绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及研究对策外文文献原文及译文
绿色贸易壁垒的对我国蔬菜出口的影响
绿色贸易壁垒的对我国蔬菜出口的影响第一篇：绿色贸易壁垒的对我国蔬菜出口的影响摘要绿色贸易壁垒是指那些借以保护环境而直接或间接采取的限制甚至禁止贸易的措施。
随着世界经济的发展，绿色贸易壁垒已成为我国蔬菜出口的主要障碍，因此深入剖析绿色贸易壁垒对我国蔬菜出口造成的消极影响，并提出相应的对策，有利于我国蔬菜出口的发展和出口蔬菜的国际竞争力的提高。
关键词：绿色贸易壁垒蔬菜贸易影响AbstractGreen barriers are those that in order to protect the environment, either directly or indirectly taken to restrict or even ban on trade measures.With the world economic development, green trade barrier has become the main obstacles to the export of vegetables, so-depth analysis of green trade barriers on China's vegetable exports of the negative impact and put forward corresponding countermeasures, is conducive to the development of China's vegetable exports and export of vegetables international competitiveness.Key words: Green Trade BarrierVegetablesTradeImpact目录前言一、绿色贸易壁垒对我国蔬菜出口的影响（一）提高了我国蔬菜的出口门槛（二）削弱了我国蔬菜出口的竞争力（三）增加了我国蔬菜的出口成本（四）缩小了我国蔬菜的出口范围二、我国蔬菜出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的原因（一）严格的检验检疫标准（二）强制性绿色技术标准的应用（三）苛刻的包装要求（四）发达国家不合理的保护政策三、我国蔬菜出口应对绿色贸易壁垒的对策（一）完善我国的检验检疫标准（二）增加出口蔬菜产品的技术含量（三）实施绿色包装战略（四）加强与发达国家贸易磋商四、结语前言随着我国加入 WTO，农产品国际贸易自由化的进一步发展，作为我国主要出口农产品之一的蔬菜业迅猛发展。
日本绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策
日本绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策摘要：我国是农产品出口大国，农产品的出口关乎到国计民生、就业以及经济发展。
因为地理优势和产品间的互补，日本成为我国农产品出口大国。
但是因为日本对中国农产品出口实行绿色壁垒，且近几年的标准越来越严格，这对中国农产品出口日本产生了很大的影响。
本文就日本绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响进行了分析，并提出相应的对策。
关键词：绿色贸易壁垒农产品出口绿色观念一、日本绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响（一）农产品对日出口占比急剧下降2013年，我国对日农产品贸易额为95.6亿美元，占农产品出口总额的17.4%，之后的五年对日农产品出贸易占比不断下降，直到2017年有所回升，但也只有84.8亿美元。
我国蔬菜2012年对日贸易额为13.90万吨，但2015年跌到1.41万吨，蔬菜对日出口数量的下跌主要是2014年日本厚生劳动省（MHLW）分别在6月和12月拟修订《食品卫生法》中关于食品级食品添加剂的标准和规范（修订农化物残留标准）进行了对蔬菜的各项指标的提高的原因。
并且在2013年之后，日本持续增强对中国农产品检验检疫的标准，尤其是对于蘑菇、大蒜、蜂蜜等农产品。
因为日本作为我国农产品的出口大国，更加严格的标准的实行使我国对日农产品出口比例下跌。
同时，因为日本采用高标准的农产品出口政策使得很多发达国家相继对我国农产品出口采取相同高标准的要求，这也很大程度上减少了我国农产品的出口量。
（二）减弱了我国农产品的国际竞争力日本实行的绿色壁垒和各种技术标准的提升，增加了我国农产品的生产、检查、出关的成本，减少了我国农产品的价格优势，并且，我国农产品频繁受到日本贸易壁垒，尤其在2015年之后，日本对于许多蔬菜采取了更高的卫生检验以及农药残留标准，使得我国一些企业无法满足出口要求，这严重的减弱了农产品的国际竞争，也损害了我国农产品的国际形象，对我国农产品出口的竞争力也造成了很大影响。
绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响外文翻译文献
绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Analysis and countermeasure of international green trade barrier The green trade barrier limits the development of the international trade by manysteps. It obstacles the integration of the international economy the free developmentof the world trade. It is in some countries，especially in some developing countriesthe production for export lost greatly. However， under the limitation of the green tradebarrier，the air and water resource have been polluted badly，and the soil resourcedecreasing and the loss of life.1.The definition of the green trade barrier . The green trade barrier is also named as green barrier. It refers to protection of theinner market by means of the limitation by the strict environment protectiontechnology or the green signs inthe import，which can keep the foreign merchandisesoutside. This causes an immense impact on the international trade order. 2.The reason of appearance of green trade barrier 1The change of view of value. Along with the development of the industrialization and the growth of the worldeconomy，the increasing destroy and pollute getting more and more serious. This hasdirectly affected the living and development of human beings. And this successfullydrew an attention of the international society. The way of people thinking， behavior ofconsumption and view of consumption have changed. The new conception of value thethat concentrate on quality of living and creating green civilization； need for greenproduction with pollution and harm to human are increasing. The people in developedcounties have formed a good view of value for green production also providesdeveloping countries chance and challenges. 2The traditional lawless tax barrier gets condemn of the international society. In order to bring up the newborn industries，some mature industries gainunpredicted profit. But even this，they never thought of the protection of the innermarket.However after the operation of the General Agreement On Tariffs andtrade the import tax has been decreased ever since. Non-tax barrier has beenlimitations. The chance and space for traditional trade barrier are getting smaller andsmaller. On this occasion，the developed countries begin to search for new ways oftrade protections for the sake of development of their own industries. And green tradebarrier come into use. 3Different standards in different countries. Economys state stays in different level owing to the different technology level.So there are great differences in the ability of environment protection in differentcountries. This leads to different environment protection standard. It is a hard to saywhich standard is the best one，because different environment standard has a directimpact on the cost. And this would have great impact on the world competence， whichaffected the balance of the international income and expenses .In order to limit theimport from developing countries，the developed countries find the green trade to beexcuses to protect their own industries. 3.The impact of the green tradebarrier on China The green trade barrier has both good and bad impact on one country. But it indeedhas different impact on different countries. Limited by the technology，China has alower ability to deal with the barrier and catch up the chance to improveitself.Moreover，China mostly focuses on export labor-centered production. By far it hasreceived negative impact from the barrier. For the time being，this kind of barrierexists everywhere，and grow stronger and stronger，which has struck our market andeconomy seriously. 1The negative impact on the green trade barrier ①It prevents the export form China and weakens the export internationalcompetence. ②It influences the bilateral even multilateral relationship with other countriesgetting to problems. Recently，the developed countries circumscribe the importation from acclaimingthat those goods are not the green production. Thus bring up the conflictions. Thedeveloped countries enjoy a free form of trade in a certain trade zone，which reducethe standard of trading rather than trading from outside of the zone. So，countries likeChina are hard to break through thetrade barrier. All those confliction are bad forChina. The situations are against China. ③It accelerates the pollution for products and makes the metastasis to China. Thestandard of environment protection are low，the systems are not perfect with lowstandard of green production in China. Because of this，a lot of production of lowquality are entering Chinese market leads to many foreign waste cases spring upeverywhere. All of this shows that China are lacking of a perfect supervising system.Without a good management there will be no efficient working. According to theinvestigation，from 1997 to 2000，the foreign waste are increased from 990，000 tonto 17，500，000 ton. There is evidently no doubt that these foreign waste have madethe environment more serious in China. But in the items got the investment nearlyhave no supervising on environment protection，which let the industries causingpollution have transferred in China. 2The positive impact on the green trade barrier. In the developed countries，the environment policy helps to strengthen themanagement of industry environment，and applies the high tech to develop the greenproduction，which can lower the cost. Thus we can gain high social and economyefficiency，and finally get the production of high quality. ①It does good to Chinas continuous development. The task of environment protection should be accomplished by all the humanbeings.The skills of management in developed countries are in an advantage placethan that in the developing countries. China as a developing country is supposed tolearn the experience of developed countries which can be made good use of topromote the harmonious development of environment and economy development. Weshould insist in the principle of continuous development which is good to ourconstruction of exportation. Furthermore，this can promote the industries to producemore and more technology-focused production and helps to break through the greentrade barrier while doing international trade. ②It get the industries change their trading concept. The law of environment protection in developed countries is more perfect than inChina. The conception of environment protection has been applied in every aspectwhile doing business activity. For example：use green package，sail greenproductionwith green after sail services provided，introduce environment protection knowledge，do promoting of green production with green theme and establish a green image ofcompany. With activities of above，everyone can protect the environment and natureconsciously. 