserving and ecology balancing should be raised to minimize the negative construction impaction.The environment safety condition should be evaluated to eliminate the safety hazards. Construction site should be leveled and project department should be safe, tidy and sanitary and greening. no sludge water. Road access should be hardened and sewage-free with a sprinkler to reduce the dust.Construction machineries and Vehicles Park tidily at specified place, maintain daily to keep them in good condition. Fixing machineries need temporary shed; working plot needs flat and solid with no sundries.Daily safety inspection, entrance registration and flare approval system should be implemented on construction site, living zone and auxiliary zone. Fire-prevention warning sign and fire fighting facilities should be shown at the construction site and living zone .3）According to the pollution hazards have been identified and environment control goals, the enterprise and inferior leadership, work team shall sign their letters of responsibility for environmental control to ensure that tall environmental control indicators are under control.4）According to the identified environmental factors, environmental protection precautions and management programs should be established. During the construction progress, major environmental pollution factors are as follows: noise of pile boring, vibrating and heavy trucks; Air pollution of sand, cement transportation, storage and the use and waste gas discharged by vehicle .water pollution of kitchen, toilet, bathroom sewage; solid waste of construction waste living waste.5）Stuff environmental educationNew labor should accept safety education as well as environmental protection education to raise their pollution control awareness Before the construction commencement, all construction stuff should accept environmental protection education to raise the self awareness of environmental protection. Technicians and environment inspector should acknowledge the environmental pollution factors and make a detailed explanation to construction workers and all workers should sign and implement the environmental precaution acceptancenotification or environmental protection agreement. Every technician is in charge of the establishment and supervising of the environmental protection precaution.Waste water, garbage should be discharged into the required location that local government permitted.Dust should be controlled according to requirement of the local government and the dust should be less than 250mg per cubic meter.Fire accident and explosion accidents should be prevented.。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文[管理资料]
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外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1. The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is employed. The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacityallocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2. The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes. Under the premise of guaranteeingproject quality and satisfying the owner's use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cost.The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in determining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine thebasic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solving the problem. .3. Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost. Technical organization measures to lower the cost ofprice results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The degree of factory construction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporary engineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of temporary engineering expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3. 3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organization design; The comparison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4. Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements interms of technical equipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees' professional skills. The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur: There is no preparation of auditing before the commencement of the construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe construction. The phenomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction personnel shall design the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current construction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt withindiscriminately.The level of construction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the sub-item construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the construction organization. designed.Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the economic indicators of the sub-item was not taken into consideration, which caused continuous disputes during the settlement of the project and caused economic losses. Therefore, we must manage the construction organization design:(1) Implement dynamic managementDuring the construction process, it will inevitably encounter unexpected problems, such as design changes, natural factors, etc. Changes in the construction process at each stage will result in the adjustment of on-site plans. Therefore, dynamic management must be carried out according to the changed site conditions. , Make necessary modifications, supplements, and optimizations to the inappropriate parts of the construction organization design to achieve the establishedconstruction goals.(2) Implement hierarchical managementThe implementation of project law construction, the separation of management and operation layers, and the gradual reduction of fixed workers will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of general contracting and subcontracting. The successful bidders have changed from direct management of the past to direct technical disclosure to indirect management and indirect technologies. As a result, management should be layered according to the design of the construction organization, and the technical authority, responsibilities and working procedures of the general contracting and subcontracting units, management and operation layers should be clearly defined.5 ConclusionDuring the construction of the project, the organization and design of the construction must be supervised and controlled to ensure the orderly construction of the project and prevent the construction organization from flowing into the form. Construction organization design is a powerful measure to ensure project quality, safety and progress. Under certain resource conditions, the technical and economic benefits of the project can be achieved, and the purpose of win-win construction and economic benefits can be achieved.中文译文施工组织设计的重要性G Baecker摘要建筑工程在施工过程中, 施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量, 对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处: Phillip Yetton. The Study of Construction Organization Design [J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2015, 9(2): 33-43.原文The Study of Construction Organization DesignAuthor: Phillip YettonAbstractBuilding construction is a complex work, huge building products, the production cycle is long, is a collection of architectural art, architecture, function, structure, decoration, water supply, power supply, intelligent system for a wind. Need to complete a project unit, type of work well together, and in the process of implementing, also under the influence of various subjective and objective conditions around. In order to meet the quality, cost, time limit for a project, under the premise of safety goal task to complete a project, must according to the requirement of the construction unit and the characteristics of the proposed construction project, the various raw materials on the basis of full investigation, compile an used to guide the whole process of technology, economy and management of project construction comprehensive document, this document is the construction organization Keywords: Construction; Organization design; Project cost1 IntroductionConstruction organization design is a construction project for the object establishment, to guide the project bidding, construction contracts, construction preparation, construction installation until the whole process of the final acceptance of the technology, economy and management comprehensive document, is to ensure that project smooth implementation effective programmatic document. Construction organization design is proper or not, will directly relate to the quality of the proposed construction project, cost, time limit, safety, etc. The smooth realization of the intended target. With the development of The Times, modern engineering project scale and the demand is higher and higher, project management has become increasingly complex, and the construction organization design also put forward higher requirements. The construction organization design, construction organizationdesign in the bidding documents, also known as technical standard, but the construction organization design not only contains the content of the construction technology, but also covers the project management and investment control, is a comprehensive document. In the beginning used for planned economy in our country s construction organization design, during the course of decades of operation, to standardize the project management has played a vital role. At present, the construction organization design has become a indispensable in the bidding and the construction of the organization of a file. But in the process of establishment and implementation of the construction organization design, try to guide due to lack of special specifications, different regions, different enterprises of different construction organization and design of the proposed requirements, combined with different construction enterprise management level, the differences between the technology and equipment, and personnel quality, leading to the establishment and management of construction organization design is uneven, at present still exist, such as the contents stylized, generalization, and perform a series of problems such as too casual, these are seriously affecting the normal role in the construction organization design and construction enterprise trans-regional management bring certain difficulties.2 Construction organization designs of the application and developmentIn 1928, the Soviet union in the process of building the Diaper river hydropower station, construction personnel compiled the first relatively complete construction organization design, through the implementation has obtained the remarkable result, then set up the specialized research institute for the study of the theory of the construction organization design and promotion to the practice of project management step by step. In the 1940 s, the United States will develop the first atomic bomb mission as a project to manage, named "Manhattan project", but only pay attention to the project management plan and coordination. Appeared in the late 1950 s, the United States on the key route method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and other new technology, marked the project management method has formed some scientific system, but this time is mainly used in national defense industry. Will promote system research project management as a discipline began inthe 1960 s, in Europe as the main body of international project management association (IPMA) and American project management institute (PMI) in which a large amount of effective work, in order to promote the development of project management has played a positive role. In the 70 s of the 20th century, project management rapidly around the world, the application scope is from the military and aerospace project extended to the general civil projects. In addition to plan, coordinate, control, project management of contracts, progress, safety, cost, quality, risk, etc are given more attention, gradually formed the framework of modern project management. At present, the project management to become the international architectural project construction management general form.In the