中国文化关键词

中国文化关键词

一、四大发明The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China

1.火药：gunpowder

2.造纸术：paper-making

3.印刷术：printing

4.指南针：compass

二、中国古代哲学家Ancient Chinese Philosopher

1.孔子: Confucius

2.孟子: Mencius

3.老子: Lao Tzu

4.庄子: Zhuang Tzu

5.墨子: Mo Tzu

6.孙子: Sun Tzu

三、四书The Four Books

1.《大学》：The Great Learning

2.《中庸》：The Doctrine of the Mean

3.《论语》：The Analects of Confucius

4.《孟子》：The Mencius

四、书法五大书体The Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy

1.篆书: seal script；seal character

2.隶书: official script; clerical script

3.行书: running script; semi-cursive script

4.草书: cursive script

5.楷书: regular script; standard script

五、六艺The Six Classical Arts

1.礼: rites

2.乐: music

3.射: archery

4.御: riding

5.书: writing

6.数: arithmetic

六、汉字Chinese Characters

1.汉字笔画: stroke

2.偏旁部首: radical

3.书写体系: writing system

4.汉学家: sinologist; sinologue

5.中国热: sinomania

6.同宗同源: of the same origin

7.单音节: single syllable

8.声调: tone

七、武术The Martial Arts

1.中国武术: Kung Fu

2.武术门派: schools of martial art

3.习武健身: practice martial arts for fitness

4.古代格斗术: ancient form of combat

5.武林高手: top martial artist

6.气功: Qigong; deep breathing exercises

7.柔道: Judo

8.空手道: kerate

9.跆拳道: tae kwon

10.拳击: boxing

11.摔跤: wrestling

12.击剑: fencing

13.武侠小说：tales of roving knights; Kung Fu novels

八、中国文学作品Chinese Literary Works

1.《三国演义》: Three Kingdoms

2.《西游记》: Journey to the West

3.《红楼梦》: Dream of the Red Mansions

4.《水浒传》: Heroes of the Mountains; Tales of the Water Margin

5.《史记》: Historical Records

5.《诗经》: The Book of Songs

6.《三字经》: Three-Character Scripture

Three-word Chant

7.八股文: Eight-part Essay;

Stereotyped writing

8.五言绝句: five-character quatrain

9.七言律诗: seven-character octave

九、中国建筑Chinese Architecture

1. 四合院：quadrangle

2. 蒙古包: yurt

3. 碑文: inscriptions on a tablet

4. 碑林: the forest of steles

5. 道观: Taoist temple

6. 殿: hall

十、十二生肖Zodiac

1. 鼠：rat

2. 牛：ox

3. 虎：tiger

4. 兔：hare

5. 龙：dragon

6. 蛇：snake

7. 马：horse

8. 羊：sheep

9. 猴：monkey

10. 鸡：rooster

11. 狗：dog

12. 猪: pig

十一、传统节日Traditional Festival

1. 春节：The Spring Festival

拜年: pay a New Year visit

爆竹: fire cracker

除夕: Eve of Chinese New Year

春联: Spring Couplets

辞旧迎新: ring out the old year and ring in the new

饺子: boiled dumpling

庙会: temple fair

年画: traditional Chinese New Year Pictures

年夜饭: the Eve Feast;

Banquet of Chinese New Year Eve 守岁: stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 团圆饭: family reunion dinner

压岁钱: New Year gift-money; money