煤层气国内外研究综述

煤层气研究现状
一、国外研究现状
(1) 宏观经济领域
Chakhmakhchev(2007)分析了世界煤层气发展的状况和问题，而Kurosawa (2007)分析了煤层气等非常规气体在全球长期能源供应中的作用。

Islam and Hayashi (2008)研究了孟加拉的煤层气资源潜力情况。

Beaton等(2006)对加拿大阿尔伯塔地区的煤层气资源状况和特征进行了研究。

就加拿大西部煤层气资源的就地压力和潜力，Bell (2006)进行了详细的分析。

另有研究指出，煤层气在加拿大正在迅速发展(Squarek and Dawson, 2006)。

有人研究了煤层气等在印度能源安全中的影响(Ghose and Paul, 2008)。

对于北美地区煤层气等非常规天然气的繁荣现象，有人研究了其在中国发生的可能性及原因(Xiong and Holditch, 2006)。

(2) 煤层气产业发展和工程技术领域
气体注入提高煤层气采收率的研究相对比较多。

Balan and Gumrah(2009)研究了不同物理性质和开发参数下的煤层气提高采收率问题，Sakurovs等人(2008)的研究了不同类型气体在高压时对煤炭的膨胀作用并提出提高煤层气采收率方法。

相当数量的研究成果集中在CO2在提高采收率方面上。

对煤层在注入CO2时的膨胀和渗透率反应就相应的研究(Mazumder and Wolf, 2008)。

有研究者对中国利用CO2提高煤层气采收率的状况进行了评述(Qin, 2008)，国外有人研究了CO2在提高煤层气采收率方面的作用(Bae et al., 2009; Mazumder et al., 2008; Mazzotti et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009)。

很多研究结合CO2地质封存展开。

在美国和澳大利亚，有研究针对结合CO2地质封存对煤层气产量提高的影响(Pone et al., 2009; Ross et al., 2009; van Bergen et al., 2009; Vidas et al., 2009)，而且提出了相关的针对不同煤层状况的数学模型(Karmis et al., 2008; Liu and Smirnov, 2008; Ozdemir, 2009; Seto et al., 2006; Van Sijl et al., 2007)。

对于CO2提高煤层气采收率和利用煤层对CO2进行封存之间的比较问题，也有具体的研究展开(Brown et al., 2007; Pan and Connell, 2009)。

也有研究是针对甲烷、CO2和氮气混合注入的影响(Katyal et al., 2007; Pini et al., 2010; Wei et al., 2010)，并且对高压下CO2和甲烷的选择性吸附特性进行了实验(Busch et al., 2006)。

(3) 煤层气开发生产领域的研究
还有很多研究针对煤层气具体生产中的各个方面展开。

有人(Clarkson, 2008; Cukrkson, 2009)研究了加拿大西部马蹄谷（The Horseshoe Canyon）沉积盆地煤层气生产过程中产量和压力的关系。

以比利时的一个盆地为例，Hildenbrand等人(2006)研究了煤层对煤层气的吸附作用与埋藏历史间的方程关系。

Palmer等人(2006)则分析了渗透率对产量预测的影响。

Barr(2009)对不同类型煤层气藏的钻井液使用问题进行了详细分析。

以澳大利亚的煤层气资源为例，Shedid and Rahman(2009)研究了净压力对储层孔隙度、渗透率和储藏质量的影响，同时，如何最大化澳大利亚煤层气产量问题也有所研究(Ham and Kantzas, 2008)，并且有煤层气藏中微生物活动的影响研究方面的述评(Faiz and Hendry, 2006)。

煤层气的发展对当地的包括水资源在内的很多环境要素都会产生影响，相当数量的研究关注了这些问题。

以印度一煤田为例，有些研究成果分析了煤层气发展对环境的影响作用(Verma et al., 2006)。

Myers(2009)研究了美国蒙大拿州煤层气生产过程中地下水的管理问题，Cheung等人(2009)对加拿大阿尔伯塔地区煤层气生产过程中浅层地下水的污染等问题进行探讨，另有研究基于煤层气生产对落基山分水岭地区水质影响的(Wang et al., 2007)。