field of engineering construction, the appearance of many new changes in the construction organization and management: the project legal person responsibility system, the establishment of the system of bidding and project supervision system, combining government guidance price and the market price of construction market price reform, such as "FID1C contract conditions", computer application as the core of the development of modern management mode, etc., this a series of changes have put forward the new requirements of construction organization design, construction organization design is a new trend of development. Main show is: combined with design; With the advanced construction technology, construction method; The widely used of computers and network, the development trend of construction organization design, is to meet the needs of the construction enterprise market share. In a word, the requirement of the construction contract and the requirements of the construction enterprise benefit maximization.3 The basic theory of construction organization design3.1 The construction organization design task and roleConstruction organization design is planning to guide the whole process from construction preparation until the completion inspection and acceptance of the proposed construction project of the technology, economy and management of comprehensive files. It should reflect the design and use requirements of the proposed construction project on the one hand, on the other hand and accords with the objectivelaw of construction, the construction process have the effect of strategy or tactics. Overall planning, formulation of construction organization design must fully consider the actual situation and construction of the proposed construction project characteristics, scientific and reasonable organization construction, make full use of space, time and other factors, the use of advanced construction methods and construction technology, strive for with the minimum consumption of manpower and material resources and other resources to obtain the best economic benefits.3.2 The content of the construction organization designAccording to the engineering properties, scale, structure characteristics, technical complexity, construction conditions and demands of the construction unit, the depth of the construction organization design and content is also different, but a complete profile should include compilation basis, project construction organization design, construction deployment, construction progress plan, construction preparation and resource allocation plan, main construction scheme, construction site layout and construction management plan, etc.Compilation basis is an important part of the construction organization design, is to determine the construction organization design, the premise of other content on the basis of accurate or not is related to the establishment can work smoothly and the quality is good or bad, related to the construction organization design can better play the role of guidance in the construction. Project summary is equivalent to the total of the proposed construction project, this paper mainly introduces general situation of engineering construction, the professional design and construction conditions. Deployment of construction is the construction organization design of the programmatic document, is to the whole project implementation process to make overall planning and reasonable arrangement, including project management organization, project management goal, the construction task partitioning, the period of the division of water and the construction process, key and the difficulty in the construction and countermeasures, etc. The construction organization design construction deployment for other content, you need to write. Construction schedule plan is to ensure to achieve the goals of the construction period, starting and endingtime of various construction process of the construction sequence, and the mutual connection relationship of overall planning and arrangement, generally in the form of crossing graph or network graph to express, is the basis of all kinds of resource allocation plan, etc.4 The implementation of the construction organization designThe compilation of construction organization design is only for the implementation of the proposed project provides a feasible scheme. How the plan detailed technical and economic effect, but also must through the implementation of the project to verify. The enforcement of the construction organization design, which will develop a plan of the static scheme, in a constantly changing dynamic construction environment, whether the inspection effect to the expected goal. So the construction organization design and implement of far-reaching significance for the realization of the project goals should do the following several aspects:4.1 Clarification construction organization designAfter the construction organization design has been verified, before formally started to make a detailed technical clarification step by step and fill in the "construction organization design disclosure form". Disclosure by clarification will, written disclosure forms, such as focus on the content of the construction organization design, requirements, difficulties and guarantee measures step by step to implement down, at the same time for all involved in the project construction under the guidance of related units in total control, to develop a more detailed work plan, ensure the implementation of the construction organization design.4.2 Improve the system of enterprise managementPractice has proved that construction organization design can be implemented smoothly, to a large extent depends on the construction enterprise technology, management of quality and enterprise management level, establish and perfect the management system of the construction enterprises of various or not is the sign of enterprise quality and staff level. Only by construction enterprises to establish and perfect the reasonable management system and strictly enforced, to ensure the normal implementation of construction projects, ensure the smooth implementation ofconstruction organization design.4.3 Establish strict appraisal systemConstruction enterprises shall implement situation of the construction organization design into construction project assessment category, clear the responsibility of the personnel at all levels, set up technical and economic contract responsibility system, in the process of construction inspection on the implementation of construction organization design, construction technology, economic responsibility and material interests of the worker, such as the calculation technology progress prize, the time limit for a project in advance award, etc., to ensure that comprehensively implement the construction organization design.4.4 To be prepared for constructionConstruction preparation is important to ensure the smooth implementation of the construction organization design. In order to ensure the smooth construction of the engineering and the normal conduct of construction activities, not only before the start, and in the whole construction process is to do well the preparation of the corresponding human, material and financial resources, actively for the construction of the project is to create favorable conditions, the construction of the initiative, guarantee the construction systematically, thus ensuring the construction organization design be carried out in a timely manner, improve the construction enterprise economic benefits and social benefits.译文施工组织设计问题研究Phillip Yetton摘要建筑工程施工是一项复杂的工作，建筑产品体积庞大，生产周期长，是一个集建筑艺术、建筑功能、建筑结构、装饰装修、供水供电、釆暖通风、智能系统为一身的综合体。
施工组织设计（Constructionorganizationdesign）
施工组织设计（Construction organization design）Catalog1 general description of construction organization design 1 General situation of 1.1 project 1Brief introduction of 1.1.1 engineering project 1Features of 1.1.2 project 2Specific features and conditions of 1.1.3 construction site 3 1.1.4 owners and relevant departments require 41.2 compilation basis 51.2.1 engineering design document 51.2.2 site natural conditions 5Resource conditions in 1.2.3 area 52 construction deployment and construction scheme 62.1 construction deployment 62.1.1 construction organization and task division 62.1.2 construction zone 72.1.3 overall construction sequence arrangement 72.1.4 interchange, cast-in-place continuous beam construction sequence 82.1.5 Construction Schedule 82.1.6 construction traffic maintenance 82.2 construction scheme 92.2.1 bridge construction 9(five) precast beam cast-in-place wet joint construction 122.2.2 subgrade and Pavement Engineering 122.2.3 culvert engineering 132.2.4 drainage and protection works 132.2.5, the busy holidays, the rainy season construction measures 142.2.6 application of new technology, new technology 142.3 construction plan Annex (construction process diagram) 15Construction block diagram of 2.3.1 powder injection pile 152.3.2 subgrade filling construction technology block diagram2.3.3 pavement base construction process diagram base and base 15Construction process block diagram of 2.3.4 K12+883 frame culvert 152.3.5 stone door, small drainage engineering construction process diagram 152.3.6 bridge bored pile construction process block 15Construction process block diagram of 2.3.7 cast-in-place box girder 152.3.8 45m span prefabricated T beam installation construction process diagram 153 of the total construction schedule and project schedule plan 153.1 total construction schedule 153.2 schedule of individual project 163.3 guarantee measures for time limit 163.4 project investment plan curve 164 construction preparation work and resource requirement plan4.1 construction preparation work 174.1.1 organization technical preparation 174.1.2 construction site preparation 174.1.3 machine tools ready for 174.2 resource requirements plan 184.2.1 workforce requirements plan 184.2.2 construction material requirement plan 194.2.3 spare parts requirement plan 204.2.4 construction machinery requirements plan 214.2.5 construction saving measures 225 general layout of construction 225.1 temporary facilities layout 225.2 layout of construction pavement 225.3 the construction of water and electricity calculation and network layout 226 technical measures to ensure quality and safety 236.1 measures to ensure quality 236.1.1 quality objectives 236.1.2 quality assurance system 236.2 construction safety assurance measures 246.3 civilized construction and environmental protection, pipeline protection measures 246.3.1 environmental protection and civilized construction management system 246.3.2 civilized construction measures 256.3.3 pipeline protection measures 251 general description of construction organization designGeneral situation of 1.1 projectBrief introduction of 1.1.1 projectFirst, the overall situationGuangzhou Southern China South Road two phase project approved by the provincial and municipal government construction project, the project is located in the northeast of Guangzhoucity. The starting point of the project from Taihe Town and reservoir southwest side and the North Second Ring Expressway intersection and docking with the Beijing Zhuhai Expressway, the starting point for the K0+000, with the spring Kong, Taihe, Longdong, ash 4 interchange, a source of tunnel. Route south in Cen village and Southern China South Road phase I project, the end of the K14+760, a total length of 14.76 km. According to the distribution of key projects along the bridge, interchange, tunnel and so on, the project is divided into nine construction tenders, the bid section is ninth tenders. The construction tenders bidding mileage for the K12+848 ~ K14+760, the construction section of the expected construction period of 12 months.Two, construction scale and technical standardsAccording to the standard of two-way eight Lane urban expressway construction, the subgrade was built once, and the driving speed was 80km/h, and the standard subgrade width was 35.5m.Three. Route planFour. General situation of the projectThis section of the main span 1912km, cen Cun interchange ramp length 2.52355km. Subgrade Earthwork 199834 cubic meters,This section