新概念英语第二册笔记-第78课
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Lesson 78Thelastone?
【Text】
After reading an articleentitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit acigarette to calm mynerves.I smoked withconcentration andpleasure as Iwas surethat this would be my lastcigarette. For a whole week Idid notsmokeat all and during thistime, mywife suffered terribly. I hadallthe usual symptoms of someonegivingup smoking:a bad temper andan enormousappetite.My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars.They made no effort tohidetheiramusement whenever Iproduced a packetof sweets from my pocket. After seven days ofthisIwent to aparty. Everybody aroundme was smoking and I felt extremelyuncomfortable.Whenmy oldfriendBrian urged me to accept a cigarette,it was morethanIcould bear. Itook one guiltily, lit itand smoked withsatisfaction. My wife wasdelighted thatthings had returnedto normal once more.Anyway, as Brian pointed out,it is the easiest thingin the world togive up smoking. He himselfhas done itlots of times!
【课文翻译】
读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后,我点上了一枝香烟,来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。
我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。
因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。
整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。
在此期间,我妻子吃尽了苦头。
我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状:脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。
我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。
每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时,他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。
这样过了7天以后,我去参加一次聚会。
我周围的每个人都在吸烟,我感到非常不自在。
当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时,我再也忍不住了。
我内疚地接过一枝点上,心满意足地抽起来。
一切又都恢复了正常,为此我妻子十分高兴。
不管怎么说,正如布赖恩指出的那样,戒烟是世界上最容易的事情,他自己就已戒了很多次了!
New words and expressions生词和短语
ou tosotoh
entitled
eg:This licenseentitles you to sell
这个执照授权你可以卖药。
词组拓展: be entitled to(do)sth.对...享有权利, 值得;有(做某事)的资格[权利]ﻫe
g:Womenemployeesare entitledto a maternityleaveof three months.
女性员工有权利休三个月的产假。
记忆点拨: en(动词前缀,使……)—title(标题)(使有标题)
2. calm
1)v. 使镇定
eg: Igave the frightened child some candies to calm him.
我给那个吓坏了的小孩一些糖果使他安静下来。
adj.平静的ﻫAfter a night of storm, thesea is nowcalm.
一夜暴风雨过后,大海现在很平静。
词组拓展: keepcalm保持镇定ﻫcalm down镇定下来ﻫcalm beforethestorm暴风雨前的平静
相关表达: calmness n.平静,冷静, 镇静
词义辨析: calm, peaceful,quiet, still
(1) calm(relaxed and quiet,notangry,nervous, or upset)主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”,也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”,
eg: Theskyis blue, andthe seais calm.
天空碧兰,海上风平浪静。
ﻫeg:Although she was frightened,she answered wi th acalmvoice.
虽然她害怕,但还是用平静的声音回答。
(2) Peaceful (apeaceful time, place, or situationis quiet and calm without any worry orexcitement) 指“和平的”表示“没有骚扰和战争的”
a peacefulenvironment和平环境。
(3)quiet (notmaking much noise, ormaking no noise at all)指“ 没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少”或“全然无声”
eg: He had aquiet life
他过着宁静的生活。
(4)still(quiet and calm) 指“没声音的”、“没动静的”, ﻫthe stillhours beforedawn黎明前的寂静时刻。
3. nerve n. 神经
eg: the feelingof being nervousbecause you are worried or a littlefrightenedﻫ
eg: He was a bundleof nerveswhen making the speech.
他在演讲的时候紧张死了。
eg:I drank a largeglass of beer to calm my nerves.
我喝了一大杯啤酒来镇定我的神经。
ﻫ词组拓展: get onsb's nerves使人心烦不安;使人心神不定ﻫstrain every nerve竭尽全力
相关表达:nervous adj.神经紧张的,不安的
4.concentration n. 集中,专心ﻫeg:Ican hardly concentrate on reading w ith allthatnoisearound.
周围这么多噪音,我几乎不能专心读书。
ﻫ
eg: The factory is concentrating on designing newproducts.
