小学英语毕业班总复习资料

小学英语毕业班总复习资料
一:学生易错词汇
1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.
2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用am , you 用are.
3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用have .
4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用t here are.
5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.
6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how m uch(多少钱)
二:形容词比较级详解
当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是:
什么+ 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级+ than(比)+ 什么,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:
①一般的直接在词尾加er ,如tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
②以e结尾的,直接加r ,如fine –finer ,
③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier
④双写最后的字母再加er,如big –bigger, thin –thinner ,hot –hotter
☆注意☆比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西.
典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.)
比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性.
应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hai r.
比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long big
(1) How is the Yellow River
(2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm.
(3) How are your feet I wear size 18.
(4)How is the fish It's 2kg.
三:动词过去式详解
动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A,规则动词
①一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study –st udied carry –carried worry –worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing –sang , eat –ate , see –saw , have –had , do –did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , a m/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw -drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:动词现在分词详解动词的ing形式的构成规则:
①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eatin g
②以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getti ng
五:人称代词与物主代词
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watc hed TV yesterday evening.
2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is n ot (isn't) a doctor.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yester day evening.
☆注意☆小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词"not".有动词be 的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" . 3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答.
如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't).
Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,
①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面
的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可.
这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用" did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的.
4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如:
What is this It's a computer.
What does he do He's a doctor.
Where are you going I'm going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike.
Which season do you like best Summer.
When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this It's Amy's.
Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees.
How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), ho w big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51.
☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,
How many + 名词复数+ do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名词复数+ can you see 你能看见多少……
How many + 名词复数+ are ther e… 有多少……
七:完全,缩略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you'r e=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not d oesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not
总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但ca n't=can not)
八:小学英语词汇不完全归类表
学习用品(school things):pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子b ook书bag包comic book漫画书post card明信片newspaper报纸school bag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story-book故事书note book笔记本Chinese book语文书English book英语书math book数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典
人体(body):foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴
颜色(colours):red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕
动物(animals):cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse老鼠squirrel 松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴panda熊猫bear熊lion狮子tiger老虎fox 狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb 小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驴squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾sha rk鲨鱼seal海豹sperm whale抹香鲸killer whale虎鲸
人物(people):friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔;舅舅man男人woman女人Mr.先生Miss小姐l ady女士;小姐mom妈妈dad爸爸parents父母grandparents祖父母grand ma/grandmother(外)祖母grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父aunt姑姑cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹son儿子daughter女儿baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbour邻居principal校长university studen t大学生pen pal笔友tourist旅行者people人物robot机器人
职业(jobs):teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机far mer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家T V reporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计policeman(男)警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员police警察
食品,饮料(food & drink):rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水e gg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包French fr ies炸薯条cookie曲奇biscuit饼干jam果酱noodles面条meat肉chicken 鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup汤ice冰ice-cr eam冰淇淋Coke可乐juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐meal一餐
水果,蔬菜(fruit & vegetables):apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙wat ermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子green beans青豆tomato西红柿po
tato土豆peach桃strawberry草莓cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜
