传播学的社会功能(新闻英语课件)

Instruction
Teaching in the family, by expert example, and by apprenticeship
Entertainment
Ballad singers, Creative and performing dancers, storytellers, arts, entertainment group participation media
Editors, journalists and speakers are
correlators of the internal response.
Educators in family and school
transmit the social inheritance.
Added a fourth function to the Lasswell
When we try to understand what communication
does, we tend to shift back and forth between the individual and society like a zoom camera alternating between wide-angle and close-up picture.
T
What Communication Does?
Political system
Surveillance
(gathering intelligence)
Coordination
(interpretation of intelligence; making; disseminating; enforcing policy)
Summary: The Functions of
Communication for Humans
We move through life always in touch with
and touched by communication tephenson points out, is a form of play
Each of these functions has
an outward and an inward aspect, like all communication: One seeks or gives information, one receives and processes information. And therefore we might construct a sort of index to our map, like Table2
Social radar
Manipulation, decisionmanagement Instruction
Entertainment
Enjoy
The Aspects of Communication
It is likely that these function have changed
hardly at all since the birth of human society, although different institutions have come into use to do these jobs. Notable among them are enlarged and professionalized forms of government, formalized school systems, and the mass media. But the government is doing what government always has, the schools are socializing the young people as their parents and the skilled craftsmen used to, and the mass media are an extension of personal communication. Table 3 shows how the map changes.
Piaget, Tolman, and Stephenson were all writing as psychologists concerned primarily with individual functions of communication. When we turn to the wide-angle lens and look at what political scientists, sociologists, and economists have written about the functions of communication, we find somewhat more differentiated theories.
S
“Our communication behavior proves us to be really quite human.”
Thanks
Initiation into economic behavior
Social system Information on social norms,
roles, etc; acceptance or rejection of them
Coordination of public
Transmission of social norm and
Charles Wright
“Theories of Mass Communication”
By Melvin DeFleur
“ he means by which a group’s norms are expressed, by means of which social control is exerted, roles arБайду номын сангаас allocated, coordination of effort is carried on…Without such exchanges of influence human society would simply collapse.”
understanding and will; operation of social control
role prescription to new members of society
Entertainment (leisure activity, relief from
work and realistic problems, incidental learning, and socialization )
In media society
Personal contact, the news media
Management
Personal influence, leaders, institutions of government and law, opinion media Early socialization in family, educational system, instructional and reference media
Transmission of social heritage
Economic system Information on resources and
buying-selling opportunities
Interpretation of his
information; making of economic policy; operation and control of market
heritage from one generation to the next.
Diplomats, attaches, and foreign
correspondents are representatives of those who specialize in the environment.
Three Social Functions of Communication:
•
Surveillance of the environment • Correlation of the different
parts of society in responding to environment
• Transmission of the social
categories——Entertainment.
Called the second category,
coordination, “interpretation and prescription,”
Transmission of the social
heritage, by its sociological name ,“socialization”
Function
Outward aspect Inward aspect
Seek information, Receive inform information
Persuade, command Seek knowledge, teach Entertain Interpret, decide Learn
Communication function Social radar
In Oral society
Personal contact watchmen, town criers, travelers, meetings, bazaars, and so forth Personal influence, leaders, councils