水的粘度计算表
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40
313.16
0.6560
0.6560×10-3
水的物理性质
温度t/℃
饱和蒸气压p/kPa
密度ρ/kg·m-3
焓
H/kJ·kg-1
比定压热容cp/kJ·kg-1·K-1
导热系数λ/10-2W·m-1·K-1
粘度μ/10-5Pa·s
体积膨胀系数α/10-4K-1
表面张力σ/10-3N·m-1
普兰德数Pr
(at temperatures below33°C)
Viscous flow occurs by molecules moving through the voids that exist between them. As the pressure increases, the volume decreases and the volume of these voids reduces, so normally increasing pressure increases the viscosity.
290
7443.29
732.3
1289.95
5.485
55.82
9.42
26.2
17.2
0.93
300
8592.94
712.5
1344.80
5.736
53.96
9.12
29.2
14.7
0.97
310
9877.96
691.1
1402.16
6.071
52.34
8.83
32.9
12.3
1.02
320
11300.3
934.8
546.38
4.266
68.50
21.77
9.17
52.8
1.36
140
361.47
926.1
589.08
4.287
68.27
20.10
9.72
50.7
1.26
150
476.24
917.0
632.20
4.312
68.38
18.63
10.3
8
907.4
675.33
1.5188
1.5188×10-3
25
298.16
0.8937
0.8937×10-3
6
279.16
1.4728
1.4728×10-3
26
299.16
0.8737
0.8737×10-3
7
280.16
1.4284
1.4284×10-3
27
300.16
0.8545
0.8545×10-3
8
281.16
1.3860
0.86
260
4693.75
784.0
1135.04
4.949
60.84
10.59
19.7
24.2
0.87
270
5503.99
767.9
1185.28
5.070
59.96
10.20
21.6
21.9
0.88
280
6417.24
750.7
1236.28
5.229
57.45
9.81
23.7
19.5
0.89
1.3860×10-3
28
301.16
0.8360
0.8360×10-3
9
282.16
1.3462
1.3462×10-3
29
302.16
0.8180
0.8180×10-3
10
283.16
1.3077
1.3077×10-3
30
303.16
0.8007
0.8007×10-3
11
284.16
1.2713
1.2713×10-3
2
275.16
1.6728
1.6728×10-3
22
295.16
0.9579
0.9579×10-3
3
276.16
1.6191
1.6191×10-3
23
296.16
0.9358
0.9358×10-3
4
277.16
1.5674
1.5674×10-3
24
297.16
0.9142
0.9142×10-3
5
278.16
Self-diffusion is also affected by pressure where (at low temperatures) both the translational and rotational motion of water anomalously increase as the pressure increases.
9.504
43.03
7.26
66.8
3.89
1.60
360
18667.1
528.0
1761.39
13.984
39.54
6.67
109
2.06
2.36
370
21040.9
450.5
1892.43
40.319
33.73
5.69
264
0.48
6.80
F3Viscosity decreases with pressure
33.8
0.89
230
2798.59
827.3
990.18
4.681
63.73
11.97
15.9
31.6
0.88
240
3347.91
813.6
1037.49
4.756
62.80
11.47
16.8
29.1
0.87
250
3977.67
799.0
1085.64
4.844
61.76
10.98
18.1
26.7
5.11
66.2
2.98
70
31.164
977.8
292.99
4.178
66.76
40.61
5.70
64.3
2.54
80
47.379
971.8
334.94
4.195
67.45
35.65
6.32
62.6
2.22
90
70.136
965.3
376.98
4.208
67.98
31.65
6.95
60.7
1.96
34
307.16
0.7371
0.7371×10-3
15
288.16
1.1404
1.1404×10-3
35
308.16
0.7225
0.7225×10-3
16
289.16
1.1111
1.1111×10-3
36
309.16
0.7085
0.7085×10-3
17
290.16
1.0828
1.0828×10-3
Water's pressure-viscosity behavior [534] can be explained by the increased pressure (up to about 150 MPa) causing deformation, so reducing the strength of the hydrogen-bonded network, which is also partially responsible for the viscosity. This reduction in cohesivity more than compensates for the reduced void volume. It is thus a direct consequence of thebalancebetween hydrogen bonding effects and the van der Waals dispersion forces [558] in water; hydrogen bonding prevailing at lower temperatures and pressures. At higher pressures (and densities), thebalancebetween hydrogen bonding effects and the van der Waals dispersion forces is tipped in favor of the dispersion forces and the remaininghydrogen bondsare stronger due to the closer proximity of the contributing oxygen atoms [655]. Viscosity, then, increases with pressure. The dashed line (opposite) indicates the viscosity minima.
The variation of viscosity with pressure and temperature has been used as evidence that the viscosity is determined more by the extent of hydrogen bonding rather than hydrogen bonding strength.