衣服(clothes):jacket夹克衫shirt衬衫T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants长裤socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣rai ncoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋boots靴子hat(有沿的)帽子cap便帽sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾gloves手套trousers裤子cloth布
交通工具(vehicles):bike自行车bus公共汽车train火车boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车jeep吉普车van小货车;面包车plane/airpl ane飞机subway/underground地铁motor cycle摩托车
杂物(other things): window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床comp uter计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teacher's desk讲台picture图画;照片wall墙壁floor地板curtain窗帘trash bin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror镜子end table床头柜football/soccer足球present礼物walkman随身听lamp 台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子TV电视air-con ditioner空调key钥匙lock锁photo照片chart图表plate盘子knife刀fork 叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅gift礼物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon气球kite风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper 拉链violin小提琴yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e-card电子卡片e-mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯money钱medicine药
地点(locations):home家room房间bedroom卧室bathroom卫生间living ro om起居室kitchen厨房classroom教室school学校park公园library图书馆post office邮局police office警察局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstor e书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园study书房playground操场cante en食堂teacher's office教师办公室library图书馆gym体育馆washroom卫生间art room绘画教室computer room计算机教室music room音乐教室T V room电视机房flat公寓company公司factory工厂fruit stand水果摊pet shop宠物商店nature park自然公园theme park主题公园science museum 科学博物馆the Great Wall长城supermarket超市bank银行country国家v illage乡村city城市hometown家乡bus stop公交车站
课程(classes): sports体育运动science科学Moral Education思想品德课So cial Studies社会课Chinese语文math数学PE体育课English英语课
国家,城市(countries & cities): China/PRC中国America/USA美国UK联合王国England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚New York纽约Lo ndon伦敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo开罗
气象(weather): cold寒冷的warm温暖的cool凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot炎热的rainy下雨的windy有风的cloudy多云的weather report天气预报
景物(nature): river河流lake湖泊stream河;溪forest森林path小道road公路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud云sun太阳mountai n山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气moon月亮
植物(plants): flower花grass草tree树seed种子sprout苗plant植物rose 玫瑰leaf叶子
星期(week): Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday 星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末
月份(months): Jan. (January)一月Feb.(February)二月Mar.(March)三月Apr il四月May五月June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月
季节(seasons): spring春summer夏fall/autumn秋winter冬
方位(directions): south南north北east东west西left 左边right右边
患病(illness): have a fever发烧hurt疼痛have a cold感冒have a toothac he牙疼have a headache头疼have a sore throat喉咙疼
数词(numbers): one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight 八nine九ten十eleven十一twelve十二thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen 十五sixteen十六seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十forty-two四十二hundred百one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六firs t第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九t
welfth第十二twentieth第二十thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十sixtieth第六十seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth 第五十六
形容词(adj.): big大的small小的long长的tall高的short短的;矮的young 年轻的old旧的;老的strong健壮的thin瘦的active积极活跃的quiet安静的nice好看的kind和蔼亲切的strict严格的smart聪明的funny滑稽可笑的tas ty好吃的sweet甜的salty咸的sour酸的fresh新鲜的favourite最喜爱的cl ean干净的tired疲劳的excited兴奋的angry生气的happy高兴的bored无聊的sad忧愁的taller更高的shorter更矮的stronger更强壮的older年龄更大的younger更年轻的bigger更大的heavier更重的longer更长的thinner 更瘦的smaller更小的good好的fine好的great很好的heavy 重的new新的fat胖的happy快乐的right对的hungry饥饿的cute逗人喜爱的little小的lovely可爱的beautiful漂亮的colourful色彩鲜艳的pretty漂亮的cheap便宜的expensive昂贵的juicy多汁的tender嫩的healthy健康的ill有病的helpf ul有帮助的high高的easy简单的proud骄傲的sick有病的better更好的h igher更高的
介词(prep.): in在……里on在……上;在……时候under在……下面near 在……的旁边behind在……后边next to与……相邻over在……上面in fro nt of在……前面
代词(pron.): I我we我们you你;你们he他she她it它they他(她,它)们my 我的our 我们的your你的;你们的his他的her她的
动词(v.):play(.ed)玩;踢swim(swam)游泳skate滑冰fly(flew)飞jump跳walk 走run(ran)跑climb爬fight(fought)打架swing(swung)荡eat(ate)吃sleep(sl ept)睡觉like像,喜欢have(had)有;吃turn转弯buy(bought)买take(took)买;带live居住teach(taught)教go(went)去study(studied)学习learn学习sing (sang)唱歌dance跳舞row划do(did)做do homework做作业do housewor k做家务watch TV看电视read(read) books读书cook the meals做饭wat er the flowers浇花sweep(swept) the floor扫地clean the bedroom打扫卧室make(made) the bed铺床set(set) the table摆饭桌wash the clothes洗衣服do the dishes洗碗碟use a computer使用计算机do morning exercis es晨练;做广播操eat breakfast吃早饭eat dinner吃晚饭go to school上学have English class上英语课play sports进行体育运动get(got)up起床climb mountains爬山go shopping买东西play the piano弹钢琴visit grandpare nts看望(外)祖父母go hiking去远足fly kites放风筝make a snowman堆雪人plant trees种树draw(drew) pictures画画cook dinner做饭read a book 看书answer the phone接电话listen to music听音乐clean the room打扫房间write(wrote) a letter写信write an e-mail写电子邮件drink(drank) wat er喝水take pictures照相watch insects观察昆虫pick up leaves采摘树叶do an experiment做实验catch butterflies捉蝴蝶count insects数昆虫coll ect insects收集昆虫collect leaves收集树叶write a report写报告play che
ss下棋have a picnic举行野餐get to到达ride(rode) a bike骑自行车play the violin拉小提琴make kites制作风筝collect stamps集邮meet(met)见面welcome欢迎thank谢谢love爱work工作drink(drank)喝taste尝smell 闻feed(fed)喂养shear剪milk挤奶look看guess猜help帮助pass传递s how展示use使用clean打扫open打开close关上put放paint绘画tell(to ld)告诉kick踢bounce反弹ride(rode)骑stop(stopped)停wait等find(found)寻找到drive(drove)驾驶fold折send(sent)寄wash洗shine照耀become变成feel(felt)感觉到think(thought)思考meet(met)遇见fall(fell)落下leave(left)离开wake(woke) up醒来put on穿上take off脱掉hang up挂起wear(wo re)穿go home回家go to bed上床睡觉play computer games玩电脑游戏play chess下棋empty the trash倒垃圾put away the clothes收拾衣服get off下车take a trip去旅行read a magazine读杂志go to the cinema去看电影go straight向前直走。