4. Breaking the barrier 1The government plays the role of the lead to help to develop the” greenenvironment protection” industries. ①adjust the construction to the” green environment production industriesquot. ②complete the” law of the green tradequot，resist the barrier. 2For the industries，they should face to the challenge to produce more” greenproductionquot. ①Collecting quotgreen informationquot，developing quotgreen productionquot. The companies are supposed to take part in international economic technologyconference and business trade expo or visit others who are of abundant”greeninformation” and exchange with each other. The most essential way of breaking”green trade barrier”is to establish a nice international image. The industries shouldestablish a good supervision of production design and material picking，productionandwaste recycling，recto explore a green production needed by the market.Furthermore，the industries should pay much attention to financial input and thetraining of the employers. ②Strengthen the green management. Improve the market competence. Thequotgreen management” refers to a management that require industries form akind of sailing conception of conform the rule of green trade by continuous mind andgreen environment requirement. It is an effective way of breaking through thebarrier. The green environment protectionism is recognized as a worldwide trade newproblem，which need to face it and challenge it. Correcting trade standard is allcountries are aware of its unavoidable ability. In the WTO system，environmentprotection has been on the agenda. If we want to be successful in changing China agreat trading country into a great trading world power ， we have to doself-improvement and raise the conception of environment protection. So only whenwe make every effort to do improvement can we break through the green tradebarrier. 5. Our strategy and thinking on green trade barriers 1Strengthen education and drumbeating，raise awareness of environmentalprotection. the acceleration of the awareness of environment from all people can notbe separated from extensive publicity and education. Propagandize foreign trade andeconomy and environmental protection，especially do some work on universalenvironmental pact and environmental standards，making all the economic and tradeworkers at different levels fully understand the crucial and practical significance ofenvironment in this field. We should do a good job on the negative reports on foreigntrade and environmental protection，lead environmental protection awareness intoenterprises business decisions，and foster a sense of crisis and urgency. 2Establish and improve environmental protection laws and regulations ，strengthen execution of trade environment. we In the respect of preventing pollution， have set up some laws and regulations，but they are not in accordance with practical needs，maneuverability is not good，punishment is not enough；we are actually using economic methods to makeenterprises buy and sell drainage right，rather than urging them to deal with.Consequently aftertimewe should improve every environmental protection regulationwith the priority of prevention and strengthen supervision and management. Tostrengthen governments environmental management function，to punish acts againstenvironmental laws legally，develop the effect of green products and environmentalsigns，strengthen all the consumers surviving effects，develop green industry intosupporting industry，green product into fist product. 3Develop green market，green product，green marketing. With the strengthening of the awareness of environmental and resource protection anew industry with the purpose of protecting environment and resource——greenindustry is growing fast. At the same time，it has driven the development andformation of green product and green market. It is reported that in the following tenyears green product will lead the main markets in the world. We should adoptourselves with this tide change product designation package promote productquality， increase environmental items， make the best to achieve the standards of everytechnique， security， and sanitation， environment， adopt the tide of greenconsumption andneeds， also developlow-environment-protection-cost， good-quality green productthat is in accordance with universal environmental standards. 4Strengthen international exchange and cooperation，use international power toresist trade barrier. Although Uruguay will make an” Decision on Trade and Environment” toenhance awareness of environmental protection also it will make some basic items inwhich include security items to prevent developing countries from beingdiscriminated by developed countries. Therefore we can make use of some relevantitems and international agreements and unite other developing countries to resistdiscriminating strategies adopted by developed countries who are making use of greenprotection，and promote the development of our foreign trade. 6. Conclusion With the world economy developing fast，the developed country hold higherstandards and stronger awareness of environmental protection. We are in the thedeveloping stage， protection of green products have great effect on the exportationof our products，we must adapt our country and our foreigntriage with this new tideand follow relevant regulations strictly.国际绿色贸易壁垒的分析和采取的对策绿色贸易壁垒通过多种途径限制国际贸易的发展。
“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究
“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究一、本文概述Overview of this article随着全球经济的深入发展和国际贸易的日益频繁，农产品贸易在全球范围内占据了举足轻重的地位。
然而，在农产品贸易自由化的进程中，一种新型的非关税壁垒——“绿色壁垒”逐渐崭露头角，并对全球农产品贸易，尤其是发展中国家的农产品出口构成了新的挑战。
作为世界上最大的农产品生产国之一，中国农产品出口面临的环境和压力日益增大。
因此，对“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响进行深入研究，不仅有助于我们更好地理解当前的国际贸易环境，也能为我国农产品出口提供有力的理论支持和策略建议。
With the deepening development of the global economy and the increasing frequency of international trade, agricultural product trade has occupied a pivotal position on a global scale. However, in the process of agricultural trade liberalization, a new type of non-tariff barrier - the "green barrier" - has gradually emerged and posed new challenges to global agricultural trade, especially agricultural exports fromdeveloping countries. As one of the world's largest agricultural product producing countries, China's agricultural product exports are facing increasing environmental and pressure. Therefore, conducting in-depth research on the impact of "green barriers" on China's agricultural product exports not only helps us better understand the current international trade environment, but also provides strong theoretical support and strategic suggestions for China's agricultural product exports.本文旨在全面分析“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响，包括其产生的背景、表现形式、影响机制以及应对策略等方面。
《2024年“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究》范文
《“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究》篇一一、引言随着全球环境保护意识的日益增强，绿色贸易壁垒作为一种非关税壁垒形式逐渐成为国际贸易中的新趋势。
这种以保护环境、资源、生态等为目的的贸易措施，不仅影响着全球的贸易格局，也对我国农产品的出口带来了深远的影响。
本文旨在深入探讨“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响，以期为我国农产品出口策略的调整提供理论依据和实践指导。
二、绿色壁垒的背景及特点绿色壁垒是指在国际贸易中，进口国以保护环境、生态平衡、节约资源等理由，制定一系列环境保护、绿色技术标准等贸易措施，从而达到限制或禁止某些商品进口的目的。
这些措施的实施主要基于环保的意识形态和消费理念的变化，体现了贸易政策对环境和资源可持续发展的关注。
三、我国农产品出口现状我国是农业大国，农产品出口在全球市场中占有重要地位。
然而，随着国际市场竞争的加剧和绿色壁垒的兴起，我国农产品出口面临着诸多挑战。
从大米、茶叶到蔬菜、水果等主要出口产品，都受到了不同程度的绿色壁垒影响。
四、“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响（一）积极影响1. 促进农产品质量提升：绿色壁垒的设立推动了我国农产品生产者提高产品质量和环保意识，推动农业生产向绿色、生态、可持续方向发展。
2. 促进农产品结构调整：在绿色壁垒的推动下，我国农产品生产者开始注重农产品结构调整，加大有机农产品、绿色农产品的研发和生产。
（二）消极影响1. 增加出口成本：为了达到进口国的绿色技术标准，我国农产品生产者需要投入更多的资源进行环保技术的研发和应用，增加了产品的生产成本和出口成本。
2. 降低出口量：部分进口国的高标准环保要求使得我国部分农产品无法达到其要求，导致产品被拒绝进口或退货，严重影响了农产品的出口量。
五、应对策略及建议（一）加强绿色技术研发和推广：我国应加大对绿色技术的研发和推广力度，提高农产品的环保技术水平和产品质量。
（二）加强国际交流与合作：积极参与国际环保合作与交流，了解国际绿色壁垒的最新动态和趋势，及时调整我国农产品的生产和出口策略。
“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究
“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究绿色壁垒是指各国为保护本国环境和生态安全而对进口农产品设立的一系列环境、卫生、技术等方面的限制措施。
这些限制措施通常要求进口农产品要符合一定的环境标准、农药、兽药残留标准、转基因标识和其他技术规范等要求。
绿色壁垒的设置对我国农产品出口造成了相当大的影响，本文将对其影响进行研究。
绿色壁垒的设置背景可以追溯到20世纪70年代。
随着经济全球化的深入发展，各国之间的贸易日益频繁，但同时也面临着环境破坏和生态安全等问题。
为了保护本国的环境和生态安全，各国开始采取一系列限制措施，以确保进口农产品的质量和安全。
这些限制措施被称为绿色壁垒。
首先，绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响主要表现为产品质量要求的提高。
在绿色壁垒的限制下，我国农产品出口到各国市场需要符合各种标准和规定。
这些标准和规定要求农产品要达到一定的质量要求，包括农产品种类、产地、贮存、加工、运输等方面。
这使得我国农产品生产和出口企业不得不提高自身的质量管理水平，加强农产品生产和加工过程中的管理，以确保产品不受限制和拒绝进入国际市场。
其次，绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响还表现为技术要求的提升。
各国针对进口农产品的技术要求日益严格，要求农产品必须符合相关技术规范和标准。
例如，一些国家对转基因农产品、农药残留等问题提出了较高的技术要求。
这就要求我国农产品生产和出口企业不仅要达到国家的技术标准，还需要提高技术水平和创新能力，以适应国际市场的需求，确保农产品出口顺利进行。
此外，绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响还体现在增加了出口农产品的成本。
为了满足各国的环境和卫生要求，我国农产品生产和出口企业需要进行相应的技术改造和设备更新。
这不仅需要大量的资金投入，还需要进行技术培训和人员配备。
这些增加的成本最终会转嫁到农产品的价格上，使得我国的农产品在国际市场上的竞争力下降。
然而，尽管绿色壁垒给我国农产品出口带来了一定的困扰和挑战，但同时也给我国农产品出口带来了一些机遇。
绿色贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响研究
绿色贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响研究———王建华
表 3 时间序列的 ADF 检验
指标数据进行分析。
国内生 产 总 值 (
GDP)既 能 反 映 国 家 的 生 活 水
准,又能反 映 出 一 个 国 家 的 内 需 大 小。GDP 越 高,
则该国家的内需越高。
人民币兑美 元 汇 率 (
RE)的 高 低 体 现 着 一 个 国
62 11265.
77
99.
96
0.
72
36.