should debit 1426 cubic meters of asphalt concrete pavement (width 2 x 16m) 0.292km deck (2 x 15.5m) long 0.536km, statistics of asphalt pavement with Cen Cun interchange, thissection set No. 1 road bridge Cen Cun (K13 + 171.47 + K13 + 676.53), long 505.06m Cen Cun; No. 2 Road Bridge (K13909.72 ~ K14334.78), long 425.06m; D ramp bridge; the other is to connect the Changhong bridge; local road, No. 1, No. 2, a garden bridge.Characteristics of 1.1.2 projectThis project is mainly base engineering, bridge engineering, drainage engineering and protective engineering. The engineering features of the project are as follows:1, due to the project road and bridge and highway and local road intersection limit, there is a certain degree of difficulty in construction, especially the construction of cross highway. To keep the normal traffic, and lifting across Highway Large Prestressed T beam, and a phase two and phase change line construction, therefore, a reasonable allocation of the project is the most important feature is that traffic maintenance and construction arrangements, is the key to this project. Due to the difficulty of the implementation of this construction organization, our company specially formulated the construction organization scheme of traffic maintenance implementation.2, the large amount of prefabricated components of this project is relatively large.3, the site geological conditions are not very complicated.4, there is a certain traffic maintenance work.Specific features and conditions of 1.1.3 construction siteTopography and geomorphologySouthern China road two No. ninth line range K12848 ~ K14760, belongs to piedmont plain, on the west side of the mountain to the micro tilt transition to alluvial plain, elevation 20 ~ 30.0m. The eastern terrain is relatively flat and open, the surface is quaternary alluvial layer and residual layer, the basement is granite, the whole to strong weathering layer is thicker. Mostly for Southern China botanical garden nursery, Southern China Agricultural University test field and vegetable field, in the village near the overpass, the pond is densely filled, partly filled.Two. Geology and earthquake1. strata2. hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions3. unfavorable geological conditions and CountermeasuresAfter many investigations, no karst or landslide has been found in this section, but there are two kinds of special soil: soft soil and weak swelling soil. The stability and settlement of soft soil subgrade should be checked, and two sections of subgrade should be reinforced with powder jet pile composite foundation4. regional geological stability evaluation and earthquake5. the basic intensity of the earthquake in the bid section is6 degrees.1.1.4 owners and relevant departments requirementsFirst, the owner requirementsThe owners of the engineering project quality very seriously, we must create a "double excellence" activities in Guangzhou Southern China South Road, the two phase of the project, and put forward specific measures for the administration of. The organization must be implemented, and strictly according to the quality control standards for construction.Two. Design requirements for construction1. give priority to the bad geological area foundation treatment, including dredging, clear table processing, to win time for construction, to ensure the time limit for the project.2., do a good job in the construction organization plan, take full account of the local climate impact on the construction process, as far as possible to avoid earthwork construction during the rainy season and construction of cross river bridge foundation project in flood season.Three. Other requirementsOn the one hand, the highway construction can greatly improve the regional transportation conditions, promote economicdevelopment along, on the other hand has produced some adverse effects on the natural environment, thus strengthening environmental protection is an important link of highway construction.1.2 basis for compilation1.2.1 engineering design documentsGuangzhou City, two Southern China Road Engineering (City Road) No. ninth (K12+848 ~ K14+760, containing A, B, Cencun interchange C, D, M, Q ramp) construction organization design is mainly based on the following information and documents preparation:1. tender documents of ninth bid project of Southern China South Road two phase project (K12+848 to K14+760), Guangzhou Luqiao Southern China Industrial Co., Ltd., December 2001;2. Southern China South Road two phase project ninth bid construction tender questions and supplements, Southern China hair word [2001] 157th, two OO, December 8th;3. CJJ3-90 municipal drainage engineering quality inspection and evaluation standard;Technical specification for construction of 4. JTJ041-2000 highway bridge and culvert;Technical specification for subgrade construction of 5.JTJ033-86 highway;1.2.2 site natural conditionsThe water resources are rich in the area, though there is no large river, but the ditches are running continuously, and there are many reservoirs, fish ponds and so on along the channel. Most of the routes are close to the residential areas, and the economy in the area is developed, and the enterprises and institutions along the route are more.Resource conditions in 1.2.3 region1. road building materials2. hydropower supply conditions3. traffic conditions2 construction deployment and construction scheme2.1 construction deploymentComposition and task division of 2.1.1 construction organizationFirst, the organization of the project department as belowTwo. Responsibilities of each department and personnel in the project departmentThree, construction technology and on-site managementpersonnelMain members of construction organizationSerial number of titles, titles, construction experience related years notes1 Project Manager2 Project Deputy ManagerChief engineer of 3 project4 cost engineer5 Bridge Engineer6 Bridge Engineer7 Bridge Engineer8 road engineer9 road engineer10 mechanical engineer11 experimental Engineer12 financial controller13 planning statistical Engineer14 QC Engineer15 geological engineers2.1.2 construction subareaThe mileage of the project is DK12+848~DK14+760, the total length of the main line is 1912 meters. In addition, cen village interchange A, B, C, D, M, Q ramp and local road G line change. The total duration of the project is 12 months.I Division in full consideration of the characteristics of the project and the actual situation of the enterprise, carefully planned arrangements, in order to increase the working face and facilitate the management of the whole project will be divided into six areas of management and organization construction, these six districts are 1, II, III, IV, V District District and District VI, the district is responsible for construction:2.1.3 overall construction sequence arrangementMain points of construction sequence arrangementThe focus of this project, 1 of the three, one for the cen Cun 1# main road bridge; two Cen Cun 2# main road bridge; three Cen Cun Lane D.2, the construction of the sidewalk should focus on arrangements.Two. Brief description of construction sequence arrangement in each district1, zone I (K12+848~K13+170.97 segment). The main line is divided into three sections (North Bridge, bridge, bridge bridge north of the South), and in the bridge pile of steel bridge the earliest bridge, south of DJM pile and embankment with the corresponding project after the completion of the construction of the north. Cui yuan 2# small bridge to Cui source 1# bridge completed before construction.2, zone II (CEN Cun 1# main road bridge).3, District III (CEN Cun 2# main road bridge)4 and 4 zones (K13+677.03~K13+909.22 and K14+335.28~K14+760).5, V area (CEN village interchange D ramp)6, VI area (CEN village interchange on the other ramp)Construction sequence of 2.1.4 interchange and cast-in-place continuous beamFirst, the construction sequence of Cen village interchangeTwo. Flow chart of construction sequence of Cen village interchangeThree 、 construction sequence of cast-in-place beamFour. Construction sequence flow chart of cast-in-place beam2.1.5 construction scheduleNumber of individual project schedule control time limit1 I zone (K12+848~K13+170.97 section subgrade) January 24th ~6 27 August 30th2 Section II (CEN Cun 1# main bridge) in January 24th November 30th ~9 month 22 daysThe 3 District III (CEN Cun 2# main road bridge) February 18th November 30th ~9 204 IV zone (K13+677.03~K13+909.22 segment, K14+335.28~K14+760 segment) February 10th ~7 9 August 30th5 V district (CEN village interchange D ramp) February 20th ~12 18 December 18th6 VI area (GY line and interchange remaining ramp) January 24th ~11 4 November 30th2.1.6 construction traffic maintenanceAccording to the requirements of the tender documents, to maintain the project traffic, otherwise our special application group attached,Detailed description of "Southern China Road south two phase project ninth standard traffic maintenance construction organization design", here only briefly as follows:First, the traffic maintenance stage division of Cen village interchangeTwo, cross linkhighway hoisting.。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文.docx
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equq)ment9 civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and lessEnergy consumption is conpleted.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1.The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like thenature of the plant is employed・The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacity allocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equq)ment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time・ This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule・From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2.The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include:project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For examp le, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes・ Under the premise of guaranteeing project quality and satisfying the owners use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cost2.1The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of theconstruction engineering design documents・ It is the main basis for prq)aring the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents・ Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in determining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.2.2The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements・ It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine the basic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solvingthe problem・・3.Index calculation and analysis of construction organizationdesignAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized・ As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions ・3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations・(1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule・(3) Labor。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文[管理资料]
