辅助生殖医学词汇表

辅助生殖医学词汇表

Callie

Adhesion - Scar tissue from previous injuries, infections, or endometriosis that forms in and around reproductive organs, possibly interfering with reproductive capability. 粘连

Agglutination of Sperm - Sticking together of sperm, often due to infection, inflammation ,or antibodies, which impairs the ability to fertilize an egg.

精子凝集

AID (Artificial insemination donor) - procedure introducing sperm from an anonymous donor into the woman’s uterus in order to achieve a pregnancy.

供精人工授精

AIH(Artificial insemination hudband) - procedure introducing sperm from the husband into the wife’s uterus in order to achieve a pregnancy. Also called as IUI

夫精人工授精

Amenorrhea - Absence of menstruation.

闭经

Anovulation - Total absence of ovulation. Note: This is not necessarily the same as "amenorrhea." Menstruation may still occur with anovulation.

不排卵

Andrology – Science of diseases of males, including infertility, spermatogenesis and sexual dysfunction.

男科学

Antisperm Antibodies - Protective protein that exists naturally, or may develop, that causes clumping of sperm, thus preventing or inhibiting fertilization.

抗精子抗体

Aspermia - Absence of semen and sperm.

射精障碍

Assisted reproductive technology（ART）

辅助生殖技术

Assisted Hatching（AH）– Mechanical or chemical manipulation of the zona pellucida to facilitate implantation of the embryo

Asthenospermia - Condition in which the sperm do not swim (move) at all or swim more slowly than normal.

精子活力低下

Autologous cycle - an ART treatment cycle in which a woman intends to use, or uses her own oocytes or embryos. GIFT cycles are classified separately from autologous cycles.

自体移植周期

Azoospermia - Condition in which there are no sperm in the seminal fluid. This may be due to a blockage of transport of sperm or to an impairment of sperm production.

无精症

Basal Body Temperature (BBT) - Temperature of the woman, taken orally upon waking in the morning before any activity. Used to help determine if ovulation is occurring.

基础体温

Biochemical pregnancy (preclinical spontaneous abortion/miscarriage): a pregnancy diagnosed only by the detection of hCG in serum or urine and that does not develop into a clinical pregnancy.

生化妊娠

Blastocyst – The final stage of the embryo at the time of implantation. Now, many laboratories will offer culturing the embryo upto the blastocy st stage and transfer it in the uterus at this stage to improve pregnancy rates.

囊胚

Canceled cycle: an ART cycle in which ovarian stimulation or monitoring has been carried out with the intention to treat, but which did not proceed to follicular aspiration or, in the case of a thawed embryo, to embryo transfer.

取消周期

Cervical Mucus - Mucus produced by the cervix which permits passage of sperm to the uterus and fallopian tubes. This mucus changes in volume and quality at the time of ovulation.

宫颈粘液

Cervix - Lower section of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina, through which the sperm pass to reach the uterus.

子宫颈

Cleavage stage embryo - an embryo comprising about 8 cells usually developed by 2 or 3 days after fertilization

Clinical pregnancy: a pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasonographic visualization of one or more gestational sacs or de?nitive clinical signs of pregnancy. It includes ectopic pregnancy.

临床妊娠（率）Clinical pregnancy rate

Conception - Fertilization of a woman's egg by a man's sperm.

怀孕，妊娠

Congenital - Characteristic of defect present at birth, acquired during pregnancy but not necessarily hereditary.

先天的

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - Condition that one is born with due to the lack of an enzyme needed by the adrenal gland. Normal products of the adrenal gland, therefore, are not produced; the body tries to stimulate the gland, and it enlarges (hyperplasia).

先天肾上腺增生

Congenital anomalies: all structural, functional, and genetic anomalies diagnosed in aborted fetuses, at birth, or in the neonatal period.

先天异常

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation（COH） - medical treatment to induce the development of multiple ovarian follicles in order to obtain multiple oocytes at oocyte pick-up (OPU 取卵)

控制性超排卵 Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) 控制性促排卵

Cryopreservation – The preservaton of sperm or embryos by freezing, usually by immersion in liquid nitrogen

冷冻保存

Cryptorchidism - Occurs when a testes is not in its normal position in the scrotum. It may be in the groin or abdomen.