32
如表 3 所示,以 2001-2021 年数据为样本进行
ADF 测试。经测试可发现 P 值均较高,且时间序列
为非 平 稳 时 间 序 列,故 再 取 原 时 间 序 列 计 算 一 阶 差
分。一阶差分后 ADF 检验结果 均 低 于 5% ,说 明 差
用绿 色 贸 易 壁 垒、技 术 性 贸 易 壁 垒 等 对 其 他 国 家 的
作为 农 业 农 村 经 济 发 展 的 跳 板,大 力 推 进 农 业 技 术
农产 品 进 口 贸 易 进 行 限 制,这 些 绿 色 贸 易 壁 垒 的 限
推广工作,积极从国外引进农业新技术新品种,加大
新产 品 和 高 新 技 术 的 推 广 使 用,引 导 农 民 形 成 新 的
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数字农业与智能农机 第 10 期 2023 年 10 月
农业基础设施建设比较滞后,存在建设标准不高、工
程陈旧、不 完 善 等 问 题。 十 年 来,中 国 耕 地 质 量 比
2014 年提高 0
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农田灌溉水有效利用 系 数 比 10 年 前 提 高 了 0
绿色贸易壁垒和农产品出口中英文外文文献翻译2017
本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译(此文档为word格式,下载后您可任意修改编辑!)文献出处：Martin B. The Green Barriers and Agricultural Product Export [J]. Asian Social Science, 2017, 1(6): 34-45.原文The Green Barriers and Agricultural Product ExportMartin Beck.AbstractAs an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on theother hand, the negative green barriers would increase the cost of trade, trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. So the research of influence of green barriers on China's agricultural products is very realistic. According to the influence of green barriers on China's agricultural exports, the corresponding countermeasures can be made to deal with the green barriers and improvement of China's competitiveness in the international competition. This study examines the causes, influences and methods of green barriers on China's agricultural products export based on the questionnaires of 200 staffs of agricultural trade companies in Xi'an of Shaanxi province in China. To address this issue, Partial Least Square method is applied and the empirical result shows that there is a positive and significant effect from causes, influences, and methods towards the China's agricultural products export.Keywords: green barriers, agricultural product, export, China1. IntroductionThe green barrier is one of the most frequent measures in developed countries from the 1990's (Feng, 2007). As an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on the other hand, the negativegreen barriers would increase the cost of trading, even cause trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. Green barriers are also called environmental barriers and green protectionism, which is a new trade barrier since 1990s. Buyers will impose green barriers on sellers' export when the buyers want to protect their own limited resources, human, animal, plant health and ecological environment in the modern international trade. Green barriers take place when importers have strict environmental protection laws and regulations to manage their own environment and technology standards. The green barriers are becoming not only the serious challenges faced by China's agricultural export products but also the biggest obstacle for China's agricultural exports (Y u, 2010). To deal with the green barriers, it is important to identify the causes of green barriers on China's agricultural products export, which are from both import and export countries. The limited agricultural technology of China is one significant cause. Due to the limited agricultural technology of China, the agricultural export products can't meet the high environmental standards mentioned in "green barriers" of the import countries. In the process of export, the quarantine system, import standards and complex inspection process that are regulated by the import countries are also the main causes. The complex process built by import countries is the biggest obstacle for China's agricultural products export.As agricultural trade plays a key role in China's foreign trade, how to break restrictions of green barriers impacted on agricultural export products and how to effectively regulate China's agricultural production with the correct use of the green barriers are the big problems for China's future development (Wang &Liu, 2007). By changing the negative influence and making use of the positive in influences of green barriers in China, the sustainable development of China's agricultural trade can also be promoted in the future.In most previous researches, the authors focus on the negative influences of green barriers. But the green barriers also have positive influences on the agricultural products export. The most significant issue for further exploration in the study is to effectively take use of the positive influences to improve China's agricultural products export. This study will make an empirical analysis of the positive influences of green barriers with questionnaires. Therefore, examining the relationship between green barriers and China's agricultural products export is the general objective of this study. More specifically the examination of the relationship between the causes, influences, and methods of green barriers with China's agricultural product export is taken into account in this paper.The focus of geographic location is Xi'an of Shaanxi province in China. One of the core industries in Xi'an is agricultural products export,and recently the agricultural products export in Xi'an is developing increasingly. So Xi'an is chosen to be the geographic location for this research. The unit of analysis focus of the study is 200 staffs of agricultural trade companies in Xi'an of Shaanxi province in China. The agricultural trade companies have comprehensive views about the green barriers. The research methods in this paper are questionnaire survey. SPSS and PLS will be used to analyze the data collecting from the survey.The organization of this paper is as follow: section 2 reviews the literature, section 3 describes the methods used, section 4 presents the empirical results and section 5 concludes. 2. Literature Review Green barriers are also called environment barriers, and green protectionism. Because the importers of products want to protect their own limited resources, human, animal, plant health and ecological environment in the modern international trade, through the formulation and implementation, they issued strict environmental protection laws and regulations to achieve environment protection and technology standards. The green barriers prevent foreign products enter into the domestic markets. Their aim is to protect domestic products and one of the new type non-tariff barriers (Feng, 2007). 2.1 Causes of Green Barriers After China entered into WTO, most of the developed countries set up green restrictions to the export products of China. This leads thedramatic dropping of China's commodities, especially the agricultural products. The domestic and foreign experts have done a lot of research about the green barriers in China.As mentioned by Zhu, Guo and Lan (2008), the environmenta l standards of developed countries are generally much higher than those of the developing countries. Especially a few developed countries make different standards for the imported products and domestic products, which makes the products of developing countries have more difficult to enter into the developed markets.The comparative advantage of price in developing countries is an indirect cause of green barriers (Ren, 2010). Developing countries are often rich in resources, especially China. The rich natural resources make the lower price of exported products from developing countries. With the comparative advantage of price, the developing and developed countries will have an enormous trade surplus. The developed countries due to the protection of their domestic market, will work out a policy with strict technical standards (Zhao, 2004).2.2 Influence of Green BarriersSong (2009) analyses the formation and the new characteristics of green barriers in the global economic crisis. The author also points out that the new developing dynamic of each country's green barriers in theglobal economic crisis, and mainly from the laws and regulations puts forward the measures of green barriers for China. ChenXu (2009), points out that green barriers has the duality, on the one hand, they are used by some developed countries as a limit or hinder of foreign products or services to enter into the international market and the developed countries, and have certain "legitimate" status; On the other hand, they objectively protect the global natural environment, original resources and human health. In view of this situation, on the one hand China can strengthen the propaganda of education and legislation to solve the green barriers in the international trade (Huang, 2007); On the other hand, China should reasonably use the green barriers in the international trade to improve the agricultural products' quality, and improve the technology innovation of China's agricultural products. At present many areas of China have make corresponding measures for the green barriers. For example, the implementation of "Definite List System" in Japan has affected the exports of eel and tea in Jiang Xi province. In order to solve the problem, the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions of Jiang Xi province add a technology group to deal with the "Definite List System" and the new European Food Hygiene Regulations. This technology group specially analyses the influence and measures for Jiang Xi export commodities to deal with "Definite List System", and report information to the relevant departments and enterprises, give consultation, and solveproblems (Green, 2012). To some degree, the technology group has made great progress. The Chinese products that are most seriously affected by "green barriers" in global trade include agricultural products, textiles and clothing, leather products, electronic products and so on (Chen, 2009).The WTO accession