工厂正集中经历设计信产品。
eg:Yoga isan exercise which canimproves your powers of concentration.瑜伽是一种能提高注意力的运动。
eg:As asimultaneoustranslator I must listenandtranslate withgreat concentration.
作为一个同声传译工作者,我必须非常集中精神地听和翻译。
ﻫ相关表达: concentrate v. 集中记忆点拨: con(全部)—centr(中心)—ation(名词后缀)(全部在中心)
5.suffer
1) v. to experiencephysical or mental pain受苦,受害;
eg:I have beensuffering from abadheadache.
我有严重的头疼病。
eg: My grandmather died suddenlyand didn’t suffer.
我的奶奶突然就去世了,没受什么痛苦。
2)tobein averybad situation that makes things very difficultfor you 受损失
eg:Manyprivate businessessuffered agreatloss during the recession.
很多私有企业在经济衰退时期受了很大损失。
ﻫTheenemy forces sufferedheavy casualtie s.
敌方军队伤亡损失很大。
ﻫ词义辨析:bear,endure,stand,suffer,tolerateﻫbear(to bravely accept ordeal with a painful,difficult, or upsetting situation[= stand])广义的指容忍各种事情的能力
eg: Hecan't bear peoplesmoking whilehe's eating.
他受不了别人在他吃饭的时候吸烟。
Endure (to be in adifficult or painfulsituation fora long time without complaining)尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力:
eg: There arelimits towhat thehumanbodycan endure.
人体的忍耐力是有限的
stand(tobe abletoaccept or deal wellwith a difficult situation[=toler ate])指精神上坚毅,有决心:
eg:The pain was too intenseto stand.
痛苦强烈得无法承受。
--
eg: Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn'tperform in public.
受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。
ﻫSuffer(to experience physical or mental pa in)指顺从和克制
eg: He suffered their insults insilence.
他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。
Tolerate(to beable toaccept something unpleasant or difficult, even tho ugh you do not likeit)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情,含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意6. symptom n. something wrong with your body ormindwhich shows
that you haveaparticular illness症状;a signthat a serious problemexists征兆eg:Symptoms include headaches and fever.
症状包括头疼和发烧。
eg: Cough is one ofthesymptomsof having pneumonia
.咳嗽是肺炎的症状之一。
eg:After studyinghis symptoms,thedoctor diagnosedhe had gotafever.
在研究他的症状之后,医生诊断他发烧了。
ﻫeg:Thestrike is asymptomofthedeclination of economy.
这次罢工是经济衰退的征兆。
ﻫeg:The crimerate is a symptomofsocial unrest.
犯罪率是社会不安定的征兆。
7.temper n. atendency tobecome angry suddenly or easily脾气eg: He lost his temper whenhe saw his roommateusing histoothbrush.
当他看到同屋正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。
eg: If hecan’t learnhow to controlhistemper,hewill lost his job.
如果他不能学会控制他的脾气,他就会失去工作。
ﻫ词组拓展: keepone's temper忍住气;不发火
lose one's temper发火;生气
out of temper发火;动怒
相关表达: good-temperedadj.好脾气的
bad-tempered adj.坏脾气的
ill-tempered坏脾气的even-tempered好脾气的
temperamentn.气质,性格ﻫa nervous temperament易紧张的性格
8. appetite n.胃口,食欲ﻫ eg: Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite.
吃了太多冰激凌让我都没胃口了。
ﻫeg: Swimminggives me a great appetite.
游泳让我胃口大增。
ﻫ词组拓展:lose/have/spoil/giveappetite 失去食欲,有食欲,破坏食欲,促进食欲ﻫ谚语: Appetitecomes witheating. [谚]胃口越吃
--
越大(贪得无厌)。
ﻫ A good appetite is a good sauce. [谚]饥不择食。
9. produce
1) v. toshow,bringout, oroffersomething soit can beseenorconsidered拿出;生产;
eg:The old manproducedhispassport to theofficer with trembling hands.
