拍卖的形式

拍卖的形式

拍卖是人类社会特殊的商品交易方式，近现代以来在世界各国广为发展。接下来小编为大家整理了拍卖的形式，希望对你有帮助哦!

Vickrey auction 维克瑞拍卖

Vickrey auction, also known as a sealed-bid second-price auction. This is identical to the sealed first-price auction except that the winning bidder pays the second highest bid rather than their own. This is very similar to the proxy bidding system used by eBay, where the winner pays the second highest bid plus a bidding increment (e.g., 10%).

维克瑞拍卖，也称为第二价格密封拍卖。这种拍卖方式与首价密封拍卖基本相同，区别仅在于胜出者需要支付的价格是第二高的报价，而不是他自己的报价。这与易趣网所使用的代理人竞价系统相似，在这个系统中，胜出者需要支付第二高的报价，再加上一个报价的增额(如10%)。

Although extremely important in auction theory, in practice Vickrey auctions are rarely used.

尽管这种方式在拍卖理论中占据重要地位，但在实际中，维克瑞拍卖方式却很少被使用。

English auction 英式拍卖

English auction, also known as an open ascending price auction. This type of auction is arguably the most common form of auction in use today. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid higher than the previous bid. An auctioneer may announce prices, bidders may call out their bids themselves (or have a proxy call out a bid on their behalf), or bids may be submitted electronically with the highest current bid publicly displayed. In some cases a maximum bid might be left with the auctioneer, who may bid on behalf of the bidder

according to the bidder's instructions. The auction ends when no participant is willing to bid further, at which point the highest bidder pays their bid. Alternatively, if the seller has set a minimum sale price in advance (the 'reserve' price) and the final bid does not reach that price the item remains unsold. Sometimes the auctioneer sets a minimum amount by which the next bid must exceed the current highest bid.

英式拍卖，也称为公开增价拍卖。据称这种拍卖形式是当今最常见的拍卖方式。买家公开相互竞价，每次竞价都要比前一次的竞价更高。可以由拍卖师宣报价格，也可以由买家自己报价(或者请一位代理人代表买家报价)。当没有人愿意继续竞价时拍卖结束，出价最高者需支付所报出的价格。或者，如果卖家已经提前设定了最低售价(“保留价”)，而最终的竞价没有达到这个价格，拍卖品则不出售。有时候拍卖师会限定最低报价增幅，从而使下一次竞价必须高于当前的最高价格。

The most significant distinguishing factor of this auction type is that the current highest bid is always available to potential bidders. The English auction is commonly used for selling goods, most prominently antiques and artwork, but also secondhand goods and real estate. At least two bidders are required.

这种拍卖方式最显著的特点在于，当前最高竞价始终对潜在的买家公开。英式拍卖目前广泛用于商品出售，主要是古董和艺术品拍卖，也用于二手商品和房地产拍卖。这种拍卖需要至少两个买家的参与。

Dutch auction 荷兰式拍卖

Dutch auction also known as an open descending price auction. In the traditional Dutch auction the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price. The winning participant pays the last announced price.

荷兰式拍卖，也称为公开降价拍卖。在传统的荷兰式拍卖中，拍