has significantly lowered the tariff level to an average of 3.8% in developed countries and 14% for developing countries (Huang, 2007). The drop in tariff should presumably increase the market share of Chinese tea in importing countries, but that unfortunately did not happen. China's tea export, with its major markets in EU and Japan, has been substantially affected by the increasingly stringent pesticide residue control standards promulgated by China's trading partners (Zheng, 2003).2.3 Methods to Deal with Green Barriers Y u (2010) mentioned that many global experts have done quite a lot research about the negative influence of the green barriers on China agricultural products export and made deeply detailed analysis of the countermeasures, but proposed less ideas on the positive impact. Only through analyzing both the positive and negative influences, China can put forward the corresponding measures for the green barriers in the light of these influences.Yin (2009) argued that developing green industries and enhancing China's international image are the necessary methods to deal with green barriers. At present, China's trade dependence has been higher than the U.S., Japan, India and Brazil. If China only focuses on improvingopenness, due to the deteriorating terms of trade, it will result in an outflow of resources. Therefore China should improve the quality of trade and optimize trade structure, which make China's products achieve the environmental standards and improve the quality of export products. There are three important factors.As a developing country, China has little environmental and security standards and even no standards for majority products. So an effective measurement to deal with green barriers is to improve the domestic environmental and safety standards. Efforts to integrate the standards of international and developed country are still a beginning and continue to advance slowly. The Measures on the Management of Environmental Standards, promulgated by SEPA, reflect a growing awareness and recognition of international or developed-country environmental standards (Seffens, 2011). It provides that the Chinese monitoring organization may use current international standards and standards in developed countries when verbalizing new environmental standards. Therefore, based on the literature above quoted and also the objectives of the paper, following hypotheses will be tested: Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between the causes of green barriers and China's agricultural product export. Hypothesis 2: The impact of green barriers influencers toward China's agricultural product export is significant. Hypothesis 3: The impact of effective solutions of green barriers towardChina's agricultural product export is significant. 2.4 Research Model In this paper, the relationship between green barriers and China's agricultural products export (dependent variable) is investigated. In order to vividly show the green barriers in China, this study will identify three aspects of green barriers, which are causes, influences and methods (independent variables). The three aspects are also the three steps to analyse green barriers in China. To analyse green barriers, the causes are the first step. Then identifying the influences is the second step. The last step is the suitable methods based on causes and influences. 3. Research MethodQuantitative research is chosen to be the main approach of this research. The data collection of this study will use survey, which is a non-experimental method. In survey research, respondents answer questions through interviews or questionnaires. In order to ensure the reliability of the survey, it is important that the questions are made appropriately. This research will use cross-sectional surveys. Cross-sectional surveys are used to gather information on a population at a single point in time. The sampling technique used in this paper is Cluster Sampling. This research focuses on the agricultural trade companies in China. All the samples are collected in Xi'an of Shaanxi province since the core industry of Xi'an is agriculture.译文绿色贸易壁垒与农产品出口Martin Beck.摘要：作为一个农业大国,中国农业产品的出口往往受到绿色壁垒的限制。
绿色壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及应对措施探析-经济学学士毕业论文
AbstractIn today's international economic background, the trends of economicin tegratio n are beco ming more and more obvious. Intern atio nal trade has bee n regarded as one of the main driving forces of international economic, and it has been an unprecedented development. Economic and trade exchanges between the coun tries becomemore freque nt,and closely relati on ship in creas in gly. At the same time, Trade competiti on betwee n coun tries also reached the exte nt of white-hot.In order to protect their own industries and markets, somecountries takes a series of trade restrictions, such as Green trade barriers. Green trade barriers has been widely use since the 20th cen tury 90 years. it is one of the main barriers to international trade in the field of international trade today. In this paper, the gree n barrier is the most popular kind of intern ati onal non-tariff barriers. By analyzing the background of green barriers, and practical application of intern atio nal trade, and its in flue nee on gree n trade, study of the gree n barriers in systematic. and then accordding to domestic and foreign scholars on the theoretical study of the green barriers, on the basis of the shortcomings of foreign trade barriers, putt ing forward to some efficie nt policys solve the problem so that it can provide a theoretical referenee for international trade to across thetrade barriers.Keywords：Green Barriers ,lnternational Trade , Response引言国际贸易作为国际经济一体化的主要推动力之一，近年来得到了前所未有的发展，各国间的经济贸易往来愈加频繁、关系愈加密切，各国间的贸易竞争也达到了白热化的程度。
绿色贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响及对策学位论文
绿色贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响及对策中文摘要随着经济的全球化和国际贸易发展，国际农产品贸易竞争日益激烈，各国为保护自国经济而盛行起贸易保护主义，各式各样的新型绿色贸易壁垒兴起，严重阻碍了我国农产品的出口；加上人民币对美元持续升值，国内农产品价格的走高，中国农产品出口面临着巨大的挑战与机遇，解决绿色贸易壁垒的问题，对中国农产品出口有着积极的作用。
本文通过描述当今中国农产品进出口现状并结合中国农产品出口遭受绿色贸易壁垒的实际情况，对其影响进行阐述和分析，并相应提出针对绿色贸易壁垒的几项解决对策，通过多方面措施的有效实行，从而达到提高中国农产品在国际市场的竞争力的目的。
关键字：绿色贸易壁垒，中国，农产品，出口ABSTRACTWith economic globalization and international trade development, international agricultural trade in an increasingly competitive economy countries for the protection of the prevalence of self-starting trade protectionism, the rise of a wide range of new green trade barriers, has seriously hindered the export of agricultural products in China; Canada continued appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar, higher prices of domestic agricultural products, exports of agricultural products in China faces enormous challenges and opportunities to address the problem of the green trade barriers, agricultural exports to China has a positive effect. This paper describes the current status of China's agricultural product export of China's agricultural products being combined with the actual situation of the green trade barriers, described and analyzed their impact, and propose a number of trade barriers against the Green Solutions, through the effective implementation of various measures so as to improve China's agricultural products competitive in the international market purposes.Key Words：Green Trade Barrier, China, agricultural products, Exports绿色贸易壁垒对中国农产品出口的影响及对策一、绿色贸易壁垒的内容及产生原因（一）绿色壁垒的内容根据目前我们国内一些比较一致的看法，所谓绿色贸易壁垒，就是以保护自然资源、生态环境和人类健康为名，通过制定一系列复杂苛刻的环保制度和标准，对来自其他国家和地区的产品及服务设置障碍，限制进口，最终实现保护本国市场为目的的新型非关税壁垒。
浅析绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响与对策
从表１ 中我 们可 以看 出 ， 自从 我 国 入 世 以来 ， 我 国 的农 产 品进 出 Ｅ ｌ 贸易总 额大 幅度 上升 ， 但这 只是 表像 ， 从表 中数据 表 二 绿色壁垒对我 国农产 品出口的影响 明， 伴 随 着我 国农产 品进 出 口贸易 总 额 高速 增 长 的是 我 国农 １ ． 绿 色贸易壁垒对我国农产品 出口 影响的博弈分析 产 品 的贸易 逆差 ， 且逆 差走 向呈 逐年 扩大 的趋 势 。 Ｃ ２设置 ｃ ２不设置 ２ ０ ０ ２ 年 我 国 加入 ＷＴＯ， 我 国 农产 品 走 向 国 际市 场 ， 以农 Ｃ １ 设置 （ ２ ， １ ） Ｉ （ ２ ， 一 ２ ） 业 为 主导 的我 国经济 迅速 发展 。 ２ ０ ０ ２ 年 农 产 品进 出 口贸易 Ｃ ｌ 不设置 （ 一 １ ，１ ） ｌ（ ０ ， ０ ） 总额为３ ０ ６． ６ 亿美 元 ， 其 中出 口额 为 １ ８ １ ． ９ 亿美 元 ， 进１ ２ １ 额 为 １ ２ ４ ． ７ 亿美元， 可 以看 出 我 国农产 品 出 口形势 非常 可观 。 除 由于 我 国农产 品 出 口遭遇率 绿 色 贸易 壁 垒的 国 家主 要为 ２ ０ ０ ８ 年 受 金融 危机 的 影 响 ， 我 国农 产 品进 出 口贸易总 额 下 降 美 国 、 Ｅ ｔ 本 、欧 洲等 发达 国家 ， 我 国与其在 技 术水 平 ， 环 境标 外， 在 此 后 的９ 年里 ， 我 国农 产 品的 进 出 Ｅ ｌ 贸易 总 额保 持着 每 准 ， 市 场规模 ， 法规 条例 存在 较大 的差 异 。发达 国家 比对 我 国 年 高 速 增 长 的趋 势 ， 在２ ０ １ １ 年 更 是达 到 了 １ ５ ５ ６． ２ 亿 美元 ， 但 农产 品 出 口设置 绿 色 贸易 壁 垒 ， 即便 是 我 国对 进 口发 达 国 家 是出Ｅ ｌ 额 是６ ０ ７ ． ５ 亿美 元 ， 进 口额 是９ ４ ８ ． ７ 亿 美 元 。 由表 中我 的农 产 品设 置 绿色 贸 易壁 垒 ， 我 国与 发 达 国家 在 农产 品进 口 们可 以得 出 ， 在２ ０ ０ ２ 年 到２ ０ ０ ３ 年 期 间我 国都 保 持 的农产 品 贸 方面 设置 的绿 色 贸易 壁垒 所 产生 的 收 益效 果 也不 同 ， 我 国 的 易顺 差 的 优 势 ， 在２ ０ ０ ４ 年 我 国农 产 品 出 现首 次 贸 易逆 差 ， 贸 收益 必定小 于 发达 国家 的收益 。 易逆 差额 为 一４ ８ ． ９ 亿美 元 ， 在２ ０ ０ ４ 年 到２ ０ ｌ １ 年这 几 年 中贸 易 图中 ， Ｃ １ 为 发 达 国家 ， Ｃ２ 为 我 国 假 设 发 达 国家 ｃ １ 设
《2024年技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口影响分析及应对策略研究》范文
《技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口影响分析及应对策略研究》篇一一、引言随着全球经济一体化的不断深入，技术性贸易壁垒（Technical Barriers to Trade, TBTs）在国际贸易中日益成为重要的贸易保护措施。
作为世界上最大的农产品出口国之一，我国农产品在出口过程中遭遇的技术性贸易壁垒越来越多。
本文将针对技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响进行深入分析，并探讨相应的应对策略。
二、技术性贸易壁垒概述技术性贸易壁垒是指一国在进口或出口商品时，以维护国家安全、保护人类健康、保护动植物生命安全、保护环境等为由，采取的一系列强制性或非强制性的技术性限制措施。
这些措施包括但不限于产品标准、质量认证、检验检疫、技术法规等。
三、技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响（一）正面影响虽然技术性贸易壁垒在一定程度上限制了我国农产品的出口，但同时也促进了我国农产品质量的提升和产业结构的优化。
通过提高产品质量和安全标准，我国农产品在国际市场上的竞争力得到了提高。
（二）负面影响1. 增加出口成本：由于国外对进口农产品的质量、安全、环保等方面的要求不断提高，我国农产品出口企业需要投入更多的资金进行产品检测、认证和改进，从而增加了出口成本。
2. 降低出口量：由于技术性贸易壁垒的限制，我国部分农产品无法进入目标市场，导致出口量减少。
3. 影响农民收入：农产品出口是我国农民增收的重要途径之一，技术性贸易壁垒的增加会降低农民的出口收入，进而影响农村经济发展。
四、应对策略研究（一）加强标准化建设我国应加强农产品质量安全标准体系建设，提高国内标准与国际标准的接轨程度。
同时，加强农产品质量监管，确保出口农产品的质量安全。