老人用颤抖的双手把护照拿给长官看。
ﻫeg: If you can notproduce more evidence,you willbe sentenced to death.
如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。
ﻫeg: Grapes produced in thisfarmaremainly used tomake wine.
这个农场产出的葡萄主要用于造酒。
相关表达: productn.产品,产物production n.生产
10.urge v. to strongly advise someone todosomething力劝,怂恿;n.强烈欲望eg: Jackurged meto resign and start my own business.
JACK怂恿我辞职自己创业。
ﻫ eg:I urgedthatyou consider this decision carefully.
我劝你仔细考虑这个决定。
eg:I feltasuddenurgeto smoke.
我有强烈的想吸烟的欲望。
ﻫ相关表达: urgentadj.急迫的,紧张的
11. satisfaction
n. a feeling ofhappinessor pleasure becauseyou have achieved something orgot what you wanted满意,满足
eg: She got greatsatisfaction from helping others.
她从帮助别人的过程中得到很大的满足感。
eg:He looked athis paintingwithasmile ofsatisfaction.他看着他的画,露出满意的微笑。
相关表达:satisfyv.使满意ﻫsatisfactory adj.令人满意的
satisfied adj.感到满意的
dissatisfactionn.不满
12. delighted adj. very pleasedand happy欣喜的
eg: Weare delighted that thepresident will be watching ourperformance.
总统将要观看我们的演出,我们很高兴。
ﻫeg: We are delighted to know our best friendhad a lovely baby.
我们欣喜的得知我们最好的朋友生了一个可爱的孩子。
eg:Jonewasdelighted when she received the admissions letter from
--
HarwardUniversity.
接到哈佛大学的录取通知书时非常高兴。
ﻫ相关表达:delightn. 欣喜
词义辨析:pleasure delightjoy都含“快乐”、“愉快” 的意思。
pleasure(the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you
get from an experience)是常用词, 指“以任何形式表现出的或默默的快乐与满足”
eg:It's my pleasure to help you.ﻫ帮助你是我的快乐。
ﻫdelight(a feeling of great pleasureand satisfaction)语意比pleasure强, 指“极大的快乐”,尤指“以
一种活泼的态度表现出来的快乐”,
eg: The child clappedhis hands indelight.
那孩子高兴得拍起手来。
joy(great happiness and pleasure)指“高兴地表现出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪”,
ﻫeg: Success brought her great joy.ﻫ成功给她带来极大的快乐。
记忆点拨:delight(欣喜)ed(过去分词构成的形容词)
【课文讲解】
1. After reading an article entitled ' Cigarette Smokingand Your Health'I lit acigarette to calm mynerves.
entitled' CigaretteSmoking and Your Health' entitled 是过去分词,整个过去分词短语作定语修饰an article意思是一篇健康与吸烟的文章
tocalm my nerves来镇定我紧张的神经(动词不定式做目的状语),我点燃香烟目的是镇定我紧张的神经
lit v 点燃(light的过去式及过去分词)
light
1) v点火,着火
eg:Helitup a cigarette.
他点着香烟。
2) v(使)供给光线,照亮
eg: Welita candle andthe candle lit the room.
我们点燃蜡烛,蜡烛照亮了房间。
3) v(使)容光焕发
eg: Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face.
突然微笑是她的脸亮了起来。
light的过去分词及过去式有2种,light---lit---lit;light---lighted---lighted,区别在于:** lit通常做谓语动词
eg: The match is lit. 火柴被点燃了。
** lighted通常做定语,当做形容词来使用时放在名词之前。
a lighted match被点燃过的火柴
--
4)n 光
sunlight 阳光
firelight 火光
5) n 引火物
eg:Can yougive mea light,please?
能借个火吗?
6)n光线
eg: I can`tread while you are standing in my light.