14.42
12.6
40.8
0.96
200
1554.77
863.0
852.43
4.505
66.29
13.63
13.3
38.4
0.93
210
1917.72
852.8
897.65
4.555
65.48
13.04
14.1
36.1
0.91
220
2320.88
840.3
943.70
4.614
64.55
12.46
14.8
4.346
68.27
17.36
10.7
46.6
1.11
170
792.59
897.3
719.29
4.379
67.92
16.28
11.3
45.3
1.05
180
1003.5
886.9
763.25
4.417
67.45
15.30
11.9
42.3
1.00
190
1255.6
876.0
807.63
4.460
66.99
37
310.16
0.6947
0.6947×10-3
18
291.16
1.0559
1.0559×10-3
38
311.16
0.6814
0.6814×10-3
19
292.16
1.0299
1.0299×10-3
39
312.16
0.6685
0.6685×10-3
20
293.16
1.0050
1.0050×10-3
667.1
1462.03
6.573
50.59
8.53
38.2
10.0
1.11
330
12879.6
640.2
1526.19
7.243
48.73
8.14
43.3
7.82
1.22
340
14615.9
610.1
1594.75
8.164
45.71
7.75
53.4
5.78
1.38
350
16538.5
574.4
1671.37
0
0.6082
999.9
0
4.212
55.13
179.21
0.63
75.6
13.66
10
1.2262
999.7
42.04
4.197
57.45
130.77
0.70
74.1
9.52
20
2.3346
998.2
83.90
4.183
59.89
100.50
1.82
72.6
7.01
30
4.2474
995.7
125.69
水的黏度表(0～40℃)
温度T
粘度μ
Pa·s或N·s·m-2
温度T
粘度μ
Pa·s或N·s·m-2
℃
K
℃
K
0
273.16
1.7921
1.7921×10-3
20.2
293.36
1.0000
1.0000×10-3
1
274.16
1.7313
1.7313×10-3
21
294.16
0.9810
0.9810×10-3
31
304.16
0.7840
0.7840×10-3
12
285.16
1.2363
1.2363×10-3
32
305.16
0.7679
0.7679×10-3
13
286.16
1.2028
1.2028×10-3
33
306.16
0.7523
0.7523×10-3
14
287.16
1.1709
1.1709×10-3
100
101.33
958.4
419.10
4.220
68.04
28.38
7.52
58.8
1.76
110
143.31
951.0
461.34
4.238
68.27
25.89
8.08
56.9
1.61
120
198.64
943.1
503.67
4.250
68.50
23.73
8.64
54.8
1.47
130
270.25
4.174
61.76
80.07
3.21
71.2
5.42
40
7.3766
992.2
165.71
4.174
63.38
65.60
3.87
69.6
4.32
50
12.31
988.1
209.30
4.174
64.78
54.94
4.49
67.7
3.54
60
19.932
983.2
251.12
4.178
65.94
46.88
313.16
0.6560
0.6560×10-3
水的物理性质
温度t/℃
饱和蒸气压p/kPa
密度ρ/kg·m-3
焓
H/kJ·kg-1
比定压热容cp/kJ·kg-1·K-1
导热系数λ/10-2W·m-1·K-1
粘度μ/10-5Pa·s
体积膨胀系数α/10-4K-1
表面张力σ/10-3N·m-1
普兰德数Pr
(at temperatures below33°C)
Viscous flow occurs by molecules moving through the voids that exist between them. As the pressure increases, the volume decreases and the volume of these voids reduces, so normally increasing pressure increases the viscosity.
290
7443.29
732.3
1289.95
5.485
55.82
9.42
26.2
17.2
0.93
300
8592.94
712.5
1344.80
5.736
53.96
9.12
29.2
14.7
0.97
310
9877.96
691.1
1402.16
6.071
52.34
8.83
32.9
12.3
1.02
320
11300.3
934.8
546.38
4.266
68.50
21.77
9.17
52.8
1.36
140
361.47
926.1
589.08
4.287
68.27
20.10
9.72
50.7
1.26
150
476.24
917.0
632.20
4.312
68.38
18.63
10.3
8
907.4
675.33
1.5188
1.5188×10-3
25
298.16
0.8937
0.8937×10-3
6
279.16
1.4728
1.4728×10-3
26
299.16
0.8737
0.8737×10-3
7
280.16
1.4284
1.4284×10-3
27
300.16
0.8545
0.8545×10-3
8
281.16
1.3860
0.86
260
4693.75
784.0
1135.04
4.949
60.84
10.59
19.7
24.2
0.87
270
5503.99
767.9
1185.28
5.070
59.96
10.20
21.6
21.9
0.88
280
6417.24
750.7
1236.28
5.229
57.45
9.81
23.7
19.5
0.89
1.3860×10-3
28
301.16
0.8360
0.8360×10-3
9
282.16
1.3462
1.3462×10-3
29
302.16
0.8180
0.8180×10-3
10
283.16
1.3077
1.3077×10-3
30
303.16
0.8007
0.8007×10-3
11
284.16
1.2713
1.2713×10-3
2
275.16
1.6728
1.6728×10-3
22
295.16
0.9579
0.9579×10-3
3
276.16
1.6191
1.6191×10-3
23
296.16
0.9358
0.9358×10-3
4
277.16
1.5674
1.5674×10-3
24
297.16
0.9142
0.9142×10-3
5
278.16
Self-diffusion is also affected by pressure where (at low temperatures) both the translational and rotational motion of water anomalously increase as the pressure increases.