（二）提高技术水平我国应加大对农产品生产和加工技术的研发投入，提高农产品的科技含量和附加值。
通过技术创新，提高农产品的质量和安全性，降低生产成本，增强国际竞争力。
（三）加强国际合作与交流我国应积极参与国际标准化组织和技术性贸易壁垒协议的制定，加强与其他国家的交流与合作，共同应对技术性贸易壁垒。
绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响与对策分析
绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响与对策分析随着国际贸易大环境的改善,关税壁垒不断降低,在新的贸易条件下,西方发达国家为达到贸易保护的目的,积极推出新的非关税壁垒措施来实施其贸易保护战略。
绿色壁垒作为贸易保护主义的一种非关税壁垒形式,被发达国家及一些发展中国家采用。
本文从绿色壁垒的概念、形式入手,分析绿色壁垒对农产品出口的影响并提出应对措施。
标签：绿色壁垒农产品出口绿色壁垒(Green Trade Barrier),又称环境壁垒,绿色保护主义。
它是指在现代国际贸易中,产品的进口国以保护有限资源、人类、动植物的卫生健康和生态环境为名,通过制定、颁布、实施严格的环境保护法规和苛刻的环境保护技术标准,以达到使国外产品无法进入或进入时受到一定限制,以保护本国产品和市场为目的的贸易保护措施。
绿色壁垒的形式常见的有绿色技术标准,绿色环境标志,绿色卫生检疫制度,绿色包装制度和成本内在化要求与绿色补贴限制。
而绿色壁垒也体现出较强的技术性,较大的灵活性,较高的隐蔽性,一定的歧视性,影响的严重性和较大的争议性。
一、我国农产品出口遭受绿色壁垒的原因我国农产品出口遭受绿色壁垒困境,其原因主要来自两个方面,一方面西方发达国家通过立法或制定强制性的技术规则,对进口产品实行市场准入。
另一方面来自我们自身的原因。
1.国际原因由于WTO建立后关税水平的进一步下降和数量限制措施的取消,使越来越多的国家寻找新的更加隐蔽的保护手段来对本国产业进行保护。
根据H-O模型,一国应生产并出口大量使用本国非常丰富的生产要素所生产的产品。
相对而言,我国劳动力非常丰富,劳动密集型农产品的价格低于国际市场价格,从而获得了比较优势,能够大量进入国际市场。
然而近年来,由于经济增长缓慢、失业压力增加、优势产业空心化等影响,使发达国家的贸易保护主义重新抬头。
出于对本国利益的考虑和对本国产业的保护,一些国家利用这些不完善的规则来掩盖自己限制进口的真正目的,不合理的绿色壁垒正是在这种情况下成为进口国为在国际竞争中取胜而采取的贸易保护手段,而在科学技术的发展带动下,高精度技术检测仪器的发展成为有些国家设置绿色贸易壁垒的“帮凶”。
绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及研究对策外文文献原文及译文
中 北 大 学 信 息 商 务 学 院毕业论文外文文献原文及译文学号：系 别：专指导教师：2012年 6 月08090444X17 经济与管理系 国际经济与贸易绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响萨金特莱斯大学经济管理学院摘要：近年来，绿色消费在许多发达国家中已成为一个主要的消费趋势，这些发达国家开始采取严格的措施来限制一些国家的产品进入其国内市场。
这些国家主要是其产品低于发达国家制定的环境保护标准。
关键词：绿色壁垒；农产品；贸易近年来，绿色消费在许多发达国家中已成为一个主要的消费趋势，这些发达国家开始采取严格的措施来限制一些国家的农产品进入其国内市场。
这些国家主要是其产品低于发达国家制定的环境保护标准。
这些规定对发展中国家的出口有许多不利的影响，这些规定一般被称为“绿色贸易壁垒”。
绿色贸易壁垒的有关规定与世界贸易组织的有关协议相一致。
绿色贸易壁垒的定义是：以保护整个人类赖以生存的自然环境和保护人体健康为的名义，制定一系列的规则条款，以达到发达国家保护其国内市场和国内产品的目的。
1、分析绿色贸易壁垒的形成原因首先，生态环境的恶化是绿色贸易壁垒形成的主要原因。
随着工业和技术的发展，社会经济飞速发展，人民生活水平得到显著改善。
但与此同时，经济的发展也以生态环境的破坏为代价。
环境问题已经引起社会公众的注意而且国际社会也已开始制定法律来保护生态环境。
在1972年6月，联合国发表的斯德哥尔摩宣言，强调了保护环境的重要性。
从那时起，越来越多的人开始关注的环境问题。
环境的概念应景影响人类生活的各个层面，在社会公众的压力下发达国家开始制定严格的措施来保护生态环境。
这也就逐渐形成了国际贸易的绿色壁垒。
其次，国与国之间在技术水平，环境标准和对外直接投资等方面的差异导致了绿色贸易壁垒的形成。
正如我们所知，发达国家在社会整体水平和科学技术水平上远远领先发展中国家。
即使他们作出非常严格的环境保护标准，其国内的产品可以达到严格的环境保护标准的要求，而这些标准则可能对来自发展中国家的产品构成障碍。
绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策.的论文-国际贸易论文
绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策.的论文国际贸易论文摘要:最近几年,发达国家以食品安全为由,运用wto规则,设置了重重绿色壁垒,以限制进口他国农产品和食品,进而保护本国农产品市场免受冲击。
我国作为wto的新成员,与世界各国间的贸易往来与日俱增,但由于近几年我国出口农产品遭到国外多次“阻截”,绿色壁垒已成为我国入世以来农产品出口面临的最大障碍。
研究绿色壁垒,积极采取应对措施具有非常重要的现实意义。
本文首先介绍国外对我国农产品出口所实施的绿色壁垒的情况,进而分析其对我国农产品出口的影响,最后提出应对绿色壁垒的几点对策。
关键词:绿色壁垒,农产品,国际贸易,影响,对策随着国际农产品市场的进一步开放和国际农产品关税的不断降低,国际农产品出口贸易得到了很大的发展,国际农产品市场的竞争也日趋激烈。
发达国家为了维护本国的经济利益,争夺国际农产品市场,在wto提出可持续发展理念的前提下,采取了极其隐蔽的方式来限制其他国家农产品的出口贸易,绿色壁垒就是在这种情况下产生的。
绿色壁垒又称“环境壁垒”,是指以保护人类和动植物的生命、健康或安全,保护生态或环境为由而采取的直接或间接限制甚至禁止贸易的法律、法规、政策与措施。
这一概念的界定基本上立足以下两点:一是绿色壁垒的外在表现形式是各国采取的法规、政策与措施;二是绿色壁垒的性质,即以保护生态环境或人类和动植物的健康为由而采取的一种技术性贸易壁垒,是非关税壁垒的一种形式。
绿色壁垒的表现形式主要有绿色关税、绿色市场准入、绿色反补贴、环境贸易制裁、推行国内ppm标准及其他标准、消费者的消费选择(绿色消费)、强制性绿色标志、强制要求质量认证、繁琐的进口检验制度等[2]。
由于发达国家的经济发展水平和环保技术水平较高,其环保要求和标准也较高。
因此,当今作为绿色“门槛”的环保法律、法规以及苛刻的技术标准制定的主动权主要掌握在发达国家手中,加之没有一个国际通行的普遍标准或可比标准,进口国可以根据国内的需要随时制定并实施针对进口产品的绿色壁垒,致使出口国常常陷入被动,造成很大的贸易风险。
外文文献翻译_《绿色贸易壁垒对中国对外贸易的影响》毕业论文_中英对照
毕业论文外文资料翻译题目绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响学院经济学院专业国际经济与贸易班级国贸0712学生李聪敏学号***********指导教师刘玉刚二〇一一年四月二十二日Journal of Economic Surveys, 2006, 11: 24-25.Green Barriers Trade and its Influences on China'sForeign TradeThomas J. SargentABSTRACTIn recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection.Key words：Green Barriers; products; TradeIn recent years, green consumption has become a main trend of the consumption in many developed countries and these countries began to make strict standards to restrict the entry of foreign products below their standards of environmental protection. These regulations have many unfavorable influences on the export of developing countries and are generally known as "Green Barriers to trade". In accordance with the provisions of the Agreement on Green Barriers to Trade of WTO, "Green Barriers to Trade" is defined as the compulsory and arbitrary Green regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of the importing countries in the name of the protection of human health and environment that actually form barriers to trade with an aim to protect its home market and domestic products.1. Analysis on the causes of formation of "Green Trade Barriers"Firstly, the worsening of ecology is the major reason for "Green Barriers". With the development of industry and technology, the economy increases very fast and the human life has been improved. But at the same time, the development of economy is at a cost of the destruction of environment. The environmental problems have aroused public attention and the international society has begun to make laws to protect environment. In June, 1972, the United Nations published the Stockholm Declaration and stressed the importance of the protection of environment. From then on, more and more people concern about the environmental problems. The concept of environment has influenced the life of humankinds in every layer and the developed countries began to make very strictenvironmental protection rules under the pressure of public, which forms a barrier to the international trade.Secondly, the differences between countries in technology, environmental standards and investment directly cause the "Green Trade Barriers". As we know, developed countries surpass the developing countries in science and technology. Even if they make very strict environmental standards, their domestic products can reach the requirements of strict environmental standards while such standards may constitute barriers to products from developing countries. In fact, these standards may become discriminations against products from the developing countries and constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between country.Thirdly, the rise of protectionism in some developed countries contributes much to the formation of Green barriers. In modern market economy, competition is more severe than before. The domestic industries are directly facing competition from the products of other countries, and they will urge their governments to take effective measures to protect them from the foreign products. While because of the multilateral negotiations of WTO, the tariffs have been greatly cut down and the use of non-tariff measures has also been restricted. Therefore, many developed countries have to resort to some legal restrictions of importation such as Green barriers to protect their home industries, which gives rise to the increase of Green barriers.2. The main forms of Green barriers tradeIn accordance with the related provisions of WTO Agreement on Green Barriers to Trade, the Green barriers are usually in the forms as follows:2.1Green TariffSome developed countries would impose import surtax on products that may cause pollution or harms to the environment. If such measure is abused, it will constitute a Green barrier to trade.2.2Green StandardsGreen standards refer to those compulsory Green standards provided through legislation. With their superiority in economy and technology, developed countries tend to make higher Green standards with no consideration on the interests of the developing countries. Such high Green standards will in fact constitute a barrier to the products fromdeveloping countries which are inferior in technology.2.3 Package RequirementsCertain developed countries stress too much on the protection of environment and require the products should be packed with materials that will have no harm to the environment. If the products are not packed in this way, they will not be allowed to sell in the developed countries. If such requirements are unnecessarily strict, they will be a barrier to the international trade.2.4 Sanitary and quarantine inspection systemOn the excuse of the protection of the health of human, animals and plants, developed countries tend to use very strict sanitary and quarantine inspection to restrict the importation of the products from the developing countries and protect their domestic industries.3. Influences of Green barriers on China's foreign tradeChina has suffered great loss due to the "Green barriers". In 2002, vegetables from Taizhou were prevented from entering Japan because of Japanese strict inspection and the price was greatly cut down. Also in 2002, the aquatic products from Ningbo were restricted by European Union (EU) because they could not reach the sanitary standards of EU. Due to Green trade barriers, 60 kinds of Chinese agricultural chemists were banned by EU because they could not reach the Green standards of EU. In accordance with the statistics of United Nations, China has suffered a loss of $7.4 billion in 2002 due to "Green barriers trade". China's export to EU, Japan, Korea and other countries decreases notably. Generally speaking, agricultural products and foodstuff, textile products and mechanical and electronic products are the three main industries which suffer great loss because of the strict Green barriers. Since these three products constitute the majority of Chinese exportation, we can easily draw a conclusion: "Green barriers to trade" has become one of the major obstacles in Chinese exportation.4. Countermeasures to the Green barriers of the developed countriesAs mentioned above, it is a fact that the Chinese export products are facing Greenbarriers of the developed countries and has suffered great loss. Therefore Chinese exporters should think carefully about the countermeasures to eliminate the unfavorable influences of such measures. First, we should make full use of the preferential treatment to the developing countries stipulated in the Agreement of Green trade barrier. According to the provisions of the Agreement of Green trade barrier, developed countries should take account of the special development, financial and trade needs of developing country members with a view to ensuring that such Green regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to exports from developing countries. So, as a developing member of WTO, China is entitled to such preferential treatment. Secondly, China should make use of the Dispute Settlement System of WTO to protect her interests. Different from GATT, WTO has set up a powerful dispute settlement system to solve the disputes between the members of WTO. So, if our interests are harmed by the unfair Green barriers of other WTO members, we can resort to Dispute Settlement Body to settle this dispute and urge other members to change their unfair practices so as to protect our interests. Thirdly, China should stress the protection of environment and take measures to improve the quality and Green level of her export products to meet higher Green standards, which will fundamentally solve the problem of Green barriers.References[1]John, Smith. 