有研究对利用天然沸石去处生产煤层气时抽取的水中的钠的可行性进行了详细分析(Huang and Natrajan, 2006)。

Bergquist等人(2007)分析了煤层气发展对怀俄明州当地植物物种分布的影
响。

DeGagne and Burke(2008) 分析了生产中的噪音控制问题。

(4) 煤层气技术经济评价方面的研究
对于提高煤层气采收率和CO2封存的潜力和经济表现评价问题，Gonzalez 等人(2009)进行了不同煤层品质、渗透率和注入及生产井的情况下的研究，有研究对常规化石能源开发和CO2封存加强煤层气采收率对环境的影响进行了评价(Khoo and Tan, 2006)。

Roadifer and Moore(2008, 2009)分析了煤层气评价过程中的导向计时、设计和分析等问题。

有研究针对不同的煤层气生产评价计算模型进行了比较(Mora and Wattenbarger, 2009)，也有研究者将净现值法应用到了煤层气经济价值的评价当中(Luo and Dai, 2009)。

Berbesi等(2009)研究了委内瑞拉煤炭中煤层气含量和在孤立显微组分中的富集程度的评价问题。

另有研究者通过产量数据分析和不同类型的生产曲线，预计煤层气的产能(Aminian and Ameri, 2009; Aminian et al., 2007; Clarkson et al., 2008)。

有人根据生产井产量下降状况来评价煤层气的储藏量(Rushing et al., 2008)，而Yang等人(2008)则提出了预测单井煤层气经济收益峰值的模型。

有研究者提出了用数值模拟方法预测加拿大部分地区煤层气产能(Gentzis and Bolen, 2008)，也有人提出了用录井资料估计煤层气含量的途径(Bhanja and Srivastava, 2008)，而地理统计方法也被用来估计煤层气储量(Sarkar et al., 2007)。

二、国内研究现状
多年来，煤层气作为社会效益、环境效益非常明显，但经济效益一般的非常规天然气资源。

我国石油、煤炭、地矿等企业和部门也紧随其后开始规模的勘探、试采和研究工作，也在一定程度上促进了煤层气产业在国内的发展和壮大。

国家从“八五”到“十一五”科技发展计划一直持续开展煤层气地质、开发技术以及产业经济领域国家科技攻关研究工作。

在煤层气产业经济和技术经济领域，在国家科技攻关、国家自然科学基金、中国石油集团科技攻关等专题研究支撑下，也有较好的研究工作。

(1) 煤层气宏观经济和产业支撑领域
我国煤层气资源工业化开发利用在近几年取得了实质性的进展，我国政府已经把煤层气的开发利用列入了《中国21世纪议程优先项目计划》。

目前，国内部分科研院所已经在煤层气地质、工程技术形成了自己专业特色，在煤层气产业经济领域也已经形成自身专业研究特色，目前形成成果系列代表性工作有中国矿业大学、中国石油大学（北京）、北京工业大学、中国科学院科技政策所以及中国石油集团相关研究部门，这些成果专业领域主要体现在煤层气产业发展战略、企业合作模式、产业经济发展模式以及与煤层气相关的政策法律体制等。

(2) 煤层气技术规范和项目经济评价
这方面的工作从20世纪90年代初期就已经开始，在多年的煤层气地质研究和开发实践工作过程中，技术规范和项目经济评价工作也在持续开展研究工作过程中，有些已经在中国石油科技攻关项目中有所体现。

比较有代表性工作有中国石油设立的《中石油煤层气勘探开发技术经济评价研究》（1993）、《晋城、大城、府谷-吴堡、吐哈煤层气选区经济评价》（1997）、《晋城煤层气开发经济评价和下游工程调研》（1998）、《沁水煤层气储量申报技术经济评价》（1999）。

在中国石油企业技术规范中，中国石油咨询中心、中国石油研究分院在煤层气技术规范方面开展了一系列工作，主要是煤层气三级储量和开发工艺方面，另外中国煤炭部门出版的《煤层气开发利用手册》（孙茂远主编1998年）、《矿井瓦斯技术手册》（2009年）、《中国煤层气资源》（叶建平等，）也有重要的参考价值。

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