你挡住我的光线了,我没法看书。
cometo light/bring to light(渐)为人所知之状态
in the lightof从…观点看
according toone`slights按照个人之见识
throw light on/ shed light on 使明白,解释
7) adj轻的
as light as air 毫无重量(轻的像空气)
as light asafeather 轻如鸿毛(想羽毛一样轻)
8)adj 少量的,教往常或预期少的
alight cropofwheat小麦的收成不佳
9) adj(指睡眠)浅睡的,睡不沉的,反义词(sound)
a light sleeper浅睡的人
10) adj (动作或做动作的人)轻快的,灵活的
a lightdancer快的舞者
2. Ismoked with concentration and pleasure as Iwas sure that this woul
dbe mylast cigarette.
be surethat(从句)表示对某事确信
as因为
eg:She stayed at home as she had no car.
因为没有车她呆在家里。
eg: Hesawher, astheywere both getting offthebus at thesame time .因为他们同时下的公交车,所以他看见她了
cigarette n 香烟,纸烟
cigarn雪茄
cigarette case 香烟盒
cigarette holder 烟嘴
cigarette lighter 打火机
3.For a whole week, Idid not smoke at all andduring this time, my wife
--
suffered terribly.
not…at all 根本不
duringthis time 在此期间
suffer v遭罪,吃尽苦头
terribly
1) adv 很糟糕(very badly)
eg:She suffered terribly when her son waskilled
她儿子的被杀让她痛苦极了。
2)(口)非常,很
notaterribly good film 不特别好的电影
eg:I am terriblysorry.
我非常抱歉。
4. I had all the usual symptoms of someone givingsmoking.:a bad temp
er and an enormous appetite.
giveup smoking
someone giving up smoking是个独立主格结构,做of的宾语;其中someone是逻辑主语,giving up smoking是逻辑谓语。
独立主格:一名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构,称为独立结构,常用于描绘性文字中,使其更生动。
eg:John being away,Henryhadto do the work.
John走了,Henry不得不做这份工作。
(后半句是个完整的句子,前半句是个独立的结构,John是逻辑主语,being away是逻辑谓语)eg:Helay on his back, hishands crossed underhis head.
他平躺着,头枕着双手。
(句子主干是he layon his back,他平躺着,那么怎样平躺着呢?双手交叉在头下;独立结构中,his
hands作为逻辑主语,crossed作为逻辑谓语)
eg:He entered the room,his nosered with cold.他进入房间,鼻子冻得通红。
(主干是he entered the room,独立结构是his nose red with cold)
an enormous appetite旺盛的食欲
5. My friends kept on offering me cigarette and cigars.
keepon doing sth持续不断做(keep表示保持某种状态)
eg:She kept onstudying.
她继续学习。
(无间断的)
eg: Please keep offthegrass.= Do not walk on it.
请勿践踏草坪(keep off远离)
eg: Hekept awayfrom the party.= Hedidnot come.
他没有来这个party(keep away避开)
--
eg:Under myessay,theteacher wrote:" Good work!Keepit up!"(keep sthup= continue making an effort 坚持做某事,继续努力) eg: Heran so fast, I could not keepup with him.=Icould not remain besidehim.
(keep upwithsb跟上某人,赶上某人)
eg: A bignotice on thedoor said,'keepout!'
门上贴了个醒目的告示,切勿入内!
(keep put= do not come in 切勿入内)
eg:The cat was keptin during the fireworks.= It was made tostay indoors.
放烟火时猫被关在屋子里(be keep in关在某处)
eg:Keep yourshirt!= Don`tworry. keep calm.别担心,放松。
keep asecret保守秘密
keep hens养母鸡
keep chickens 养鸡
keep cows养牛
eg:Heneeds more money to keep his wife and children.
他需要更多的钱去照顾妻子和孩子(keep=take careof照顾,照料)eg: They keepashop.他们经营一家商店。
eg:Theykeep a small hotel. 他们经营一家小旅馆。
keep sb from doing sth阻止(某人)做某事
keep in touch 保持联系
offer v 给予(后面加双宾语)
offer sb sth =offersth to sb给予某人某物
6. Theymade no effort to hide their amusement wheneverIproduceda pa
cket of sweets from my pocket.
make no effort to dosth 根本不作努力
makean effort 努力
eg: The prisonermadean effort toescape, but he couldn`t climbthepr isonwall.