2007, Green trade protectionism to Chinese agricultural product export influence Economics ,4,34-56.[2] Anderson, J.L., 2001, The Greening of World Trade Issues, Journal of Marketing Research, 24, 347-356.[3] Gallagher, R., 2003, International Trade in Agricultural Products, Journal of General Management, 3, 1, 43-62.经济研究杂志, 2006, 11: 24-27.绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响萨金特莱斯大学经济管理学院摘要：近年来，绿色消费在许多发达国家中已成为一个主要的消费趋势，这些发达国家开始采取严格的措施来限制一些国家的产品进入其国内市场。
《2024年“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究》范文
《“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响研究》篇一一、引言随着全球环境保护意识的日益增强，绿色贸易壁垒作为一种非关税壁垒形式，逐渐成为国际贸易中的一种重要现象。
对于我国这样一个农业大国而言，农产品出口受“绿色壁垒”的影响尤为显著。
本文旨在深入探讨“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响，分析其背后的成因及应对策略，以期为我国农产品出口提供有益的参考。
二、绿色壁垒的概念及特点绿色壁垒，是指在国际贸易中，进口国以保护生态环境、人类及动植物生命安全为由，以限制或禁止某些商品进口为手段所设置的贸易障碍。
其特点包括：名义上的正当性、形式上的多样性、实施上的隐蔽性等。
三、“绿色壁垒”对我国农产品出口的影响1. 积极影响（1）促进农产品质量提升：绿色壁垒的设立，促使我国农产品生产者更加注重环保和产品质量，推动了农产品质量的整体提升。
（2）推动农业可持续发展：绿色壁垒的引入，使我国农业向更加环保、可持续的方向发展，有利于农业生态环境的改善。
2. 消极影响（1）出口受阻：由于国外设置的绿色壁垒标准过高或过于严格，导致我国部分农产品无法达到进口国的要求，从而无法出口。
（2）成本增加：为达到进口国的环保标准，我国农产品生产者需要投入更多的资源进行环保改造和技术升级，导致成本增加。
（3）市场竞争力下降：由于绿色壁垒的影响，我国农产品在国际市场上的价格优势逐渐减弱，竞争力下降。
四、“绿色壁垒”成因分析1. 国际贸易保护主义抬头：一些国家借环保之名行贸易保护之实，设置绿色壁垒以保护本国产业。
2. 环保意识增强：随着全球环保意识的提高，人们对产品的环保要求也越来越高。
3. 国内政策推动：一些国家通过设立绿色壁垒来推动国内环保产业的发展。
五、应对“绿色壁垒”的策略建议1. 加强国际合作与交流：积极参与国际环保合作与交流，了解国际绿色贸易规则和标准。
2. 提高农产品质量与安全标准：加强农产品质量与安全监管，提高我国农产品的整体质量与安全水平。
国际贸易：论文中英文附录-浅析绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响
毕业论文英文参考资料姓名学号年级专业系（院）指导教师20xx年x月x日原文部分（英文）（3500个单词左右）Analysis of the impact of green barriers on China's exports of agricultural products(From: Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2005, (2))In recent years, the environment-protection in international trade inclines to be stronger and stronger, the new developing non-tariff trade barriers such as the green (organic) trade barrier have become certain rationality, disguise and technology under the title of environmental protection, and become the effective weapon of trade protectionism more and more. It has already formed the difficult door hank for us through the swift and violent development in a few years, assaulting the export of our agricultural products seriously. Whether we could cross this green protective screen become the key problem for the continuous and constant development of our agricultural products export under the new situation of China's accession to the WTO.1.Implications, Characteristics and Formulation of Green Barrier1.1 Implication of the green barrierThe meaning of trade barrier includes tariff barrier and non-tariff trade barriers, and the technological barrier is the main form of non-tariff trade barriers. With the constant development of TBT(Technical barriers to trade)，the green barrier has already become the important component of TBT.Green barrier is a kind of neutral barrier. Normal green barrier means to take rational measure of trade actually to protect environment legally. And the rational green barrier means that the importer implement import restrictions on ecological environment protection, natural environment, the health animals and plants. Up to now, it has already permeated through planning from the initial raw materialsof products to each link, such as production procedure, packing and selling, consumer’s usage and scrap and dealing, etc. Progressively. It stipulates according to relevant environmental protection standards, requires the import goods should not only be in accordance with the quality level, and should also be in accordance with the environmental protection request from designing, making, packing to consuming link of handing etc., and can't cause danger to ecological environment and human health. Such new trade protective measure can stop abroad products effectively, especially environmental consciousness bad, backward in technique entry of product of developing country.1.2 The formulation of the green barrierWith the rapid economic growing of various countries, the global environmental question is aggravated day by day after the World War II. In face of the ecological environment that is destroyed and polluted miserably, the green peace organization has sent out the sharp accusation: the mankind has made the paradise of a piece of rubbish, world people increasing at double and spreading like the pestilence have caused the extinction of 500 animals and plants, it is robbing the fuel on the earth. When the holding capacity of the ecological environment reaches limit, it will begin to carry the terrible vindictiveness to the mankind. In face of the severe vindictiveness of natural environment, day-by-day the international community has lifted the powerful environmental tide. People also gradually realize that it is mankind's common responsibility to protect the environment, and we must adopt the common action.The formulation of the green barrier of trade protectionism and needs are not out of ecological environment protection and human health there is one side reason is that trade of its rationality. But its profound reason is that trade protectionism resumes, and several negotiations between GATT and WTO have already kept the tariff very low, cariouscountries are unable to achieve the goal of exercising restraint in importing to cause through the tariff. "Protecting the national economic benefits" is basic hopes when various countries carry on international trade, so adopting restriction when foreign products enter national market, and guaranteeing national products that occupied domestic market become natural acts1.3 Characteristics of the green trade barrioThere are era backgrounds in appearances of the green trade barrier of rationality of the surface content. "Limit increased" which Club of Rome published in 1972. The report and the first world environments summit meeting holding at Stockholm of Sweden in the same year have promoted the development of environmental protection sport of the world. Mankind begin to think the relations of the environment, economic growth and social welfare, to intro-sped the prevailing consumption mode, followed the world environmental doctrine sport, and to think the production, trade and environmental protection factor while consuming be paid more and more concerns. On the other hand, the deterioration of environment is constant day by day, and arouses highly concerns of the people all around the world, especially on the environmental protection of developed country. People care more and more about life quality, pay close attention to the ecological environment, and pursue non-harmful consumption. Although the green trade barrier seems has catered to the public’s needs, and is in accordance with sustainable development goals of various countries, the trade protectionism restrains the foreign products from importing in fact.The legitimacy of the external form lies in a series of countries as a kind of brand-new main difference between green trade barrier and other non-tariff trade barriers. Border legislates in order to legislate to stipulate and implement publicly accusing to using publicly at home. Haveall made the corresponding regulation to the green trade barrier in PTO, relevant trade agreement and international environmental convention. At present, more than 150 multilateral international protocols have already been signed in the world. The extension of the scope of application with various countries actively pursues the sustainable development strategy.The range of the green trade barrier is more and eating, wearing, using, living, transporting to playing, and from means of livelihood to means of production, all products trade related to ecological environment, natural health belong to it and protect resources and human health belong to it and protect the content. In the last few years, some fields, such as service trade, technological trade have expanded beyond the trade of the products.2 Forms of the Green Barrier2.1 Green technical standardIt is usually some countries to pass the legislative means in the name of environmental protection to make a series of mandatory strict environmental protection technical standards, in order to forbid or exercise restraint in importing. These standards are all made according to one' s own production and engineering level by developed countries, so it is very difficult for developing country to reach these standards.2.2 Green packing systemIt means that the packaging of the products is harmless to ecological