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1. The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is employed. The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacityallocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2. The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes. Under the premise of guaranteeingproject quality and satisfying the owner's use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cost.The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in determining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine thebasic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solving the problem. .3. Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost. Technical organization measures to lower the cost ofprice results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The degree of factory construction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporary engineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of temporary engineering expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3. 3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organization design; The comparison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4. Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements interms of technical equipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees' professional skills. The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur: There is no preparation of auditing before the commencement of the construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe construction. The phenomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction personnel shall design the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current construction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt withindiscriminately.The level of construction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the sub-item construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the construction organization. designed.Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the economic indicators of the sub-item was not taken into consideration, which caused continuous disputes during the settlement of the project and caused economic losses. Therefore, we must manage the construction organization design:(1) Implement dynamic managementDuring the construction process, it will inevitably encounter unexpected problems, such as design changes, natural factors, etc. Changes in the construction process at each stage will result in the adjustment of on-site plans. Therefore, dynamic management must be carried out according to the changed site conditions. , Make necessary modifications, supplements, and optimizations to the inappropriate parts of the construction organization design to achieve the establishedconstruction goals.(2) Implement hierarchical managementThe implementation of project law construction, the separation of management and operation layers, and the gradual reduction of fixed workers will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of general contracting and subcontracting. The successful bidders have changed from direct management of the past to direct technical disclosure to indirect management and indirect technologies. As a result, management should be layered according to the design of the construction organization, and the technical authority, responsibilities and working procedures of the general contracting and subcontracting units, management and operation layers should be clearly defined.5 ConclusionDuring the construction of the project, the organization and design of the construction must be supervised and controlled to ensure the orderly construction of the project and prevent the construction organization from flowing into the form. Construction organization design is a powerful measure to ensure project quality, safety and progress. Under certain resource conditions, the technical and economic benefits of the project can be achieved, and the purpose of win-win construction and economic benefits can be achieved.中文译文施工组织设计的重要性G Baecker摘要建筑工程在施工过程中, 施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量, 对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。
施工组织设计英文文献翻译
Construction of the Project Management of the imp ortance of organization designAbstract: The construction organization is a construction project and guide the important technical and economic documents. Can regulate the construction workers, machinery, raw mate rials, environment, technology, equipment, construction, installation, management, production a nd other conflicts, to supervise the construction and control of organizational design in order to e nsure scientific and rational project high-quality, low cost, less the completion of energy.Keywords: project management; construction organization; design; importance Constru ction design and project construction is an important document guiding construction, constructio n enterprises are able to high-quality, high speed, low cost, low consumption of completed buildi ng projects to ensure effective measures, but also strengthen the management, the importance o f improving economic efficiency means, is also properly handle the construction workers, machin ery, raw materials, methods, environment and technology and equipment, civil works and installa tion of collaboration, consumption and supply, management and production and other kinds of c ontradictions, scientific and rational, planned and orderly , the equilibrium organization of produc tion and an important guarantee for project construction.With the establishment of socialist market economy, an increasingly competitive construc tion market, the objective situation of construction enterprises have become increasingly deman ding, not only in technology and equipment, personnel quality, the construction put forward high er requirements of the organizers, and engineering economic management Pre-settlement work i n the project is also facing new challenges. Strict construction market situation, some constructio n companies are not actively taken measures, professional and technical staff is not updated, trai ning, science and technology management level is very backward, with the preparation of constr uction design review did not attract enough attention, so there will be the following common situ ations:(1) audit is not compiled before the start of construction organization design: not to pursue the construction of floor plans, materials, cluttered, moving out of import of machinery and eq uipment, unplanned demand for labor, quality, security, construction without assurance measure s, resulting in nest Workers serious waste management lower.(2) whether it is the preparation of construction design professionals: In order to cope with the higher authorities and supervisory agencies, Party member or check the information to the construction workers on behalf of the Code construction design, because the data simply do not know right now who is a leading construction management recent arrangements, had casually made up, just go.(3) the preparation of the low level of construction organization design:Some construction units, construction organizations do not understand the importance of th e construction process, to write about the sub-construction process, draw a floor plan, schedule progress, it regarded construction organization design.(4) to abandon technology economy: a considerable number of construction enterprises in the preparation of construction organization design, construction organization which only concer ned the various sub-project of the technical measures, without considering the sub-project aspec ts of economic indicators, leading to the completion of settlement disputes about economic loss.[Example 1] in a district of Nanning City, the life of a dormitory building to be a form of wa ter renovation project, but because the dormitory was built in the eighties, has been twenty year s, the owners between buildings without authorization of their own debris occupied the public sp ace of normal channels, resulting in too narrow passage between two buildings, traffic problems, so the resulting need for manual handling of construction materials to construction sites, constru ction materials are stated not to enter the venue and request for additional materials secondary t ransportation fee, Party A will not sign recognition, resulting in economic losses. If the constructi on units in the field before the start of the investigation, carefully review the preparation of const ruction design and engineering contract be described in the notes, you can reduce unnecessary tr ouble.[Example 2] of a residential building project excavation, construction site is not large, the c onstruction unit construction with construction design, but no earth survey program, no excavati on of the slope coefficient of discharge, nor the accumulation of pre-construction earthwork calc ulation, the original machine in the pit excavation uppercut on it, because there is no constructio n design survey on the ground, resulting in ruptured a nearby residential building to the water, re sulting in increased costs of grading required to show there is no clear , resulting in a Jixietaiban i ncrease moving away more, but also back when the backfill backfill, resulting in construction ente rprises in the economy by the economic loss in vain.[Example 3] Construction of a residential building products business in the construction pr ocess, when preparing to start construction organization is very simple, even the template sub-pr oject calculations are not, in the basement of the construction of the installation template templa te installation height of 5 m, maximum beam for the 600 × 1200, thickness 250, in the erection o f experience by the workers under their erection, supervision and acceptance can not be accepta nce of the results, but also re-checking, the results support the strength of pole did not meet the template requirements of a full return to work. Rework the economic losses can be imagined.Such as steel is now more fitting to discuss the situation, the tender list or did not say by w elding sleeve, you said in the welding construction organization, it can talk with the sleeve constr uction of a visa; Earthwork and temporary facilities in the Shih group calculated as long as the exc ess of the quota rules set paved the way is part of the claim. The problem is now that this file is is olated, not construction, not cost, because it is not targeted.The above three examples fully show that the construction design in the construction pro cess as well as pre-settlement project plays an important role, not only organized the constructio n of organizational design, guiding production role in the objective economic management has be come a very important can not be ignored component.Construction design is the arrangement of a construction company building a comprehensive technical and economic documentation of construction products. The depth of the content of th eir preparation, can be divided into construction design, construction organization design, constr uction design outline and so on.Meaning: in order to process the entire project implementation macro-control. Complet e the construction of a sub-organization design should include: project overview, construction me thods, quality assurance measures, manpower and machinery plan and guarantee measures, con struction of network diagrams, and bar charts, safety measures, details of resources, energy cons ervation measures, construction period to ensure measures.Implementation of the project in the construction of the session, the price of construction projects through the construction drawings to determine the general preparation of the budget, the determination of the construction contract price, engineering and project final settlement pri ce to determine price and other processes. Construction design of which is the main factor of the project cost, therefore, project cost management, construction design must pay close attention a s an important link in this regard should address the following two aspects of the relations.Fixed construction budget to reflect the actual construction of each sub-part of the constr uction process of each project component of labor, materials, Jixietaiban consumption standards. It is to identify and control the construction and installation cost base; is to design technical and economic comparison, based on technical and economic analysis; is the construction unit based o n the analysis of economic activities; the preparation of bidding price, bidding price of the base; i s the preparation of the fixed budget and estimates based on indicators; is construction drawing b udget, project contracts, project budget and project an important basis for final prices, but the bu dget is fixed under normal construction conditions, the majority of the construction unit to the cu rrent level of machinery and equipment, the reasonable construction period , construction techn ology, labor organizations based on each sub-part of the preparation of the consumption of the p roject. However, construction of the project there are many special cases in which sub-part of theproject construction method is not necessarily the same under a fixed budget, as currently stipul