隐睾症

Delivery - a birth event in which one or more babies of 20 weeks or more gestation or of 400 grams or more birthweight are born.

分娩 Delivery rate 分娩率

DI (donor insemination) cycle: an artificial insemination cycle in which sperm not from the woman’s partner (donor sperm) is used.

供精周期

Discontinued cycle: an ART cycle that does not proceed to oocyte pick-up (OPU) or embryo transfer.

取消周期

Donation cycle: an ART treatment cycle where a woman intends to donate, or donates her oocytes to others. A donation cycle may result in the donation of either oocytes or embryos to a recipient woman. The use of donor sperm does not alter the donor status of the cycle.

捐赠周期（供卵周期或供精周期）

Dysmenorrhea - Cramping and pain during the time of menstruation.

痛经

Early neonatal death: death of a live born baby within 7 days of birth.

早期新生儿死亡

Ectopic Pregnancy – pregnancy in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tubes.

宫外孕

Egg (Oocyte) Donation - Surgical removal of an egg from one woman for fertilization with partner's or donor's sperm. The resulting embryo is then transferred into the fallopian tube or uterus of another woman.

卵子捐赠

Embryo - Term used to describe the early stages of fetal growth, from conception to the eighth week of pregnancy.

胚胎

Embryo/fetus reduction: a procedure to reduce the number of viable embryos or fetuses in a multiple pregnancy.

减胎术

Embryo transfer（ET）: a procedure whereby embryo(s) are placed in the uterus or fallopian tube. The embryo(s) can be fresh or thawed following cryopreservation, and may include the transfer of cleavage stage embryos or blastocysts.

胚胎移植

Embryo transfer cycle: an ART cycle in which one or more embryos are transferred into the uterus or fallopian tube.

胚胎移植周期

Endocrine System - System of glands including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals and testicles or ovaries.

内分泌系统

Endometriosis - Presence of endometrial tissue (the normal uterine lining) in abnormal locations such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries and peritoneal cavity, often causing painful menstruation and infertility.

子宫内膜异位

Ejaculate - Sperm combines with fluid from the seminal vesicle and a thick secretion from the prostate gland. This fluid is discharged through the penis.

射精

Endometrium - Lining of the uterus.

子宫内膜

Epididymis - Elongated organ in the male lying above and behind the testicles. It contains a highly convoluted canal, where after production, sperm are stored, nourished and developed for several months.

附睾

Estrogen - Class of female hormones, produced mainly by the ovaries from the onset of puberty until menopause, which are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts.

雌激素

Extremely low birth weight: birth weight less than 1,000 g.

极低体重儿

Extremely preterm birth: a live birth or stillbirth that takes place after 20 but before 28 completed weeks of gestational age.

极早产

Fallopian Tubes - Pair of narrow tubes that carry the ovum (egg) from the ovary to the uterus.

输卵管

Fetus: the product of fertilization from completion of embryonic development, at 8 completed weeks after fertilization, until abortion or birth.

胎儿

Fetal death (stillbirth): the birth of an infant after 20 or more weeks gestation or 400 grams or more birthweight that shows no signs of life.

死产

Fertilization - Penetration of the egg by the sperm and joining of genetic materials to result in the development of an embryo.

受精

Fresh cycle: an ART treatment cycle that intends to use, or uses embryo(s) that have not been cryopreserved (frozen).

新鲜周期

Frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle (FET): an ART procedure in which cycle monitoring is carried out with the intention of transfering frozen-thawed embryo(s). Note: An FET cycle is initi ated when speci?c medication is provided or cycle monitoring is started with the intention to treat.

冷冻胚胎移植周期（FET）

Frozen-thawed oocyte cycle: an ART procedure in which cycle monitoring is carried out with the intention of fertilizing thawed oocytes and performing embryo transfer.

冷冻卵子周期

Follicle - Structure in the ovary that nurtures the developing egg and from which the egg is released.

卵泡

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Hormone produced in the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the ovary to develop a follicle for ovulation in women, and stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles in men.

促卵泡素

Follicular Phase - First half of the menstrual cycle when ovarian follicle development takes place and the egg matures.