environment and health, can economize resources, and is easy to resolve naturally. Because of the development of the international economy, the packing article is increasing constantly, caused a large number of rubbish and esource waste. Various countries’ governments adopt countermeasures to use the green pack to promote, the main measures include stipulating legislative form that forbids using a certain material and encourage using resources that can be recycled etc. by way of legislation2.3 System of environmental health quarantineThe government of a country has the right of taking quarantine measures to protect mankind and health of animals and plants, especially to guarantee the people and animals food exempt from the influence of pollutant, toxin, additive, etc., and to guarantee that the mankind exempts from importing the harm with diseases caused by the animals and plants. Regulation of "the hygiene and animal and plant quarantine measure agreement": each member has the right to take the hygiene and animal and plant quarantine measure, but should be by protecting the lives of the mankind, livestock and plant or not exceeding healthily, and should not violate the non-discrimination principle.3.The Impact of“Green Barrier”on the Trade of Chinese Agricultural ProductsAgricultural products have been a competitive product of the foreign export of our country within quite a long time. After reform and opening-up, as our country exports the constant improvement of the product specification, the export of agricultural products has already dropped to the secondary position, but the annual volume of export is still large. At present, main agricultural products that our country exports are meat birds, beasts and eggs, marine product, fruits and vegetables products, etc. Because of the prevailing of green barrier, the export of Chinese agricultural products receives serious influence in recent years3.1 Green barriers have limited the present stage of export range of Chinese agricultural productsThe important export markets of agricultural products of China are developed countries and some new developing industrialized countries, such as USA, Japan, European Union, etc., and these countries implement the green country with more serious barrier exactly. They rely on the advanced technological advantage to examine the system of quarantiningafter making strict hygiene on animals and plants, agricultural products produced with the processing technical standard, residue amount of agriculture chemical and toxicant and require etc., the packing of product and treatment which pack the offal. These complicated, harsh standard and system influence the export range of agricultural products of our country seriously, because a lot of agricultural products can't be exported without according with these regulations and requirement. The agricultural product range of the "green barrier" is bigger and bigger. The implemented technological ranges of barrier in some developed countries for Chinese agricultural products export increase constantly, and have already included most agricultural products, such as grain, fruit, Vegetables, livestock produce, aquatic produces, birds' products, tea, etc.3.2 Green tariff respectsIn recent years, the western countries are collecting, replenishing and carrying on the environment to dump the investigation to the import of agricultural products constantly in the name of protecting the environment, to impose the import surtax with polluting the environment or influencing the ecological agricultural product lesson, even limit, forbid importation.3.3 Market access respectsThe importer should check the production equipment of the exporter, thus guarantee that the imported products can respond to the request that national environmental protection is standard. In this way, the exporter will pay the fund, technology and human extra resources, will increase the cost of goods, and worsen the terms of trade of the exporter.3.4 Strengthen the control on agricultural product trade of Chinafrom developed countriesThe developed countries relying on the status of the big tradingnation and advanced technological advantage make the strict environmental protection regulation and relatively harsh technical standard to control the agricultural product exports of developing countries. Ten addition, World Trade Organization has not made the clear norm to the environmental question in international trade at present, causing developed country members to utilize this "green area" to play "the edge ball", and in the name of taking advantage of protecting the environment to implement trade discrimination against developing countries. China is hurt deeply in this respect4 Countermeasures for Chinese Agricultural Product Trade to Deal with Green Barrier4.1 The green marketing of barrierThe green marketing of barrier which also called environmental marketing or ecological marketing to cross over the green barrier, requires all enterprises to establish environmental consciousness in the whole course of producing and managing with the sustainable development strategy, to launch it in order to dispel, reduce the products and marketing activity to ecological environmental impact of service, and through the micro behavior of enterprises to promote the sustainable development of the human environment and economy. In develop the green products, it should begin with collecting relevant international green information actively in green marketing, research and analyze, and process the information deeply for the use of enterprises. In addition, enterprises should choose the green resource, should pay attention to the green design, develop green packaging, process the link of selling etc. to check strictly in production, in order to improve product quality conscientiously. Enterprises will make the green marketing association, green products and green price, green channel, green will be promoted and combined together organically, implementing the green marketing strategywill be in all round way. Green marketing is based on regular marketing, emphasize that unites the interests three of consumption demand, enterprise's interests and environmental protection organically, it is a kind of more advanced social marketing, green marketing pays attention to environmental protection even more than social marketing. The main content of green marketing is to collect green information, green products, counting and packing, making the green price, setting up green marketing channel and promoting etc. green green, enterprises can already improve the competitiveness in the international market of the products through one's own green image while implementing " green marketing ", can play and lead and strengthen function green on the public consumer behavior, help to open up the green product market4.2 To carry out IS014000 authentication conscientiously, adopt the green standard activelyGuide the new development of the marketing strategy. ISO14000 is the international environmental management standard, its aim is through setting up and implementing environmental management to achieve and improve the environmental behavior, purpose to prevent environmental pollution continuously, it is the new environment management, which is suitable for all enterprises. No matter for enterprises or for the brand, ISO14000 is all the first passport of international trade; it is "green pass" which breaks the green harrier that any country sets up.4.3 The policy of the agriculture4.3.1 Set up to the environmental protection type agricultural production subsidy measure. Improve the “green”content that our country exports agricultural products during a shorter time, should use high-efficient, low-toxicity pesticide, equilibrate fatly and examining the soil and applying fertilizer from encouraging peasants at first, develop " green agriculture " to start with, the government for enoughcompensation to the economic losses that peasants implement the environmental plan and suffer4.3.2 Carry on financial support to the supply of the environmental protection type agricultural assets product. Government to environmental protection research and development and produce, offer, replenish and reward of means of agricultural production, the route to supply from the agricultural goods and materials with is set about, change the thinkings of development of agricultural goods and materials such as the existing chemical fertilizer,etc., develop and produce and turn environmental protection and giving consideration to type means of agricultural production of output to to develop and produce by the high-efficient type means of agricultural production, improve agricultural productivity on the basis of sustainable development.4.3.3 Support environmental protection type research of agricultural science and technology and technology popularization in a more cost-effective manner, encourage the agricultural production structure to optimize. Study on environmental protection type agricultural technology and push away, use, can get up, get, protect the environment and keep the double efficiency of the output.4.3.4 Set up and replenish beasts and birds cultivating, transporting, butchering, environmental protection of the processing course. We should be in propagating, improving the standard of peasant household's animal's welfare consciousness in a more cost-effective manner, help peasant households to carry out cultivating, transportation of the welfare content up to standard with slaue standard in financial support way4.3.5 Support and lead it and study links of popularizing, transporting, processing etc. and offer the service up