辅助人力资本
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S-specific job
特殊工作
TRADITIONAL
JOB-BASED
EMPLOYMENT 传统的以工作为
基础的雇佣
Low
Lepak & Snell, 2001
Low
VALUE 价值
high 高
Core Human Capital核心人力资本
Employment Mode: knowledge work雇佣方式：知识工作 Employment Relationship: organization-focused雇佣关系：组织为核心
• limited to rules & procedures •局限于规章、流程 • administrative行政管理
HHuummaannCCaappititaallAArcrchhitieteccttuurree
Unique
Idiosyncratic Core
Low Value
High Value
• external recruitment外部招募 • achievement成就
HHuummaann CCapital Arrchitecttuurree
• limited to firm-specific 局限于公司的具体情况
• short-term focus 关注短期
Unique
Idiosyncratic Core
design engineers (w/ Boeing)设计工程师
HHuummaann CCaappiittaallAArrcchhiitteeccttuurree
Unique
trainers (Merck/Forum)培训师 authors (McGraw-Hill)作者
Idiosyncratic Core
R&D Partners
Mfg
Legal HR
TMT
Sales
TMT
R&D HR
Sales
MIS Rapids
Fin
Biologicals
Distribution
Fin
Manufacturing/ Operations
Cust Serv
R&D Customer Service
Quality
TRADITIONAL JOB-BASED
COLLABORATIVE HRM SYSTEM合作的人力资源管理系统
Job Design 工作设计
EMPLOYMENT
LLooww
Scott A. Snell, Cornell University
LLooww
VVAALLUUEE
hhigighh
C2 = Rapid Learning
Idiosyncratic Human Capital独特的人力资本
• Low Strategic Value: Intermittent link to competence低战略价值：与核心价值间接联系
hihigghh
UUNINIQQUUEE
ALLIANCE/ PARTNER
KNOWLEDGE WORK
R&D
KKEEYY FiFniannacnece HR
HR TMTMTT MMISIS Mfg/Operations
Mfg/Operations MMarakrekte/St/aSlaelses R&D
Unique
payroll (Continental)薪水单 catering (ARAMARK)筹办人员
Idiosyncratic Core
Low Value
High Value
Ancillary Compulsory
Generic
BIOTECH, INC: Mapping Human Capital
R&D Quality
Quality Biologicals
Biologicals Cust. Service
Cust. Service RaRpaipdidDDiaiga.g. Legal/Reg.
Legal/Reg. DDistisritbriubtuiotinon
CONTRACT WORK
Rapids
Cust Serv
R&D Customer Service
Quality
TRADITIONAL JOB-BASED
EMPLOYMENT
LLooww
Scott A. Snell, Cornell University
LLooww
VVAALLUUEE
hhigighh
C2 = Rapid Learning
Human Capital Architecture
Unique
Idiosyncratic Core
Low Value
High Value
Ancillary Compulsory
Generic
Compulsory Human Capital公用型人力资本
Employment Mode: traditional job雇佣方式：传统工作 Employment Relationship: job focused雇佣关系：工作为核心
Legal/Reg. DDistisritbriubtuiotinon
CONTRACT WORK
Rapids
R&D Partners
Mfg
Legal HR
TMT
Sales
TMT
R&D HR
Sales
MIS Rapids
Fin
Biologicals
Distribution
Fin
Manufacturing/ Operations
ALLIANCE/ PARTNER 联盟/伙伴
KNOWLEDGE
WORK知识性工作
T&D-investment技术培训投资
PA-strategy contribute战略性捐赠
$-performance绩效 Job-empower授权
Job-cuJsotbo-mdiyzneadm用i户c 化的S-工so作$l-vbeopnruosbJloebm-rsJo解otba决-tsioe问ncu工题ri作ty安轮全换
Ancillary Human Capital辅助人力资本
• Low Strategic Value: Operational role低战略价值：操作性角色
• Low Uniqueness: Generic knowledge and skills普遍性：普遍性知识和技能
Employment Mode: contract work雇佣方式：合同工
Job Design 工作设计
• well-defined准确定义 • limited scope范围有限
Staffing 员工供给
Development 培训
Appraisal 评价
• outsourced (perhaps)外部资源（也许） • contract for a specific task为特别的任务招聘
HR TMTMTT MMISIS Mfg/Operations
Mfg/Operations MMarakrekte/St/aSlaelses R&D
R&D Quality
Quality Biologicals
Biologicals Cust. Service
Cust. Service RaRpaipdidDDiaiga.g. Legal/Reg.
