动词 专升本英语语法详细讲解课件

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• 5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that.
• She grew rich within a short time. 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意,例如: The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult.
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实义动词
• 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类, 及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. (sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. (sing用作及物动词。)
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• 根据动词的组成形式,可分为, 单字词(One-Word Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. The young ought to take care of the old.
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• 动词有五种形态, 分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、 过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。
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系动词
• 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后 边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. He fell off the ladder.

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• d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句
• I don‘t like him. e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening.
• He did know that.
• 3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
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• 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,动词可分两类:限定动词和非限定动词 She sings very well. She wants to learn English well.
说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词 (Gerund)、分词(Participle)。
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短语动词
• 动词加小品词构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词,例如: Turn off the radio.
• 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种: 1) 动词+副词,如:break out; 2) 动词+介词,如:look into; 3) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。(构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词 (Particle)。)
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• 时态与时间状语 时间状语
一般现在时 every …, sometimes,

at …, on Sunday,
一般过去时 yesterday, last week,

an hour ago, the other day,

in 1982, just now
一般将来时 next…, tomorrow, in+时间,
过去进行时 this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
将来进行时 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
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2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用: a. 表示时态,:
He is singing. He has got married.
b. 表示语态, He was sent to England.
c. 构成疑问句, Do you like college life? • Did you study English before you came here?
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结语
谢谢大家!
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• 时态一致 1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实,则永远用现在时。 At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen.
• 2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。 He thought that I need not tell you the truth.
动词 专升本英语语法详细讲解课 件
• 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
动词
• 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)
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• 有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting. (having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York. (has是助动词。)
• His plan turned out a success.
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助动词
• 1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要 动词(Main Verb)。 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English.
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非谓语动词
• 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不
定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式来自百度文库
时态\语态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
现在完成时 for, since, so far, ever,

never, just, yet, till/until, up to now,

in past years, recently
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过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
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1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher.
2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting.
• 非谓语动词的否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词, not + 现在分词 •
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动词的时态
• 时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动 词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一 般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完 成进行时.
This matter rests a mystery.
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• 3)表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
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• 2) 动名词
时态\语态 主动
被动
一般式 doing
being done
完成式having done having been done
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• 3)分词
时态\语态 主动
一般式
doing
被动 being done
• 完成式 having done having been done
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