to standard of high quality in environmental protection type agricultural products in a more cost-effective manner, create conditions for evading the trade barriereffectively4.4 Accelerate the construction of standardized systemPerfect agriculture's standardized system, realize the standardization of agriculture produces, it not merely helps to bring about an agricultural advance to promote agricultural products international competition, can improve the international environment of the agricultural products trade of our country too. It should adopt the international standard and advanced standard of foreign countries actively first to accelerate the construction of standardized system, accelerate formulation and modification of the agricultural quality level of our country; Secondly should pay close attention to the epidemic prevention test work of the animals and plants, define the epidemic-stricken area of the harmful organism, it is not the epidemic-stricken area and the minuent is popular, and then break the green barrier abroad; Accelerate the environmental technological cooperation with the principal trade partner, the agreement signing relevant environmental standards to recognize each other finally. The development of the environmental protection industry of our country is still at primary stage, both environmental technology and environmental management has greater disparity with the developed country, it is unrealistic to reach the strict environmental standard of developed country in a short time, so we should promote the environmental technological cooperation with the principal trade partner while strengthening environmental management, combine environmental technology of my what country have now, management level and economic endurance, through carrying on the bilateral negotiation with the principal trade partner, try to sign the agreement recognizing each other, reduce the trade barrier formed because of difference of environmental standards4.5 Advance agriculture's structural strategical reajustment4.5.1 Improve agricultural products quality in an all-round way. Must accelerate introduction, seed selection and popularize the new variety, develop the characteristic products of high added value in a more cost-effective manner, high-quality ones that realize agricultural products melt, improve the special-purpose and applicability of agricultural products progressively4.5.2 Further speed up the development of animal husbandry. Accelerate the development of the animal husbandry, promote the planting by the development of animal husbandry, drive the processing industry, promote benign cycle between structural rationalization of agriculture and industry. Should take the effective measure at present, strengthen the improved variety of beasts and birds and beed the system and epidemic prevention system construction, develop feed industry and livestock produce deep processing, develop animal husbandry into a great industry4.5.3 Develop agricultural products and enter industry in a more cost-effective manner, expand high value, high added value agricultural product to export, this is an important measure which expands foreign exchange earning of agricultural products, develop deep processing of agricultural product, expand the agricultural product export, the ability to strengthen foreign exchange earning of agricultural products. Accelerate the development of processing of farm products, keeps fresh, the introduction, development of warehousing and transportation technology and apparatus improve the processing of farm products and keep fresh horizontally4.5.4 Optimize agriculture's regional overall arrangement. Adjust and optimize the regional structure rationally, develop characteristic agriculture in a more cost-effective manner. Coastal developed area and big city suburb will develop high-efficient agriculture and agricultureoriented for export and foreign exchange earnings actively; The fragile area of the ecology should devote more efforts to conceding the land to forestry and grass, develop industry of planting forest or fruit tress, grass industry and animal husbandry. Grain-production area take, through structural adjustment, give play to grain-production advantage, develop high-quality, special-purpose grain variety4.5.5 Develop the township enterprise, accelerate rural urbanization paces. Improve the agricultural competitiveness, must accelerate agricultural workforce's shifting, improve the agricultural labor productivity. Advance structural adjustment, system innovation and technology of township enterprise to create, encourage the township enterprise of many kinds of ownership forms to develop, expand the rural employment channel. Speed up the development of small town, reform the household register system of the small town, support peasants to enter the cities and towns and work and do business4.6 Making sustainable strategy4.6.1 Accelerate establishing the system of perfecting agricultural standard; improve the quality leve1 of agricultural products Should participate in the international standardized activity voluntarily, study and follow the trail of the international standard constantly conscientiously, adopt the international standard and advanced standard of foreign countries actively, accelerate the revision of making of the agricultural quality level of our country, in order to strengthen the export competitiveness of agricultural products of Gina. Should strengthen the quality inspection of agricultural products and measure system construction, introduce and develop monitoring technology- and equipment in the same level with the developed country, promote main agricultural products to examine the technology upgrading which measure the system, accelerate the process of connections withinternational standards. At the same time, should do a good job of quality authentication, it is important means to ensure food security quality and break through the "green barrier" of trade to implement quality safety approval to the food and agricultural product.4.6.2 Developing the environmental protection industry activelyThe countries all over the world support the environmental protection industry on legislating and policy, the reason is that its production cost is high, with high technical content, the Fund is intensive, general enterprises are unwilling to make the investment, so need supporting especially. To meet demands of consumer, we should design and develop the green products.4.6.3 Setting up green pack system of export productsGreen packing refers to be packed environmentally friendly, be circulated packaging used in utilization or regeneration. Because the packaging offal has already gradually become one of the important origins of the ecological mentally friendly environment pollution, to a environ-one may choose wrappings of reclaiming, it is already of the world first-selection of wrappings all over current countries References译文部分（中文）浅析绿色壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响近年来，在国际贸易中的环境保护倾向不断增强，在环境保护的名义下新发展的非关税壁垒如绿色（有机）壁垒已经成为合理的，隐蔽性和技术性，也使得贸易保护主义的影响范围越来越广。
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中 北 大 学 信 息 商 务 学 院
毕业论文
外文文献原文及译文
学号：
系 别：
专
指导教师：
2012年 6 月
08090444X17 经济与管理系 国际经济与贸易
绿色贸易壁垒及其对中国对外贸易的影响
萨金特
莱斯大学经济管理学院
摘要：近年来，绿色消费在许多发达国家中已成为一个主要的消费趋势，这些发达国家开始采取严格的措施来限制一些国家的产品进入其国内市场。
这些国家主要是其产品低于发达国家制定的环境保护标准。
关键词：绿色壁垒；农产品；贸易
近年来，绿色消费在许多发达国家中已成为一个主要的消费趋势，这些发达国家开始采取严格的措施来限制一些国家的农产品进入其国内市场。
这些国家主要是其产品低于发达国家制定的环境保护标准。
这些规定对发展中国家的出口有许多不利的影响，这些规定一般被称为“绿色贸易壁垒”。
绿色贸易壁垒的有关规定与世界贸易组织的有关协议相一致。
绿色贸易壁垒的定义是：以保护整个人类赖以生存的自然环境和保护人体健康为的名义，制定一系列的规则条款，以达到发达国家保护其国内市场和国内产品的目的。
1、分析绿色贸易壁垒的形成原因
首先，生态环境的恶化是绿色贸易壁垒形成的主要原因。
随着工业和技术的发展，社会经济飞速发展，人民生活水平得到显著改善。
但与此同时，经济的发展也以生态环境的破坏为代价。
环境问题已经引起社会公众的注意而且国际社会也已开始制定法律来保护生态环境。
在1972年6月，联合国发表的斯德哥尔摩宣言，强调了保护环境的重要性。
从那时起，越来越多的人开始关注的环境问题。
环境的概念应景影响人类生活的各个层面，在社会公众的压力下发达国家开始制定严格的措施来保护生态环境。
这也就逐渐形成了国际贸易的绿色壁垒。
其次，国与国之间在技术水平，环境标准和对外直接投资等方面的差异导致了绿色贸易壁垒的形成。
正如我们所知，发达国家在社会整体水平和科学技术水平上远远领先发展中国家。
即使他们作出非常严格的环境保护标准，其国内的产品可以达到严格的环境保护标准的要求，而这些标准则可能对来自发展中国家的产品构成障碍。
事实上，这些标准有可能成为对来自发展中国家农产品歧视的一种手段，并构成国与国之间任意或不合理的歧视。
第三，在一些发达国家，贸易保护主义的抬头，是形成绿色贸易壁垒的一个很重要
的原因。
在现代市场经济条件下，竞争与以前相比是越来越激烈了。
国内产业直接面临来自其他国家产品的强有力的竞争，他们将敦促各国政府采取有效措施，以保护他们自己免受来自外国产品的冲击。
然而由于世界贸易组织的多边谈判，关税已大大降低，使用非关税措施也受到限制。
因此，许多发达国家采取的一些法律限制进口，如绿色壁垒，以保护本国产业，从而引起绿色贸易壁垒的增加。
2、绿色贸易壁垒的主要形式
根据世界贸易组织有关绿色贸易壁垒的有关规定，绿色贸易壁垒通常有如下几种形式：2.1绿色关税
一些发达国家对其他国家强加进口附加税，这些国家主要是其产品可能会造成污染或损害环境的国家。
如果这种措施被滥用，这将构成绿色贸易壁垒。
2.2绿色标准
绿色标准是指那些强制性的通过立法规定的环保标准。
发达国家往往凭借其在经济和技术上的优势地位而制定更高要求的绿色标准，没有考虑对发展中国家的利益。
如此高的绿色标准实际上是对技术上没有任何优势的发展中国家够了绿色贸易壁垒。
2.3包装要求
某些发达国家过于强调环境保护而且要求用对环境没有任何损害的材料来包装物品。
如果产品没有按照发达国家的要求进行包装，他们将不会被允许在发达国家市场上出售。
如果这种严格的要求是不必要的，它们将阻碍国际贸易的进一步发展。
2.4卫生和检验检疫制度
借口保护人类健康，动物和植物，发达国家往往使用非常严格的卫生和检疫限制发展中国家产品进入其本国市场从而达到保护其国内产业和国内市场的目的。
3、绿色贸易壁垒对中国对外贸易的影响
由于绿色贸易壁垒，中国对外贸易额遭受了巨大的损失。
2002年，因为日本严格的检查和要求价格的大幅度降低，台州蔬菜被阻止进入日本市场。
还是在2002年，因为宁波市水产品不能达到欧盟所要求的卫生标准而被限制进入欧洲联盟（欧盟）。
由于绿色贸易壁垒，60种中国农药被禁止进入欧盟市场，因为他们不能达到欧盟的绿色标准。
根据联合国统计，由于“绿色贸易壁垒”，在2002年这一年中国遭受损失74亿美元。
中国出口到欧盟，日本，韩国和其他国家的跌幅尤其明显。
一般而言，由于严格的绿色壁垒，农产品和食品，纺织产品和机电产品的三个主要行业遭受损失最为严重。
由于这三大类产品是中国出口最多的产品，我们可以很容易地得出一个结论：“绿色贸易壁垒”已成为限
制中国农产品出口的一个主要障碍。
4、应对发达国家绿色贸易壁垒的主要对策
如上所述，这是一个事实即中国出口产品遭受发达国家绿色壁垒的严重限制，遭受了巨大损失。
因此，中国出口商应该仔细考虑对策，以消除绿色贸易壁垒不利影响。
首先，我们应该充分利用的优惠待遇来减少绿色贸易壁垒对发展中国家的限制。
根据协议对绿色贸易壁垒的有关规定，发达国家应当充分考虑到发展中国家的特殊发展，确保发展中国家在财政和贸易需要等方面不受绿色贸易壁垒的限制，确保绿色条款，标准和合格评定程序不给发展中国家带来不必要的麻烦，从而保证发展中国家的正常出口。
因此，作为世界贸易组织中的一个发展中国家，中国有权享受这种优惠待遇。
其次，中国应利用世界贸易组织的争端解决机制来保护自己的利益。
不同于关贸总协定，世贸组织已成立了一个更有力的争端解决机制来解决世贸组织的成员之间的纠纷。
因此，如果我们的利益受到其他世贸组织成员不公平的绿色贸易壁垒的损害，我们可以诉诸争端解决机构来解决这一争端，并敦促其他成员改变其不公正的做法，以保护我们的利益。
第三，中国应强调保护环境，并采取措施提高产品质量和水平，多出口达到绿色出口水平的产品，以满足更高的环保标准，这将从根本上解决我过所遭受绿色贸易壁垒这个问题。
参考文献
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