这个囚犯努力想逃跑,但是他没能爬过监狱的墙。
hide
1) v 隐藏,藏
eg:You are hiding some important facts.
你隐瞒了一些重要的事实。
eg:Don`thideyour feelings;saywhatyou think.
不要隐瞒你的感情,说出你的想法。
--
2) v躲藏
eg: Iwillhide behind thedoor.
我将藏身于门后。
区别: coverv遮盖,隐蔽
eg: The noise was soloud that shecoveredher ears withherhands.
噪音太大了,以至于他用手遮住耳朵。
(so…that太…以至于…)
sweetn 糖果
candy(美)糖果
pudding n补丁(一种甜点心)
dessert n 餐后的甜点
mysweet=honey,baby称呼心上人的用语
7.Aftersevendays of thisI went toaparty. Everybodyaround me was smok ing and Ifelt extremely uncomfortable.
extremelyuncomfortable非常不自在
extremelyadv极度地,极端地,非常地
extremelyhot 非常地热extremely angry 极度地生气
extremelyheavy 格外地沉extremely sorry极度地抱歉
8.Whenmy old friendBrianurged meto acceptacigarette, it wasmore than I could bear.
urge sbto dosth劝说某人做某事
eg:It was morethan I could bear.= I could notbear itany more.我再也忍不住了。
morethan 万分,非常
eg: Wewere morethanhappy tohear of yourescape!
我们听到你逃了出来高兴的无以名状!
more…… than与其说…不如说…
eg:He is more mad than stupid.
与其说他很笨,不如说他疯了。
no more…than 与…一样,同样不(双重否定)
eg:He`s no more fitto be a ministerthan a schoolboy would be.
一个学童固然不宜当部长,他同样不宜。
9.I took one guiltily, lit itand smoked with satisfaction. Mywifewasdel ighted that thing had returned to normaloncemore.
guiltily adv内疚地
bedelighted that(从句)被(某事)感到高兴
returnto 恢复,返回
--
return toLondon 返回伦敦
return from work 下班回来
return sth归还(某物)
eg: Don`t forgettoreturnmykeys.
别忘了还我钥匙。
return n 回程
returnjourney回程
the return ofthebooks归还的书
thereturn of spring 春回大地
oncemore=once again又一次,再一次
10. Anyway, as Brianpointed out, it is theeasiest thing inthe world to giv eupsmoking.
as正像,正如
anyway= anyhow无论如何
eg:He may not likemy visit,but I shall go andsee him anyway/anyhow.
他可能不喜欢我的到访,但无论如何,我还是会去看他的。
point out 指出,把注意力引向
eg: He pointed heroutto me .
他把她的注意力引向我。
eg: May Ipoint outthat if wedon`t leave now we shall miss the bus.
我想指出,假如我们现在不离开的话,我们将错过公共汽车。
point of view 观点
pointed
1)adj尖的
long pointed fingernails 长长的,尖尖的手指甲
2) adj直截了当的, 不客气的
eg She lookedin apointed manner at the clock and Iunderstoodthatitwas time toleave.
他不客气的看了看表,我明白该走了。
give up doing放弃做某事
give up fishing 放弃钓鱼give up fighting 放弃斗争
11.He himself has done itlotsof times.