ated in the budget scale, "based on construction design OK" and so on. Such as "consumption of f ixed construction Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region", the earth and stone work on the manual calculation rules. Trenchdigging, earthwork grading time required to "construction design" shall be calculated, "const ruction design" no clearly defined, put the slope coefficient by a fixed proportion of the impleme ntation of the provisions.Construction projects with construction design is closely related to project cost. The basic construction design includes: project overview and analysis of construction conditions, constructi on programs, construction technology, construction schedule, construction general layout. There are economic analysis and construction preparation work plan. Among them, the construction pr ogram and construction process is more important to determine, for example: the choice of const ruction machinery, horizontal transport method of choice, moving the main structure of the cons truction methods and construction methods and construction technology of choice, etc., are a dir ect impact on project budget price changes. In ensuring the quality and meet the owners require ments and schedule requirements of the premise, optimize the construction program and constr uction process is to control the cost of investment projects and reduce the importance of measur es and means.Construction design is not only an important guiding document production and managem ent activities, preparation of construction plans is an important basis for the budget. Therefore, t he construction unit leaders before the start of the unit project to tissue engineering, materials a nd equipment, industrial scale, economic planning, project cost and other personnel to seriously f amiliar with the drawings, in-depth on-site field survey of the technical and economic organizatio nal measures. Project cost in the preparation of construction design is directly related to the econ omic interests of enterprises, because, in the project cost management and implementation of th e provisions of the budget scale, the cost of personnel staff plays the role of business manager in charge; in the bidding and construction contract, the cost commissioned by the enterprise legal p erson can be used as the legal representative of the agent, the exercise of powers conferred by en terprise legal person; in the construction and budget work, supervision plays a role in the econom y. Therefore, the full cost of in-house staff not only understands technology, understand the polic y, but also understands the role of legal expertise and is prepared well construction design and im prove an important aspect of economic efficiency of enterprises, but also works to overcome and avoid an economic dispute settlement reasonable and effective way.Finally, the construction organization of this document is very important, it is the technic al and economic documents. Construction of the project, be sure to supervise the construction and control of organizational design to ensure the project's construction order, to prevent the cons truction design a mere formality. Engineering construction design is the quality, safety, effective measures to guarantee progress.浅谈项目管理中施工组织设计重要性摘要:施工组织是项目建设和指导工程施工的重要技术经济文件。
施工组织设计英文翻译
English Abstract(1) The building is a college building , located in Yancheng(NEIghborhood,Tinghu) , the gross floor area for 4800m2and land of structurion for 1800m2，six-storey low – rise, high levels of 3.2m,total building height of 22.05m , well – designed structure of the service life of 50years , seismic intensity 7 , wall materials for the Ceramsite cocerte hollow block .(2) Constrction of the ride south , construction isa flat – shaped ,symetrical layout . Dormitory on the south side of the other on the north side of the arrangement , reasonable layout , better lighting .(3) The construction organization plan is constructs the construction organization's core and the soul, is conceives to the engineering construction project entire process idea with the concrete arrangement, uses for to instruct construction item entire process each activity the technology, the economical and organization's comprehensive document. the this construction organization plan is aims at Yancheng students’ building project construction the Platform. When establishment to the project managementorganization establishment, the construction overall deployed that the construction preparation, the main branch sub-item project job practice, the project quality safeguard measure, the security and the civilized construction measure, the job location management measure and so on many factors considered fully as far as possible, prominent scientific nature, serviceability and pointed, is guaranteed that high quality, the low consumption, the security, civilized, complete completely the construction work important economical technical paper high speed. this design mainly includes the following content: The project construction organization designs, the Chinese and English translation, the construction floor-plan. In order to guarantee that the time, the quality and the security, the civilized work site, save conditions and so on cost, establishes the pointed construction organization plan, each branch sub-item project's characteristic, the structural feature, the construction difficulty degree time and the quality requirement, establish the practical and feasible plan of construction. Instructs the construction smoothlycost engineering project the construction, the control engineering cost, the foundation high quality project. key word: Project, construction.(4) Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be aleap-style development.People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than themechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.The application of a large number of steel products is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical industry, smelting and rolling out hightensile and compressive strength, ductility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then produce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the gradual emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, materialmechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel production, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译最新译文
文献出处: Phillip Yetton. The Study of Construction Organization Design [J]. International Journal of Project Management, 2015, 9(2): 33-43.原文原文The Study of Construction Organization DesignAuthor: Phillip YettonAbstractBuilding construction is a complex work, huge building products, the production cycle is long, is a collection of architectural art, architecture, function, structure, decoration, water supply, power supply, intelligent system for a wind. Need to complete a project unit, type of work well together, and in the process of implementing, also under the influence of various subjective and objective conditions around. In order to meet the quality, cost, time limit for a project, under the premise of safety goal task to complete a project, must according to the requirement of the construction unit and the characteristics of the proposed construction project, the various raw materials on the basis of full investigation, compile an used to guide the whole process of technology, economy and management of project construction comprehensive document, this document is the construction organizationKeywords: Construction; Organization design; Project cost1 IntroductionConstruction organization design is a construction project for the object establishment, to guide the project bidding, construction contracts, construction preparation, construction installation until the whole process of the final acceptance of the technology, economy and management comprehensive document, is to ensure that project smooth implementation effective programmatic document. Construction organization design is proper or not, will directly relate to the quality of the proposed construction project, cost, time limit, safety, etc. The smooth realization of the intended target. With the development of The Times, modern engineering project scale and the demand is higher and higher, project management has become increasingly complex, and the construction organization design also put forward higher requirements. The construction organization design, construction organizationdesign in the bidding documents, also known as technical standard, but the construction organization design not only contains the content of the constructiontechnology, but also covers the project management and investment control, is acomprehensive document. In the beginning used for planned economy in our countrys construction organization design, during the course of decades of operation, tostandardize the project management has played a vital role. At present, theconstruction organization design has become a indispensable in the bidding and the construction of the organization of a file. But in the process of establishment and implementation of the construction organization design, try to guide due to lack of special specifications, different regions, different enterprises of different construction organization and design of the proposed requirements, combined with different construction enterprise management level, the differences between the technology and equipment, and personnel quality, leading to the establishment and management of construction organization design is uneven, at present still exist, such as the contents stylized, generalization, and perform a series of problems such as too casual, these are seriously affecting the normal role in the construction organization design and construction enterprise trans-regional management bring certain difficulties.2 Construction organization designs of the application and developmentIn 1928, the Soviet union in the process of building the Diaper river hydropower station, construction personnel compiled the first relatively complete construction organization design, through the implementation has obtained the remarkable result, then set up the specialized research institute for the study of the theory of the construction organization design and promotion to the practice of project management step by step. In the 1940 s, the United States will develop the first atomic bomb mission as a project to manage, named "Manhattan project", but only pay attention to the project management plan and coordination. Appeared in the late 1950 s, the United States on the key route method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique (PERT), and other new technology, marked the project management method has formed some scientific system, but this time is mainly used in national defense industry. Will promote system research project management as a discipline began inthe 1960 s, in Europe as the main body of international project management association (IPMA) and American project management institute (PMI) in which alarge amount of effective work, in order to promote the development of projectmanagement has played a positive role. In the 70 s of the 20th century, projectmanagement rapidly around the world, the application scope is from the military andaerospace project extended to the general civil projects. In addition to plan, coordinate,control, project management of contracts, progress, safety, cost, quality, risk, etc are given more attention, gradually formed the framework of modern project management. At present, the project management to become the international architectural project construction management general form.In the field of engineering construction, the appearance of many new changes in the construction organization and management: the project legal person responsibility system, the establishment of the system of bidding and project supervision system, combining government guidance price and the market price of construction market price reform, such as "FID1C contract conditions", computer application as the core of the development of modern management mode, etc., this a series of changes have put forward the new requirements of