Ancillary Compulsory
Rewards
• hourly or contract-contingent
Generic
报酬
•按小时或临时工作付薪
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Idiosyncratic Human Capital独特的人力资本
Employment Mode: partnership雇佣方式：伙伴 Employment Relationship: collaborative雇佣关系：合作
工作动力
S-strategy contribute战略捐赠
$-salary薪酬
S-best最好
PA-quality质量 $-industry experience
$-high高级
工业经验
T&D-team技术研 S-promote w/in提升 发团队 S-potential潜力PA-develop培训
Employment Relationship: transactional雇佣关系：交易
Examples: assemblers (Nike)装配工人
clerical workers (Halliburton)办事员
HHuummaann CCaappiittaallAArrcchhiitteeccttuurree
Development 培训
Appraisal 评价
Rewards 报酬
• continuous on-the-job现场培训 • firm-specific 公司特色
• focus on strategic contribution关 注对战略的贡献 • developmental培训 • external equity (high wages)外部 公平（高工资） • pay for knowledge, experience, seniority为知识，经验、资历付薪 • ownership and perks持股
Job-narrow/simple 工作范围小、简单
Job-standardized T&D-current job
标准化
现在的工作
S-immediate perform直接行为
$-group
群体
$-internal equity内 部公平
T&D-external外部
T&D-short-term 短期研发
研究：152家超过 200雇员的多元产品
公司的CEO,资深人 Plotting HR Practices人力资源实践策略
力专员，一线经理
高
唯 一 性
UNIQUE
high
STUDY:
152 multi-product firms >200 employees
CEO, VPHR, line execs
Ancillary Human Capital辅助性人力资本
Employment Mode: contract work雇佣方式：合同工 Employment Relationship: transactional雇佣关系：交易
COMPLIANCE-BASED HRM SYSTEM服从为基础的人力资源管理系统
Low Value
High Value
Ancillary Compulsory
Generic
BIOTECH, INC: Mapping Human Capital
hihigghh
UUNINIQQUUEE
ALLIANCE/ PARTNER
KNOWLEDGE WORK
R&D
KKEEYY FiFniannacnece HR
• High Uniqueness: Specialized knowledge and skills独一无二：特殊的知识和技能
Employment Mode: partnership雇佣方式：伙伴
Employment Relationship: collaborative雇佣关系：合作
Examples: “wild ducks” (IBM)野鸭
T&D-continuous持续性 T&D-OJT在职培训
PA-work w/others
KEY
Job design工作设计 Staffing人员供给 Training培训 Appraisal评价 Compensation补贴
$-short-term短期 $-hourly小时
CONTRACT WORK合同工
PRODUCTIVTY-BASED HRM SYSTEM生产率为基础的人力资源管理系统
Job Design 工作设计
• clearly defined清晰定义 • moderately empowered适度授权
Staffing 员工供给
Development 培训
Appraisal 评价
Rewards 报酬
COMMITMENT-BASED HRM SYSTEM以责任为基础的人力资源管理系统
Job Design 工作设计
• enriched & empowered授权、提供资源 • customized用户导向
Staffing 员工供给
• aptitude (able to learn)才能（学习能力） • promote from within提升
• developmental培训
Low Value
High Value
• focus on performance关注绩效 Ancillary Compulsory
• external equity (market rate)外部公平（G市ener场ic 比例） • pay for performance为绩效付薪
特殊工作
TRADITIONAL
JOB-BASED
EMPLOYMENT 传统的以工作为
基础的雇佣
Low
Lepak & Snell, 2001
Low
VALUE 价值
high 高
Core Human Capital核心人力资本
Employment Mode: knowledge work雇佣方式：知识工作 Employment Relationship: organization-focused雇佣关系：组织为核心
• limited to rules & procedures •局限于规章、流程 • administrative行政管理
