高考英语重点词汇辨析—动词

动词部分

1．accuse / charge

accuse 和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with sth，此结构还有“使某人负有……责任”之意。

My father accused me of my being too careless. 父亲责备我太粗心。

He accused me of neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。

He charged me with neglecting my duty. 他指控我玩忽职守。

Jimmy was charged with murder. 吉米被控谋杀。

He was charged with an important task. 他担负有一项重要任务。

2．add / add to / add up / add up to

add：增加，把……加上。add…to…：把……加到。

At the end of the party, we added another program.

You needn’t add any water to the medicine.

add to：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。

His coming added to our trouble. 他的到来给我们添了麻烦。

add up：加起来。

Have you added up all the numbers?

add up to：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。

All the numbers added up to 100.

3．advise / suggest

advise：建议，劝说。

I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)

I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。)

I advised him to give up smoking.

I advised him not to smoke.

Could you advise us on how to learn English?

Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?

suggest：建议，表明，暗示。

We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise)

We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。

His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. 他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。

4．agree with / agree to / agree on

agree with：同意，赞成后接“人”或what从句作宾语；适合，适应；一致。

I don’t quite agree with you.

Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.

The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. 这里的天气我们多数人不适应。

3：Your words do not agree with your actions. 你的言行不一。

agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。

John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.

agree on：对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。

Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.

5．allow / permit / let / promise

allow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。

Who allowed you to leave the camp？

Smoking is not allowed here.

Please allow me to introduce myself to you.

permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。

He declared that he would permit me to do so.

allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。

let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。

Don’t let this happen again.

This is not allowed to happen again. 不说：This is not let to happen again.

promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。

They promised an immediate reply.

He promised to start at once.

I promised him to see to the matter right away.

(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)

6．announce / declare

announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。

The government announced that the danger was past.

It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.

另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain 等。

He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”

他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”

declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。

The chairman declared the exhibition open. 主席宣布展览会开幕。

7．answer / reply

answer：回答，回应。

“Tom!” No one answered.

Please answer the door-bell. 请去开门。

He answered that he knew nothing about it．

No one was able to answer him a word．

reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。

He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”

He replied that he would not go．

Not a word did she reply．她一句话也不应。

answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。

He made no answer / reply to his questions.

8．appear / look / seem

appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。

This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.

这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。

seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。

You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.

你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。