形容词、副词(讲解)

Surprisingly, he got home so early.
2.频度副词: often, always, usually, seldom, never, sometimes,hardly 等的位置 She always goes to her aunt’s by train. He had hardly got up when the telephone rang. We usually have a discussion after class.
village. 2.名词词组如 five years, ten metres 可用来修饰比较级 I am five years older than you. He is a head taller than I . This bridge is two hundred metres longer than that one.
oldest / eldest
*形容词最高级前面必须加 the
副词最高级前面可以不加 the
二. 形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型
1. 比较级 + than: He is taller than I. This one is more difficult than that one.
2. as + 原级 + as : He is as tall as his brother. I have as many books as you have.
I am no richer than you. 我并不比你有钱。(= I am as poor as you.)
*no more than = only He has no more than five dollars in his pocket.
1. enough 的用法(位置) It’s _h_o_t_ e_n_o__u_g_h_ today. 今天够热的。 He studied _h_a_r_d _e_n_o_u__g_h to pass the exam. 他学习很努力， 通过了考试。 Has he got _e_n_o_u__gh__m_o_n__e_y? 他有足够的钱吗?
四. 形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点*
3. 区别两种句型： not + 比较级 + than (不超过) no + 比较级 + than (并不比…更…) 试比较：
He is not taller than I. （ 他不比我高 ） Tom is no taller than Jack. (=Tom is as short as Jack.)
Which is right ?
a sleeping boy ✓ the boy alive ✓
an asle×ep boy
形容词的句法功用 作宾语补足语
Please keep the door open. We found him dead on the floor. Who has made him angry? 没有什么能使他伤心. Nothing can _m_a_k_e_ h_i_m_ _sa_d__. 他尽量使他的课有趣. He tried to _m__a_ke_ his lessons _in_t_e_r_e_st_in_g_. 请睁大眼睛. Please __k_ee_p_ your eyes _o_p_e_n__.
形容词的句法功用 作状语
He is lying on the ground, dead. They got home, tired and hungry.
形容词的名词化
the+某些形容词，表示“某一类人”
the rich 富人 the young 年轻人
the wounded 伤员
the poor 穷人 the old 老年人 the dead 死者
finest biggest hottest
以辅音+y 结尾的词 happy 须去掉 y 变为 i 再
+er /est
happier
happiest
多音节词在其前 +more /most
beautiful more
most
beautiful beautiful
一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(不规则变化)
(状语)
形容词的句法功用 作表语 (在系动词后)
be ； look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, become ,get, go , grow , turn, remain / keep, prove
His efforts proved useless.。 Our monitor is handsome and strong. The cloth feels soft.
形容词的句法功用
形容词是用来修饰名词和代词，表示人和事物的特 征和性质，在句中作定语、表语、宾补、状语
They have just bought a new car. (定语)
The tomato soup is delicious. (表语)
I thought him honest.
(宾补)
She came back home, cold and hungry.
形容词的句法功用 作表语
有些词只能作表语,称为表语形容词.
alive; alone; awake; asleep; ashamed; afraid The boy is still asleep. The fish is still alive. 但 alive, asleep 可以放在名词后作后置定语。 The child is the only person alive in the small village after the earthquake.
I smelt the fish carefully and the fish smelt terrible. The rice is growing nice. We are growing old. Milk _g_o__e_s_ bad easily in summer. He __k_e_p__t___s_i_le__n_t____ at the meeting.(保持沉默) Somertehmingaihnaes d__g_o_n__e__w__r_o_nwgith my watch. (出故障)
The wounded are being looked after in the hospital.
1. 副词的基本功能:
作状语，修饰动词：
He drives carefully.
He plays tennis very badly.
修饰全句的副词一般放在句首：
Fortunately, he was not injured.
5. present (后置定语) 出席的,在场的 the students present (前置定语) 目前的,现在的 the present situation
见《3+证书》P.74 / P. 75
6. hard / hardly
努力 / 几乎不
7. late / lately
迟到 / 最近
一般在实义动词前，助动词、系动词、情态动词后
一.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级(规则变化)
构成法
原级 比较级 最高级
单 音节词末+er /est small smaller smallest
以-e 结尾词+r /st fine
重读闭音节须双写末 big 尾辅音字母后再+er hot /est
finer bigger hotter
6. “越… ，就越…” the +比较级，the+比较级： The harder you work at it, the better you’ll do in it. The more you talk, the less patient he gets.
7. the+比较级(+of the two…) 指“两者中较…样的一个” I want to talk with the taller of the twins. Of the two books, I will take the thinner.
3.不如 … not as/so +原级+ as: … less +形容词/副词+ than …
This dress is not so/as expensive as that one. This dress is less expensive than that one. Today is not so cold as yesterday. He doesn’t earn as much money as his sister does. = He earns less money than his sister does.
二. 形容词、副词比较级最高级的几种常用句型
4. the +最高级+of/ in+比较范围： He is the tallest of the boys in his class. Our country has the largest po源自文库ulation in the world.
5. “越来越…” 比较级+ and +比较级： Winter is coming. The weather is getting colder and colder. The trees grow taller and taller year by year.
8. alone / lonely
单独 / 孤独
9. already / still / yet 已经 / 仍然,还
10. also / either / too 也
11. quite / quiet
原级 good / well
比较级 better
最高级 best
bad / ill / badly many / much
little far
worse more less farther/ further
worst most least farthest / furthest
old
older/ elder
四. 形容词、副词比较级最高级其它要点
1. much; even; rather; a little; a bit; a lot; far/ by far; any 等词可用来修饰比较级
This book is much/ a little/ far better than that one. Are you feeling any better? No, even worse. There are now a lot more trees on the hill around the
三. 形容词、副词倍数的表达法
1) 倍数as+原级 +as This room is twice as big as that one They produced three times as many TV sets as they did last year.
2)倍数+ 比较级+ than The iron box is three times heavier than the wooden one They produced twice more grain than we did.
3. alive / live / lively / living --- adj.
alive – 表语，后置定语 “活的”
living – 表语、定语 “活的”
lively
“ 活跃的、充满生机的”
live [laiv] 1)“活的=living” 2) “实况转播的”
4. ill / sick sick：有病的 --- ，定语, 表语 ill:有病的 --只作表语; 恶意的,坏的 – 作定语
修饰形容词、副词，放在其修饰词后 修饰名词，放在其修饰词前。
2. 以-ly结尾的词性辨析:
大部分的副词都是 形容词+ly 构成, 但少数以-ly 结尾的词是形容词: lively, lonely, lovely, deadly(致命的), friendly, ugly, silly, likely
见《3+证书》P.73-74