HHuummaannCCaappititaallAArcrchhitieteccttuurree
Unique
Idiosyncratic Core
Low Value
High Value
• external recruitment外部招募 • achievement成就
HHuummaann CCapital Arrchitecttuurree
• limited to firm-specific 局限于公司的具体情况
• short-term focus 关注短期
Unique
Idiosyncratic Core
design engineers (w/ Boeing)设计工程师
HHuummaann CCaappiittaallAArrcchhiitteeccttuurree
Unique
trainers (Merck/Forum)培训师 authors (McGraw-Hill)作者
Idiosyncratic Core
R&D Partners
Mfg
Legal HR
TMT
Sales
TMT
R&D HR
Sales
MIS Rapids
Fin
Biologicals
Distribution
Fin
Manufacturing/ Operations
Cust Serv
R&D Customer Service
Quality
TRADITIONAL JOB-BASED
COLLABORATIVE HRM SYSTEM合作的人力资源管理系统
Job Design 工作设计
EMPLOYMENT
LLooww
Scott A. Snell, Cornell University
LLooww
VVAALLUUEE
hhigighh
C2 = Rapid Learning
Idiosyncratic Human Capital独特的人力资本
• Low Strategic Value: Intermittent link to competence低战略价值：与核心价值间接联系
hihigghh
UUNINIQQUUEE
ALLIANCE/ PARTNER
KNOWLEDGE WORK
R&D
KKEEYY FiFniannacnece HR
HR TMTMTT MMISIS Mfg/Operations
Mfg/Operations MMarakrekte/St/aSlaelses R&D
Unique
payroll (Continental)薪水单 catering (ARAMARK)筹办人员
Idiosyncratic Core
Low Value
High Value
Ancillary Compulsory
Generic
BIOTECH, INC: Mapping Human Capital
R&D Quality
Quality Biologicals
Biologicals Cust. Service
Cust. Service RaRpaipdidDDiaiga.g. Legal/Reg.
Legal/Reg. DDistisritbriubtuiotinon
CONTRACT WORK
Rapids
Cust Serv
R&D Customer Service
Quality
TRADITIONAL JOB-BASED
EMPLOYMENT
LLooww
Scott A. Snell, Cornell University
LLooww
VVAALLUUEE
hhigighh
C2 = Rapid Learning
Human Capital Architecture
Unique
Idiosyncratic Core
Low Value
High Value
Ancillary Compulsory
Generic
Compulsory Human Capital公用型人力资本
Employment Mode: traditional job雇佣方式：传统工作 Employment Relationship: job focused雇佣关系：工作为核心
Legal/Reg. DDistisritbriubtuiotinon
CONTRACT WORK
Rapids
R&D Partners
Mfg
Legal HR
TMT
Sales
TMT
R&D HR
Sales
MIS Rapids
Fin
Biologicals
Distribution
Fin
Manufacturing/ Operations
ALLIANCE/ PARTNER 联盟/伙伴
KNOWLEDGE
WORK知识性工作
T&D-investment技术培训投资
PA-strategy contribute战略性捐赠
$-performance绩效 Job-empower授权
Job-cuJsotbo-mdiyzneadm用i户c 化的S-工so作$l-vbeopnruosbJloebm-rsJo解otba决-tsioe问ncu工题ri作ty安轮全换
Ancillary Human Capital辅助人力资本
• Low Strategic Value: Operational role低战略价值：操作性角色
• Low Uniqueness: Generic knowledge and skills普遍性：普遍性知识和技能
Employment Mode: contract work雇佣方式：合同工
Job Design 工作设计
• well-defined准确定义 • limited scope范围有限
Staffing 员工供给
Development 培训
Appraisal 评价
• outsourced (perhaps)外部资源（也许） • contract for a specific task为特别的任务招聘
HR TMTMTT MMISIS Mfg/Operations
Mfg/Operations MMarakrekte/St/aSlaelses R&D
R&D Quality
Quality Biologicals
Biologicals Cust. Service
Cust. Service RaRpaipdidDDiaiga.g. Legal/Reg.