9.504
43.03
7.26
66.8
3.89
1.60
360
18667.1
528.0
1761.39
13.984
39.54
6.67
109
2.06
2.36
370
21040.9
450.5
1892.43
40.319
33.73
5.69
264
0.48
6.80
F3Viscosity decreases with pressure
33.8
0.89
230
2798.59
827.3
990.18
4.681
63.73
11.97
15.9
31.6
0.88
240
3347.91
813.6
1037.49
4.756
62.80
11.47
16.8
29.1
0.87
250
3977.67
799.0
1085.64
4.844
61.76
10.98
18.1
26.7
5.11
66.2
2.98
70
31.164
977.8
292.99
4.178
66.76
40.61
5.70
64.3
2.54
80
47.379
971.8
334.94
4.195
67.45
35.65
6.32
62.6
2.22
90
70.136
965.3
376.98
4.208
67.98
31.65
6.95
60.7
1.96
34
307.16
0.7371
0.7371×10-3
15
288.16
1.1404
1.1404×10-3
35
308.16
0.7225
0.7225×10-3
16
289.16
1.1111
1.1111×10-3
36
309.16
0.7085
0.7085×10-3
17
290.16
1.0828
1.0828×10-3
Water's pressure-viscosity behavior [534] can be explained by the increased pressure (up to about 150 MPa) causing deformation, so reducing the strength of the hydrogen-bonded network, which is also partially responsible for the viscosity. This reduction in cohesivity more than compensates for the reduced void volume. It is thus a direct consequence of thebalancebetween hydrogen bonding effects and the van der Waals dispersion forces [558] in water; hydrogen bonding prevailing at lower temperatures and pressures. At higher pressures (and densities), thebalancebetween hydrogen bonding effects and the van der Waals dispersion forces is tipped in favor of the dispersion forces and the remaininghydrogen bondsare stronger due to the closer proximity of the contributing oxygen atoms [655]. Viscosity, then, increases with pressure. The dashed line (opposite) indicates the viscosity minima.
The variation of viscosity with pressure and temperature has been used as evidence that the viscosity is determined more by the extent of hydrogen bonding rather than hydrogen bonding strength.
14.42
12.6
40.8
0.96
200
1554.77
863.0
852.43
4.505
66.29
13.63
13.3
38.4
0.93
210
1917.72
852.8
897.65
4.555
65.48
13.04
14.1
36.1
0.91
220
2320.88
840.3
943.70
4.614
64.55
12.46
14.8
4.346
68.27
17.36
10.7
46.6
1.11
170
792.59
897.3
719.29
4.379
67.92
16.28
11.3
45.3
1.05
180
1003.5
886.9
763.25
4.417
67.45
15.30
11.9
42.3
1.00
190
1255.6
876.0
807.63
4.460
66.99
37
310.16
0.6947
0.6947×10-3
18
291.16
1.0559
1.0559×10-3
38
311.16
0.6814
0.6814×10-3
19
292.16
1.0299
1.0299×10-3
39
312.16
0.6685
0.6685×10-3
20
293.16
1.0050
1.0050×10-3
667.1
1462.03
6.573
50.59
8.53
38.2
10.0
1.11
330
12879.6
640.2
1526.19
7.243
48.73
8.14
43.3
7.82
1.22
340
14615.9
610.1
1594.75
8.164
45.71
7.75
53.4
5.78
1.38
350
16538.5
574.4
1671.37
0
0.6082
999.9
0
4.212
55.13
179.21
0.63
75.6
13.66
10
1.2262
999.7
42.04
4.197
57.45
130.77
0.70
74.1
9.52
20
2.3346
998.2
83.90
4.183
59.89
100.50
1.82
72.6
7.01
30
4.2474
995.7
125.69
水的黏度表(0～40℃)
温度T
粘度μ
Pa·s或N·s·m-2
温度T
粘度μ
Pa·s或N·s·m-2
℃
K
℃
K
0
273.16
1.7921
1.7921×10-3
20.2
293.36
1.0000
1.0000×10-3
1
274.16
1.7313
1.7313×10-3
21
294.16
0.9810
0.9810×10-3
31
304.16
0.7840
0.7840×10-3
12
285.16
1.2363
1.2363×10-3
32
305.16
0.7679
0.7679×10-3
13
286.16
1.2028
1.2028×10-3
33
306.16
0.7523
0.7523×10-3
14
287.16
1.1709
1.1709×10-3
100
101.33
958.4
419.10
4.220
68.04
28.38
7.52
58.8
1.76
110
143.31
951.0
461.34
4.238
68.27
25.89
8.08
56.9
1.61
120
198.64
943.1
503.67
4.250
68.50
23.73
8.64
54.8
1.47
130
270.25
4.174
61.76
80.07
3.21
71.2
5.42
40
7.3766
992.2
165.71
4.174
63.38
65.60
3.87
69.6
4.32
50
12.31
988.1
209.30
4.174
64.78
54.94
4.49
67.7
3.54
60
19.932
983.2
251.12
4.178
65.94
46.88