construction organization design, construction organization design is a new trend of development. Main show is: combined with design; With the advanced construction technology, construction method; The widely used of computers and network, the development trend of construction organization design, is to meet the needs of the construction enterprise market share. In a word, the requirement of the construction contract and the requirements of the construction enterprise benefit maximization.3 The basic theory of construction organization design3.1 The construction organization design task and roleConstruction organization design is planning to guide the whole process from construction preparation until the completion inspection and acceptance of the proposed construction project of the technology, economy and management of comprehensive files. It should reflect the design and use requirements of the proposed construction project on the one hand, on the other hand and accords with the objectivelaw of construction, the construction process have the effect of strategy or tactics. Overall planning, formulation of construction organization design must fully considerthe actual situation and construction of the proposed construction projectcharacteristics, scientific and reasonable organization construction, make full use ofspace, time and other factors, the use of advanced construction methods andconstruction technology, strive for with the minimum consumption of manpower andmaterial resources and other resources to obtain the best economic benefits.3.2 The content of the construction organization designAccording to the engineering properties, scale, structure characteristics, technicalcomplexity, construction conditions and demands of the construction unit, the depth ofthe construction organization design and content is also different, but a complete profile should include compilation basis, project construction organization design, construction deployment, construction progress plan, construction preparation and resource allocation plan, main construction scheme, construction site layout and construction management plan, etc.Compilation basis is an important part of the construction organization design, isto determine the construction organization design, the premise of other content on thebasis of accurate or not is related to the establishment can work smoothly and the quality is good or bad, related to the construction organization design can better play the role of guidance in the construction. Project summary is equivalent to the total of the proposed construction project, this paper mainly introduces general situation of engineering construction, the professional design and construction conditions. Deployment of construction is the construction organization design of the programmatic document, is to the whole project implementation process to make overall planning and reasonable arrangement, including project managementorganization, project management goal, the construction task partitioning, the period of the division of water and the construction process, key and the difficulty in the construction and countermeasures, etc. The construction organization design construction deployment for other content, you need to write. Construction schedule plan is to ensure to achieve the goals of the construction period, starting and endingtime of various construction process of the construction sequence, and the mutual connection relationship of overall planning and arrangement, generally in the form ofcrossing graph or network graph to express, is the basis of all kinds of resourceallocation plan, etc.4 The implementation of the construction organization designThe compilation of construction organization design is only for theimplementation of the proposed project provides a feasible scheme. How the plan detailed technical and economic effect, but also must through the implementation of the project to verify. The enforcement of the construction organization design, which will develop a plan of the static scheme, in a constantly changing dynamic construction environment, whether the inspection effect to the expected goal. So the construction organization design and implement of far-reaching significance for the realization of the project goals should do the following several aspects:4.1 Clarification construction organization designAfter the construction organization design has been verified, before formallystarted to make a detailed technical clarification step by step and fill in the"construction organization design disclosure form". Disclosure by clarification will,written disclosure forms, such as focus on the content of the construction organization design, requirements, difficulties and guarantee measures step by step to implement down, at the same time for all involved in the project construction under the guidance of related units in total control, to develop a more detailed work plan, ensure the implementation of the construction organization design.4.2 Improve the system of enterprise managementPractice has proved that construction organization design can be implementedsmoothly, to a large extent depends on the construction enterprise technology,management of quality and enterprise management level, establish and perfect the management system of the construction enterprises of various or not is the sign of enterprise quality and staff level. Only by construction enterprises to establish and perfect the reasonable management system and strictly enforced, to ensure the normal implementation of construction projects, ensure the smooth implementation ofconstruction organization design.4.3 Establish strict appraisal systemConstruction enterprises shall implement situation of the construction organization design into construction project assessment category, clear the responsibility of the personnel at all levels, set up technical and economic contract responsibility system, in the process of construction inspection on the implementation of construction organization design, construction technology, economic responsibility and material interests of the worker, such as the calculation technology progress prize, the time limit for a project in advance award, etc., to ensure that comprehensively implement the construction organization design.4.4 To be prepared for constructionConstruction preparation is important to ensure the smooth implementation of the construction organization design. In order to ensure the smooth construction of the engineering and the normal conduct of construction activities, not only before the start, and in the whole construction process is to do well the preparation of the corresponding human, material and financial resources, actively for the construction of the project is to create favorable conditions, the construction of the initiative, guarantee the construction systematically, thus ensuring the construction organization design be carried out in a timely manner, improve the construction enterprise economic benefits and social benefits.译文译文施工组织设计问题研究施工组织设计问题研究Phillip Yetton摘要摘要建筑工程施工是一项复杂的工作，建筑工程施工是一项复杂的工作，建筑产品体积庞大，生产周期长，是一个建筑产品体积庞大，生产周期长，是一个集建筑艺术、建筑功能、建筑结构、装饰装修、供水供电、釆暖通风、智能系统为一身的综合体。
施工组织设计中英文外文文献翻译.docx
外文文献翻译文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015,3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1.The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is employed. The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacity allocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors,equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2.The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes. Under the premise of guaranteeing project quality and satisfying the owner's use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction projectcost.2」The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in detennining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.2.2The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine the basic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solving the problem..3.Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost. Technical organization measures to lower the cost of price results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The degree of factory construction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporaryengineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of temporary engineering expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3.3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organization design; The comparison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4.Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements in terms of technical equipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees1 professional skills. The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur:4.1There is no preparation of auditing before the commencement of the construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe construction. The phenomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.4.2Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction personnel shall design the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current constnjction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt with indiscriminately.4.3The level of construction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the subitem construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the constmction organization, designed.4.4Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the economic indicators of the。
施工组织设计英语文献翻译
Importance of construction organization designSummary:Construction work in the construction process, the construction organization scheme will not only directly affect project quality, duration and safety also has an important impact in the construction process. Construction organization projects and mentoring inconstruction of key technical and economic documents. Can regulate the construction people, mac hines, materials, environment, technology, equipment, construction, installation, management, pro duction and other conflicts , monitoring and control of the construction organization design , scien tific and reasonable assurance the completion of project of high quality, low cost, low energy cons umption.Key words:Project management construction management programme the importance Construction organizat ion design is the idea of the whole construction process of engineering construction project ideas a nd specific arrangements, organization and management of construction work is the heart and soul . Its aim is to enable high speed, high quality, efficiency. Engineering-best results when working in construction as a whole.1． Because of the importance of preparation of construction organization design Architectural engineering and construction with a fixed and liquidity, diversity and one-piece, for m a large and long construction period the three characteristics. Therefore, each construction engin eering construction organization design of construction must be carried out. This is because other general industrial products have their own fixed, long-term application factories. Building constru ction is characterized by mobility, impossible to build such a plant, only when each of the construc tion, and establishing an appropriate, provisional, as factory construction site preparation, namely, site. Constructioncharacteristics and construction of single pieces of mobility features, decided to select appropriate equipment for each construction and labor organizations. Construction technology of construction method of selecting, developing programmes and labour organizations and equipment configuratio n, collectively known as operation capacity configuration. Construction cycle features determines the labour supply of many material, equipment and technology is a long time, which raises the tota l progress plan of construction material that is appropriate for the construction organization design of technology content. It can be seen that is of considerable importance in construction organizati on design in project management.2 .Importance of construction organization designConstruction products as