Ancillary Compulsory
Rewards
• hourly or contract-contingent
Generic
报酬
•按小时或临时工作付薪
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Idiosyncratic Human Capital独特的人力资本
Employment Mode: partnership雇佣方式：伙伴 Employment Relationship: collaborative雇佣关系：合作
工作动力
S-strategy contribute战略捐赠
$-salary薪酬
S-best最好
PA-quality质量 $-industry experience
$-high高级
工业经验
T&D-team技术研 S-promote w/in提升 发团队 S-potential潜力PA-develop培训
Employment Relationship: transactional雇佣关系：交易
Examples: assemblers (Nike)装配工人
clerical workers (Halliburton)办事员
HHuummaann CCaappiittaallAArrcchhiitteeccttuurree
Development 培训
Appraisal 评价
Rewards 报酬
• continuous on-the-job现场培训 • firm-specific 公司特色
• focus on strategic contribution关 注对战略的贡献 • developmental培训 • external equity (high wages)外部 公平（高工资） • pay for knowledge, experience, seniority为知识，经验、资历付薪 • ownership and perks持股
Job-narrow/simple 工作范围小、简单
Job-standardized T&D-current job
标准化
现在的工作
S-immediate perform直接行为
$-group
群体
$-internal equity内 部公平
T&D-external外部
T&D-short-term 短期研发
研究：152家超过 200雇员的多元产品
公司的CEO,资深人 Plotting HR Practices人力资源实践策略
力专员，一线经理
高
唯 一 性
UNIQUE
high
STUDY:
152 multi-product firms >200 employees
CEO, VPHR, line execs
Ancillary Human Capital辅助性人力资本
Employment Mode: contract work雇佣方式：合同工 Employment Relationship: transactional雇佣关系：交易
COMPLIANCE-BASED HRM SYSTEM服从为基础的人力资源管理系统
Low Value
High Value
Ancillary Compulsory
Generic
BIOTECH, INC: Mapping Human Capital
hihigghh
UUNINIQQUUEE
ALLIANCE/ PARTNER
KNOWLEDGE WORK
R&D
KKEEYY FiFniannacnece HR
• High Uniqueness: Specialized knowledge and skills独一无二：特殊的知识和技能
Employment Mode: partnership雇佣方式：伙伴
Employment Relationship: collaborative雇佣关系：合作
Examples: “wild ducks” (IBM)野鸭
T&D-continuous持续性 T&D-OJT在职培训
PA-work w/others
KEY
Job design工作设计 Staffing人员供给 Training培训 Appraisal评价 Compensation补贴
$-short-term短期 $-hourly小时
CONTRACT WORK合同工
PRODUCTIVTY-BASED HRM SYSTEM生产率为基础的人力资源管理系统
Job Design 工作设计
• clearly defined清晰定义 • moderately empowered适度授权
Staffing 员工供给
Development 培训
Appraisal 评价
Rewards 报酬
COMMITMENT-BASED HRM SYSTEM以责任为基础的人力资源管理系统
Job Design 工作设计
• enriched & empowered授权、提供资源 • customized用户导向
Staffing 员工供给
• aptitude (able to learn)才能（学习能力） • promote from within提升
• developmental培训
Low Value
High Value
• focus on performance关注绩效 Ancillary Compulsory
• external equity (market rate)外部公平（G市ener场ic 比例） • pay for performance为绩效付薪