初高中英语衔接之句子成分教学

五、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： 9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( 过去分词 ) 10.There are two things to be discussed today. （ 不定式 ） 11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan? （ 动名词） 12.This is the very book that I need. （ 从句 ）
主语
谓语
表语
状语
系动词、连系动词 • 3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受， 三）表语 它的位置在_______________之 特征 一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词或从句等充 性质 后。是用来说明主语的_______,______, 当。常用的连系动词有：be，get, become， 状态 _______的. turn，go，stay， keep,look， sound(听起 来)，feel，smell,taste(尝起来)等。
Though he is young, he knows a lot. He came running.
（地点
伴随）
（地点
时间）wk.baidu.com
（让步）
（方式）
句子成分7
• The parents named their baby Tony.
• 补语：用来补充主语和宾语的意义，一般 都着重说明主语或宾语的身份或特征
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有
prove, turn out
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
三、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. He is a teacher. ( 名词 ) 2. My idea is this.( 代词 ) 3. She was the first to arrive.( 数词 ) 4. I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( 形容词/副词 ) 5. He is out of danger.( 介词短语 ) 6. The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( 分词 ) 7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( 从句 )
John often came to chat with me． (程度 目的) As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. (原因) She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.
They saw a bird flying in the sky. (现在分词)
句子成分8
八、同位语
• 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词 或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 – The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
二、宾语
宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.She lived a happy life.( 名词 ) 2.I love you.( 代词) 3.We need two.( 数词 ) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?(动名词) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.(不定式 ) 6.He did not know what to say.(疑问词+不定式) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( 从句 ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语 )
感叹词
interj.
oh, hello, hi, er
句子成分 1
• My brother teaches English at a school.
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
• 主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是 句子的主要成分。一般放在句首，但 有时也放在其它位置，由名词、代词、数词、 不定式或动名词等充当。
句子成分3
• My brother teaches English at a school.
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
• 宾语：及物动词的动作对象和介词所联 系的对象，常由名词或相当于名词的词 担任，位于动词或介词之后
句子成分4
• Brown • It is is a teacher. fine today.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要 有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.
系动词
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词 He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或 态度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting.
四、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1.It’s a red car.( 形容词) 2.They live in the room above.( 副词 ) 3.My brother is a teacher.( 代词 ) 4.We belong to the third world.( 数词 ) 5.Lucy’s father is a poor worker.( 名词所有格 ) 6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( 名词 ) 7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( 介词短语 ) 8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( 现在分词 )
Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补）
He is called Jack.（主补）
5.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一 般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构
成复合宾语。 “宾补”一般由不定式短语、
分词、名词、形容词、副词等充当。常接复 合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，ask，
预备知识点一：词类概述
词类 名词 冠词 代词 数词 形容词 副词 动词 介词 连词 英语名称 n. art. pron. num. adj. adv. v. prep. conj. 作用 表示人或事物的名称 用在名词前，起修饰或限定作用 代替名词或数词 表示数量或顺序 修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征 修饰动词、形容词、句子或其它 副词 表动作或状态 用在名词、代词或数词前，表示 和句中其它词的关系 用来连接词与词或句与句 表示说话时的感情或口气 例词 man,dog, tree, book a, an, the I, you, that, this, some, a few one, two, first red, beautiful, young, old very, quickly, often, here walk, run, study, be in, on, at, behind, from and, but, if, or
六、状语
状语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1. He is often late for class.( 副词，程度 ) 2. We saw that picture at the cinema.( 介词短语，地点 )
3. He sat there smoking.( 分词，伴随 )
4. They returned tired and hungry. （ 形容词，状态） 5. They did everything they could to save the boy’s life. （ 不定式，目的 ） 6. Although he is young, he knows a lot. (让步状语从句) 7. The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it. ( 结果状语从句 )
see，have，order，make等。
We elected him monitor.
(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well. (形容词) The doctor told me to do more exercise. (不定式短语) He is going to have his hair cut. (过去分词)
句子成分6
• My brother teaches English at a school.
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
• 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句， 一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。 说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方 向、程度、目的等单个副词作状语一般放在被修 饰词之前，短语或 从句放在句首或句末.
一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ 名词 ） 2. He likes dancing. （ 代词 ） 3. Two will be enough.( 数词 ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ 动名词 ） 6. To see is to believe. （不定式 ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( 疑问词+不定式) 8. What he needs is a book. （ 从句 ） 9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语 （ ）
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻， 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的 主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本 身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻 译下列句子吗？ 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( 说谎是错误的。) 2) It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 3) It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。 )
句子成分5
• Jane is a beautiful girl. • John had a great desire to travel. • Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.
定语：限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词。常由名 词、数词、非谓语动词、形容词或相当于形容词 的短语或从句担任。形容词位于名词之前 ，短 语或从句置于名词之后。
句子成分2
• My brother teaches English at a school. 主语 谓语 宾语
状语
• 谓语：说明主语做什么或怎么样，描述主语的动 作或状态，一般由动词当。动词分为实义动词、 连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作 谓语；连系动词与表语一起构成谓语；情态动词 与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语；助动词与动词 原形共同构成谓语部分。