a commodity and engineering quality in project management plays a vita l role in the entire construction process. Construction organization design and engineering cost of construction projects has a close relationship. Construction organization design of basic content: p roject overview and analysis of construction conditions, implementation plan, construction technol ogy, construction progress plan and general plan of construction. Further economic analysis and c onstruction preparation plans. , Scheme and construction technology in construction of more impo rtant , such as : levels of selection, selection of transport method of construction machinery, earth-moving construction method and construction method and construction technology of main structu re of choice and so on , are directly affecting the estimated project price changes. In ensuring proje ct quality and meet the owners subject to the requirements and duration requirements , optimizingconstruction scheme and construction technology are important measures to control investment and reduce project cost and means.2.1 Construction organization scheme is to a large extent affect project quality, reasonable constru ction programme is not only to ensure that the basis for successful completion of the construction, safety basis. Construction organization design is an important part of construction design documen ts, is the main basis for preparation of the project investment budget and preparation of tender doc uments, the main frame of reference. Therefore, good job in construction organization design, corr ectly determine project cost, reduce engineering investment, thus enabling to control project cost would have a very important role.2.2 Construction organization plan of construction activities is an important means of implementing scientific management, it has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It r eflects the requirements of implementing the capital master plan and design provides all phases of construction preparation, coordination of construction during the construction project, the construc tion trade, the relationship between voluntary. Construction organization scheme must be accordin g to the product's characteristics and requirements, based on existing and possible securing constru ction conditions, realistic, determine how the basic combination of various factors of production, d oes not solve problems, it is impossible for any production.3 Construction design calculation and analysis of indicators Construction organization design sho uld be to establish which indicators are not unified, calculation or specification. Because it is the e valuation of construction organization design of the overall assessment of the effectiveness and the status of implementation, as well as project construction units ( project ) production and managem ent levels and to test the effectiveness of the basis. Must be given to, and made the following com ments.3 .1 Index system. Sets as far as possible reflect the construction organization design of index syst em of the target level of, and to facilitate the evaluation, examination, implementation.3 .2 Index calculation. (1) construction preparation phase. Starting from site preparation to the offi cial project for all time. (2) project duration. Arranged by unit engineering construction progress pl an of construction. (3) labour imbalance coefficient. During peak and the average ratio of the num ber of. (4) reduce the cost amount. Technical measures to reduce the cost of results. (5) reduce the cost rate. Cost reduction percentage of total contract costs. (6) construction mechanization. Mecha nical construction completed production and engineering contract cost ratio. (7) the level of indust rial construction.Precast factory ( sand excavation, quarries ) completed production and engineering contract cost ra tio. (8) the investment proportion of temporary works. All temporary works investment and engine ering contracts cost ratio. (9) cost of temporary works. All temporary works cost recovery fees and contract cost reduction ratio.3.3 Indicator analysis. Construction organization design of indicators as compared to similar proje cts historical actual levels, can assess the impact construction organization design; different indicat ors of construction organization design in contrast to optimum programme; analysis of the weighte d numerical indicator of previous similar projects could serve as a reference for future bidding aga in.4 Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of the Socialist market economy , building increasingly fierce market com petition , objective conditions on the construction enterprise requirements getting higher and higher. Not only in terms of technical equipment, quality of personnel, organizer of construction put for ward higher requirements, but also in engineering economics and management work engineering b udget and settlement also faces new challenges. Strict construction market situation, some constru ction companies do not have a positive response , had no update on staff expertise and training. Sc ience and technology management level quite backward. And for the preparation of construction o rganization design of audit did not attract enough attention. Therefore, there will be several comm on scenarios:4.1 Before commencement of construction organization design of auditing has not been prepared : not to engage in the construction of floor plans , materials of rubble lying around. Earthwork out of transport, machinery and equipment, quality of labor demand planning, engineering, constructio n without guarantees of security. Caused the serious waste of idling , lower levels of management.4.2 Is the professional preparation of construction organization design: to cope with higher autho rities and supervision units, the customer shall check and construction construction organization d esignfor information or addendum. Because the information simply don't know about now, construction management and leadership has recently arranged, had to make up indiscriminately to deal with.4.3 Low levels of construction organization design preparation: some construction units, do not understand the importance of construction organization in the construction process, write about th e construction process, draw a floor plan, project schedule , is considered to be construction organi zation plan.4.4 Abandoned technology economy: a considerable number of units at the time of preparation of construction organization design in construction enterprise. Only importance to the construction of the project of technical measures. Content does not take into account economic indicators , leadin g to projects completion settlement of disputes continue , causing economic losses. Therefore, the management of construction organization design: (1) the introduction of dynamic m anagementConstruction process, inevitably will encounter unexpected problems, such as impact, natural fact ors such as design changes, change field programmes of each stage of the construction process adj ustments must therefore be based on dynamic management of engineering field, not suitable for co nstruction organization design section must be modified, supplemented, optimization, to reach the established goal.(2) Implementation of hierarchical managementProject law construction of introduced, management layer and job layer separation, and fixed wo rkers gradually reduced of situation, will leads total contract and points package of phenomenon, b id units from past of directly management, and directly technology low-down, becomes indirect m anagement, and indirect technology low-down, therefore should according to construction organiz ation design for tiered management, clear total package and points package units, and managemen t layer and job layer of technology permission, and duties and work program.5 ． Closing remarksIn the construction of the project, be sure to oversight and control of the construction organization design to ensure project construction in order to prevent construction organization design of forma lity. Progress of the construction organization design of project quality, security, strong measures o f protection. In conditions of considerable resources to achieve economic benefit of the project an d achieve the win-win purpose construction and economic benefit.施工组织设计的重要性摘要：建筑工程在施工过程中，施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量，对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。
施工组织设计英文文献翻译
施工组织设计英文文献翻译Construction Organization Design - English Literature TranslationConstruction organization design is an essential aspect of construction project management. It involves the planning, coordination, and control of various activities and resources to ensure the successful execution of a construction project. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept by translating relevant English literature on the subject.1. IntroductionConstruction organization design refers to the systematic arrangement of responsibilities, authorities, communication, and resources within a construction project. It aims to optimize project performance while considering factors such as project objectives, scope, constraints, and available resources.2. The Importance of Construction Organization DesignEfficient construction organization design is crucial for the successful completion of a construction project. It helps in optimizing resource allocation, reducing project delays, improving communication, and enhancing overall project performance. A well-designed construction organization structure ensures that project tasks are assigned to the right individuals or teams, thereby maximizing productivity.3. Factors Influencing Construction Organization DesignVarious factors influence the design of construction organization, including project size, complexity, location, contractual agreements, and stakeholder requirements. The project manager must assess these factors and develop an organizational structure that fosters effective coordination, communication, and collaboration among project participants.4. Construction Organization Design ApproachesSeveral approaches can be adopted for construction organization design, depending on the project's unique characteristics. These include functional, project-based, matrix, and hybrid organizational structures. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and the selection depends on the project's specific requirements.4.1 Functional OrganizationIn a functional organization, employees are grouped based on their areas of expertise, such as engineering, procurement, and construction. This structure promotes specialization and allows for efficient resource utilization. However, it may result in limited communication and coordination between functional units.4.2 Project-Based OrganizationIn a project-based organization, teams are assembled specifically for each project. This structure promotes effective communication and coordination among team members. However, it may lead to duplication of resources and increase project costs.4.3 Matrix OrganizationThe matrix organization combines the functional and project-based structures. It involves a dual reporting system, where employees have both functional and project managers. This approach enhances communication and coordination while maintaining functional expertise. However, it can also create conflicts between functional and project managers.4.4 Hybrid OrganizationA hybrid organization structure is a customized approach that combines elements from various organizational structures. It allows for flexibility and can be tailored to meet the specific needs of a construction project. The hybrid structure may combine functional, project-based, or matrix elements.5. Challenges in Construction Organization DesignDesigning an effective construction organization structure is not without challenges. These challenges include the need for interdepartmental coordination, the dynamic nature of construction projects, changing stakeholder requirements, project uncertainties, and cultural differences among workers. Project managers must address these challenges to ensure the smooth functioning of the construction organization.6. ConclusionConstruction organization design plays a vital role in the successful execution of construction projects. It involves the systematic arrangement of responsibilities, communication, and resources, considering various project factors. The choice of organizational structure depends on factors such as project size, complexity, and stakeholder requirements. By addressingchallenges and adopting a suitable organizational structure, project managers can optimize project performance and achieve project objectives.In conclusion, construction organization design is a critical aspect of construction project management. This article aimed to provide an understanding of the concept by translating relevant English literature. It discussed the importance of construction organization design, factors influencing the design, different approaches, challenges, and the significance of effective organization design in construction projects.。