he himself他自己havedoneit=has givenupsmoking
【关键词组摘录】
1. b e ent itled to do 2. calm my ner ves 3. be sure t hat 4. not … a t a ll 5. su ffe r terr ib ly 6. give up d oing sth 7. a ba d temper a nd an en orm ous ap peti te 8. o ffe r s b sth 【Special di fficu lti es 】ﻫ与 ke ep 有关的短语动词: k eep on +doing st h.反复,持续
eg : My fr ie nd s ke pt on off ering m e c ig ar ette s.ﻫe g: He kept on s ay ing that he w as ti red . 他不断地说他累了。
ﻫ k eep off 不靠近,从……离开
eg: K eep off the flo wer bed. 请勿进入花坛。
ﻫeg: Ke ep you r ha nds o ff the fo od .别动吃的东西。
ﻫ keep awa y from (使……)不靠近,避开
eg : Why do y ou al wa ys k eep aw ay fro m me? 你为什么总躲着我?ﻫeg: Kee p th e children away fr om th e river . 别让孩子们去河边。
keep it up 不松劲,保持成绩,继续下去ﻫeg : Y ou've made much progres s. Keep i t up! 你已取得了很大进步。
继续努力!
eg: If yo u ke ep it up , you'll be ab le to set up a new wor ld recor d.
你如果保持下去/不松劲,你就能创一项新的世界纪录。
keep up with 跟上,不落在……后面
eg : A lt hou gh he walked as fast as he co uld, he stil l could n't kee p up with his f athe r.
虽然他尽快走,但他仍跟不上他父亲。
eg : In order to ke ep u p with his classmates, he worked har der than e ver . 为了跟上同学,他比以往任何时候都更努力。
ke ep out (使)留在外面,(使)不进入ﻫeg: He sh ut all t he doors an d wi nd ows t o ke ep o ut t he wind. 为了挡风,他关上了所有的门窗。
ﻫeg: 16,000-vo lt power line. Keep ou t! 16,000 伏高压线,不可靠近!
k eep in(把……)留在里面/关在屋里,不出外
e g: It's very c ol d toda y. We'd better keep in . 今天很冷。
我们最好别出去。
ﻫe g: Wh en the do g was k ep t in, it barked loudly . 那条狗被关在屋里时狂吠不止。
9. make no effort to do sth
10. feel uncomfortable
11. urge sb to do sth
12. more than I can bear
13. be delighted that
14. return to normal
15. point out
Exercises
关于keep的短语
1.I think he kept away fromthemeeting on purpose.
我想他是故意避开这个会议的。
2. Keepoffthefloor. I have just finished scrubbingit.
我刚刚擦完地板,所以请不要踩它。
3.He has just begun a diary. I wonder how longhe will keep it up.
他刚刚开始记日记,我怀疑他能坚持多久。
4. Hekept on making thesame mistake.
他不断的犯相同的错误。
5. We keepTimout of theroombecauseBetty has measles.
我们不准Tim进入房间因为Betty患麻疹了。
6. Most people spend theirlivestrying tokeep up with their neighbours.
大多数人花毕生的时间和邻居们攀比。
7.Three childrenwere keptinafter school for being noisy in class.
放学后三个孩子被留下来因为上课的时候吵闹。
Choose the best answer.
1.Didhe light a cigarette?
他点着香烟了吗?这是个一般过去时疑问句,因为前面用助动词did提问,其谓语动词要用原型才符合语法要求。
Alit light的过去式和过去分词
B light
Clighted light的过去式和过去分词
D lighting light的现在分词
2.Hehad a badtemper. He was in a bad mood.
A spirit n 精神,不应该说成in badspirit, e而应该是in lowspirits(情绪低落)
Bmood n 情绪(inabad mood是惯用法,表示“情绪或心情不好”,相当于inabad temper.)
C feelingn 感觉不能和介词搭配
Ddisposition n性情,气质不能和介词搭配
3.They made no effort to hide theiramusement.Theydidn`t try to.
A didn`t try to 毫不努力,跟made no efforts 含义相同;
B didn`taffordto 买不起
C couldn`t afford to 买不起
Ddidn`t havea trial 没有试验,没做审判
4. She was so absorbed in herjobthat she didn`t hear anybodyknocking
at the door.
他如此专注于工作,以至于额米有听到有人在敲门。
Aattracted attractedone`s attention to sth 吸引或引起某人对某事的注意力
B absorbed be absorbed in sth 专注,专心于
C drawn draw one`s attention to sth吸引或引起某人对某事的注意力
D concentratedconcentrate on sth 专注于某事
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