英美文化概论第2讲

• 我们本人都直接代表美国以及美国作为自由、平等和机会之土地的希 望。
1.2Value Orientation
Value Frankness Individualism Collectivism Respect for the Old Youthfulness Efficiency and practicality Peace Patriotism Feminism Being grateful Primary Western Western Eastern Eastern Western Western Eastern Eastern Western Eastern Western Eastern Western Eastern Eastern Western Secondary Eastern Tertiary Eastern Western Western Negligible
Classification of Culture
• Material cultures（物质文化）: dress, architecture, language, food, sports and so on. • Social cultures ( 社会文化） : gestures, greetings, behaviors, customs. • Ideological cultures (意识形态文化） : value, idea, thinking.
• 2.2 Analytical thinking
• 2.3 linear thinking 直 线型 • 2.4 Cognitive thinking
Circutuitous thinking 绕 圈子 Moral thinking
2.1 Western: Abstract thinking China: imaginary thinking
Sense of time:
•• 空前绝后 “前不见古人，后不见 来者。 • 念天地之悠悠，独怆 然而涕下！“ • ---陈子昂《登幽州台 歌》
4) activity: Western: what you are doing China: being who you are
要求被调查者选出你心目中最令人满 意的员工： A．员工主动要求做某项新工作，并 且做好了。 B．员工主动要求做某项新工作，但 未能做好。 C．员工被动接受某项新工作，并且 做好了。 D．员工被动接受某项新工作，但未 能做好。
1.3 Source of Values
• The west • Religion, Greece culture, Renaissance
Remarks by Ambassador Gary Rocke at Residence Press Gathering (August 14.2011)
• On a personal level, I am both humbled and honored to stand here before you as a child of Chinese immigrants representing America, the land of my birth, and the American values my family holds dear.
2. Thinking Patterns
2.1 Comparision of Thinking Patterns
The west • 2.1 Abstract thinking China • thinking in images • (Chinese characters • Holistic thinking (整体 思维）
2.4 Western: cognitive thinking China: moral thinking
2.2 Thinking patterns reflected on translation Amway:安利
Hewlett-Packard: 休利特－帕卡德 /惠普
Sprite 雪碧
conclusion Culture is never static.
2.2 Western: analytic thinking China: holistic thinking 整 体思维 the way of medium (中庸）
2.3 lineal thinking 直线型思维 vs Circuitous thinking绕圈子型思维
• 体现在： • 篇章结构的安排 • 主题句的存在与否 • 句子的语义重心不同 • E.g.It’s a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. (from Pride and Prejudice)
• 在个人层面上，能作为中国移民的孩子代表美国– 我出生的土地， 以及我的家庭珍视的美国价值观，站在你们面前，我感到既谦卑又荣 幸。
•.
I can only imagine just how proud my dad, Jimmy, who passed away in January, would be for his son to be the first Chinese-American to represent the United States in the land of his and my mother’s birth. My parents, my wife, our children – we all personally represent America and America’s promise as a land of freedom, equality, and opportunity. And it is that enduring promise and those values that I will represent in my official capacity serving the President and the American people as the United States ambassador to China.
Human nature The West : evil 人之初，性本善
Sense of time:
• 1: Western: future orientation
• E.g. look forward to • Get ahead of
Sense of time
• 2. importance • Time is money. efficiency vs 慢工出细活 • 3. Punctuality (准时）
Ideological cultures
• •
1 Values 2 Thinking patterns
1. Values
• 1.1 Definition • 1.2 Value Orientation • 1.3 Source of Values
1.1Definition of values
• A tendency which shows people’s likes and dislikes • the basis of people’s idea and taking action • The values people hold can be found in their manners and speeches
(Source: Adapted from Sitaram, Founding of Intercultural Communication 19)
Comparison of Value Orientation (I)
The West • 1.Frankness: like to argue, directness China • Politeness : saving face; respect for personal dignity • Collectivism : harmony, compromise, sacrifice • Hierarchy (等级关系） • Being who you are
• 2.Individualism • 3. equality • what you are doing
individualism
Steve Jobs
董存瑞
Comparison of Value Orientation (II)
The West • 4.Changes • 5. Separation of heaven and human • Human control nature • 6 Humans are basically evil • Sin China • Settlement, enjoyment • Unity of heaven and human(天人合一） • in harmony with nature • Humans are basically good