施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文[管理资料]
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not only directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project construction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project quality with high quality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1. The reason for the importance of the design of construction organizationThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general industrial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is employed. The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organization of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacityallocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2. The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building products play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overview and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is more important. For example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget. The price changes. Under the premise of guaranteeingproject quality and satisfying the owner's use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cost.The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is an important part of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in determining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangements. It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the construction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine thebasic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out any production without effectively solving the problem. .3. Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick for evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the following suggestions.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organization's design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the start of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost. Technical organization measures to lower the cost ofprice results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The degree of factory construction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporary engineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of temporary engineering expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3. 3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organization design; The comparison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4. Management of construction organization designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements interms of technical equipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees' professional skills. The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur: There is no preparation of auditing before the commencement of the construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe construction. The phenomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction personnel shall design the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current construction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt withindiscriminately.The level of construction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the sub-item construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the construction organization. designed.Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the economic indicators of the sub-item was not taken into consideration, which caused continuous disputes during the settlement of the project and caused economic losses. Therefore, we must manage the construction organization design:(1) Implement dynamic managementDuring the construction process, it will inevitably encounter unexpected problems, such as design changes, natural factors, etc. Changes in the construction process at each stage will result in the adjustment of on-site plans. Therefore, dynamic management must be carried out according to the changed site conditions. , Make necessary modifications, supplements, and optimizations to the inappropriate parts of the construction organization design to achieve the establishedconstruction goals.(2) Implement hierarchical managementThe implementation of project law construction, the separation of management and operation layers, and the gradual reduction of fixed workers will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of general contracting and subcontracting. The successful bidders have changed from direct management of the past to direct technical disclosure to indirect management and indirect technologies. As a result, management should be layered according to the design of the construction organization, and the technical authority, responsibilities and working procedures of the general contracting and subcontracting units, management and operation layers should be clearly defined.5 ConclusionDuring the construction of the project, the organization and design of the construction must be supervised and controlled to ensure the orderly construction of the project and prevent the construction organization from flowing into the form. Construction organization design is a powerful measure to ensure project quality, safety and progress. Under certain resource conditions, the technical and economic benefits of the project can be achieved, and the purpose of win-win construction and economic benefits can be achieved.中文译文施工组织设计的重要性G Baecker摘要建筑工程在施工过程中, 施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量, 对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。
施工组织设计(中英文对照)
目录Contents一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation (2)二、工程概况Project Profile (6)三、施工准备Preparations for the Commencement (9)四、项目组织管理机构The Project Administration Organization (14)五、土建部分主要施工方法The Main Construction Method for the Civil Work (21)六、装饰装修工程主要施工方法The Main Construction Method for Finishing Work (46)七、安装部分主要施工方法Main working plan for installation (52)八、季节性施工措施Working plan for seasonality (65)九、质量保证措施Quality guarantee measurement (68)十、工期保证措施The steps for time limitation guarantee (73)十一、安全生产措施Security Production Measurement (76)十二、现场文明施工措施Field civilization working measures (86)十四、工程资料的整理及归档project material settling and filing (90)十五、工程回访维修制度Project revisit repair system (91)十六、施工总平面布置图The layout of the jobsite (92)十七、形象进度计划表Schedule Chart (94)附图:施工现场平面布置图附表：总的施工进度计划表一、编制说明Explanation to the Compilation1.1综合说明Comprehensive Explanations首先，我们诚恳地表示：我们将全心全意为业主服务，服从业主、监理的管理，和设计单位、各分包单位一起共同完成本项目的建设任务.我们通过认真学习和研究招标文件及有关图纸资料,并踏勘施工现场，在分析了各种外部环境和内部条件，以及工程施工的特点以后,我们有充分的信心保证高质量、如期、全面完成本工程招标文件规定的工程范围的任务。
绿化工程施工组织设计中英文版参考
一、施工组织设计Construction Organization Plan1、主要施工方法及技术方案The main job practice and the technical plan一、施工准备工作1th, the construction preparatory work1、技术准备The technology prepares组织项目部骨干成员熟悉和审查施工图纸：在施工前应研究熟悉设计图纸的详细内容，以便掌握设计意图。
特别要注意的是施工说明、施工方法和施工界限。
To organize the project department backbone member to be familiar with with the examination construction blueprint: Should study the familiar design paper before the construction the detailed content, in order to grasps the design intention. Specially must pay attention is constructs the explanation, the job practice and the construction boundary.2、物资准备Commodity preparation植物材料准备、机械设备准备、生活物资准备等。
各材料均应及时进场。
Plant material preparation, mechanical device preparation, life commodity preparation and so on. Various materials should promptly enter the arena.3、劳动组织准备The labor organization prepares组织专业施工队伍进场，各成员的职责如下：To organize the specialized construction troop to enter the arena, various members' responsibility as follows:项目经理全面负责本工程的各项事务。
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毕业设计（论文）
外文翻译
题目福建LNG码头施工总体部署及
LNG码头工作平台施工方案设计专业港口航道与海岸工程
班级2012级3班
学生颜扬
指导教师成厚昌王学军
重庆交通大学
2016年
关于中国与欧洲在土木工程技术标准化
上的对比性研究
摘要：土木工程标准既是技术指标原则，又是在土木工程领域的应用的限制原则，而且他们是从事土木工程行业的基本原则。
进行中国与欧洲在土木工程领域的有关标准体系、标准管理体系、标准运作体系的对比性研究，我们可以了解到欧洲在土木工程标准上的标准级别领域的优势，了解到标准化组织、标准起草制定、标准的转化和适用，还可以了解到中国标准和欧洲国家标准之间的关系。
并且怎样改革和提升中国的土木工程技术标准的发展方向也在这些个方面中有所涉及和提示，以致使中国的土木工程行业有效管理的基础得以夯实。
关键词：土木工程管理技术标准化对比性研究标准管理体系
行业标准
一、介绍
土木工程标准既是技术指标原则，又是在土木工程领域的应用的限制原则。
而且他们是从事土木工程行业的基本原则，尤其是从它们的内容，汇编的结构和水平等方面上看，他们对工程领域的发展有着特别重要的影响。
在市场体系中，一个改进过的并且先进的技术标准体系是促进国民经济和社会发展、规范市场经济秩序、改善社会主义市场经济体制、提高国际竞争力的需求的重要的技术基础。
在过去的20年中，随着国际经济体系的形成和发展，中国的土木工程技术标准发展良好并有很大进步。
数量和覆盖范围得到了巨大的改善，并且已经在我国工程建筑的发展上起到了巨大的作用。
然而，由于计划经
济保守性的影响，中国现行的标准化管理在标准体系、标准管理体系、标准运用体系和其他领域上与发达国家之间存在着巨大差距。
部分操作方式未能达到WTO协定要求的情况严重阻碍了中国“走新型工业化道路，实现经济、社会和人的全面协调发展的小康社会”的既定目标之实现。
关于中国与欧洲在土木工程技术标准化上的对比的研究，此论文的课题分析了土木工程领域上的欧洲标准的优势，并且探究了中国土木工程技术标准的未来改革和发展的前进方向以及在国内已经奠定的土木工程工业有效管理机制的基础。
一、中国的土木工程技术标准化
1、标准体系
根据“中华人民共和国标准化法”，中国的标准划分为四个部分，它们是：国家标准、工业标准、地方标准和企业标准。
此外，由于技术一直在发展，有一些项目需要相关的有标准化值的标准文件带领其发展而不能被制定为一个标准的项目，并且应该制定那些通过了国际标准化组织、国际电工委员会和其它相关国际组织的技术报告的国家标准化技术文件。
根据它们的特点，中国标准包括强制性标准和推荐性标准。
国家标准和工业标准的特征是强制和自愿的标准规程同时存在，并且强制的标准占有大部分比例。
在中国，土木工程的标准化工作开始于20世纪50年代，它主要由以下十个科目组成：（1）工程材料；（2）工程勘察；（3）工程地基和基础；（4）建设工程；（5）公共工程；（6）道路工程；（7）铁路工程；（8）港口与航道工程；（9）水利水电工程；（10）工程灾害。
此外，土木工程还涉及电力、煤炭、建筑材料、机械装置、电子学、造船、通信、造林学和其他行业。
在中国，土木工程的技术标准制定下发主要考虑一下几个方面：（1）
工程勘察、设计、建造和接收的质量要求和方法；（2）对工程设计、建造、使用安全、健康、环境保护的要求；（3）对技术语言和模量、工程容量的要求；（4）试点项目、测试和评估方法；（5）对项目管理的技术要求。
中国的土木工程标准包括以下三个层次：
第一层次——基本标准，如模量、承载能力、符号、术语标准、等级、分类等。
第二层次——共同标准，它是针对某一特定工程类型而发展的通用标准，如某些类型的通用工程测量、设计、建造和检验标准，测试方法共同标准。
第三层次——特殊标准，它是针对某一具体问题，个别发展的标准，如具体工程测量、设计、建造和检验标准，一个标准的测试方法。
以上我国的土木工程标准的四个级别两大分类主要划分自规范化管理，标志着标准的应用范围和法律属性，能够随着我国的经济和政治体系的改变而改变。
以上我国土木工程标准的十个科目和三个层次主要是在标准的技术特征和限制关系的基础上划分，反映了内在特征和技术标准的关系并且不会随着经济和政治体系改变而改变。
到2000年底，在19278部国家标准中，采用国际标准和国外先进规范的有8387部，采用比率是43.5%。
目前有17910部通过ISO，IEC标准被转化成中国国标的有6159部，转化率为34.4%。
2、标准管理系统
中国的标准化管理体系是标准化行政主管部门统一管理全国标准化，目前由国务院（国家质量技术监督局）主管；国务院行政主管部门主管行业的标准化和行业部门。
各个行政区域的标准化工作均一律由各自省份、自治区和直辖市的标准化组织负责。
水利部是水文标准化工作的行政管理部门，它负责管理国际合作、科
学和技术部门。
在水利部标准的内容中，国际合作和技术标准化的主要职能是制定水质标准、解决行业技术规程问题、规范和监督以政府主导为特点的组织行为实施。
3、标准运作系统
在我国建设项目标准化主要依赖少数政府机构和专业协会标准化，自上而下都由政府引导标准化工作。
除了专业标准化协会，想要参与标准制定的非政府组织要求申请并且允许拿出标准计划，或者接受标准部门的制定或修改标准的委托。
如拿水技术标准举例，主要的标准条款由标准局或执行部门制定，而很少由水利企业制定。
国家标准的准备计划需要由水利部报告给建设部和质量部，然后水行业标准的准备计划要在水利部发表。
相关组织和标准监督部门的工作将由水利部司的专家履行。
建设部和质量部批准国家标准，水利行业标准由水利部制定。
标准的版权并不归属于它的编制者或管理者，而是归属于行政部门。
并且标准由政府部门出版，在出版商公开发行下销售，所得收入不属于标准的制定者或其管理者。
二、欧洲的土木工程技术标准化
1、标准体系
在欧洲的标准化组织的反复地、持续地应用下，欧洲标准已成非强制性应用的技术规程，它们是在众多发达国家中使用的统一标准。
该系统是在发达国家以及普遍的相应机构和文件中最早、最完整的标准体系。
欧洲标准化组织包括欧洲标准化委员会（CEN）、欧洲电子技术标准化委员会（CENELEC）、欧洲电信标准协会（ETSI）。
土木工程技术标准的相关组织是欧洲标准化委员会。
CEN标准和技术文件包括四类：
（1）欧洲标准（EN）：该标准由CEN和其他欧洲组织制定，EN是以德
国标准和英国标准为基础，但是它的权威性高于英国、德国、法国
及其他国的国家标准，它代表着最先进的国际标准和严格的制度。
（2）统一文件（HD）：在欧洲标准的制定过程中，当在标准内容以及标准化体系成员中有缺乏统筹协调情况时，既当“民族偏见”不可避
免时，HD就将会被用到。
（3）ENV：该标准由CEN和CENELEC为用以将来而制定，临时执行情况的持续时间是三年，并且不符合国家标准的也能被保留。
（4）CEN/CECELEC报告（CR）：作为这两个欧洲组织的新闻出版物，包括有未被通过的标准、合作文件的草样、国际标准在所有成员国
的施用差异情况、某个纯技术问题等等。
起草一项新的标准，欧洲标准化组织会积极采用国际标准作为欧洲标准。
目前，CEN所采用的欧洲标准中有32%直接采用了ISO标准。
2、标准管理体系
欧洲标准化委员会（CEN）成立于1961年，与法国的标准化组织支持协会工作。
它于1975年将总部搬至布鲁塞尔，并且成为一个正规的国际性、非盈利科学技术组织，目前，该组织有208名成员。
根据CEN于1981年十月修订后的议事规则，CEN包括全体大会、管理委员会、科技部门、中央秘书处、技术委员会。
CEN的技术结构是技术委员会（TC），因为TC是基于合成标准的需要而设的，它将在任务完成之后废止，所以会有更大的变化。
技术委员会与土木工程相关联的有欧洲混凝土委员会（CEB）、欧洲水泥协会（CEMBUREAU）、欧洲建造合同联邦（UEAtc）等。
3、标准运作系统
为了实现欧洲标准和国际标准的结合，CEN试着采用已有的国际标准应用于某个欧洲标准。
由ISO/IEC或CEN实施的标准化项目，要同时被
两个机构并行通过认可。
标准草样的通过，要同时作为国际和欧洲标准被颁布和实施；并参与到相互的议会中以增进交流。
欧洲标准化委员会可以被欧委会授权，满足成员国的要求，满足欧洲业界的要求和他们自己的提议，CEN开始起草一部标准，然后就会设置一个工作小组，其成员包括各成员国的代表。
完成标准的起草工作，成员提出他们的意见和观点。
然后标准草样就会根据成员国的代表分组讨论后的反馈意见进行修订，通过全体大会他们才会通过欧洲标准。