卵泡期

Full-term birth: a live birth or stillbirth that takes place between 37 and 42 completed weeks of gestational age.

足月顺产

Gamete - Male or female reproductive cells-the sperm or the egg.

配子

Gestational age: the completed weeks of gestation of the fetus.

胎龄

Gestational sac: a ?uid-?lled structure associated with early pregnancy, which may be located inside or outside the uterus (in case of an ectopic pregnancy).

孕囊

GIFT –Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer ( transferring of the egg and sperm in the normal fallopian tube to facilitate fertilization)

配子输卵管内转移：基本不做了

Gonads - Glands that make the gametes (the testicles in the male and the ovaries in the female).

性腺

Gonadotropin –a hormone which stimulates the gonads

促性腺激素

GnRH – gonadotropin releasing hormone, a hormone produced by the hypothalamus which stimulates the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH. They are two types of analogues of the hormone, agonist (one which acts like the hormone) and antagonist (one which blocks the effect of the hormone)

促性腺激素释放激素

Hatching: the process by which an embryo at the blastocyst stage separates from the zona pellucida.

孵化

Heterotopic pregnancy: a double gestation pregnancy in which implantation takes place both inside and outside the uterine cavity.

异位妊娠

High-ordermultiple: a pregnancy or delivery with three or more fetuses or neonates.

多胎

HMG – Human menopausal gonadotropin, used to stimulate the ovaries. It contains FSH and LH in equal parts

人绝经期促性腺激素

HCG – Human chorionc gonadotropin, a hormone normally produced by the placenta and its presence in blood or urine is used to detect pregnancy. It is also used to trigger final maturation of the egg

人绒毛膜促性腺激素

Hormone - Chemical produced by the endocrine gland that circulates in the blood and has widespread action throughout the body.

激素

Hypogonadism - Inadequate ovarian or testicular function as shown by low sperm production or lack of follicle production, as well as in low or absent levels of FSH, LH.

性腺机能减退

Hypothalamus - Gland at the base of the brain that controls the release of hormones from the pituitary.

丘脑下部

Hysteroscopy – an endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the uterus. The endoscope is a fibre optic telescope and can be used for diagnosis as well as for certain surgical procedures can also be carried out through the hysterocope.

宫腔镜检查

Idiopathic (Unexplained) Infertility - Term used to describe infertility when no reason can be found to explain the cause of a couple's infertility.

不明原因不孕不育

Implantation - Embedding of the fertilized egg in the lining of the uterus (endometrium).

种植 Implantation rate 种植率

Impotence - Inability of the male to achieve or maintain an erection for intercourse due to physical or emotional problems or to a combination of factors.

阳萎

IUI – Intra Uterine Insemination ( transfer of washed and enriched sperm directly in the cavity of the uterus)

宫腔内人工授精

ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection): a procedure whereby a single sperm is injected directly into the oocyte to aid fertilisation. If an embryo transfer cycle involves the transfer of at least one embryo created using ICSI, it is counted as an ICSI cycle.

卵胞浆内单精子注射

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) –a process where fertilization of the sperm and the egg occurs outside the body, (in a laboratory). The resulting embryo is implanted in the woman’s uterus.

体外受精

Induced abortion

人工流产

Infertility (clinical de?nition): a disease of the reproductive sys tem de?ned by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.

不孕不育

Initiated cycle: an ART cycle in which the woman receives spe ci?c medication for ovarian stimulation, or monitoring in the case of natural cycles, with the intention to treat, irrespective of whether or not follicular aspiration is attempted.

启动周期

Laparoscopy – an abdominal surgical procedure using an endoscopic (fibre optic telescope) equipment to visualize the interior of the abdomen, mainly the uterus, fallopian tubes ovaries and other organs. The laparoscope may also be used

to perform surgical procedures, with the use of other specialized equipment.

腹腔镜检查

Live birth

活产 Live birth rate 活产率

Live delivery: a live delivery is the delivery of one or more liveborn infants, with the birth of twins, triplets or more counted as one live delivery.

活胎分娩

Low birth weight: a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams.

低出生体重

LH –Luteinizing hormone, produced and released by the pituitary gland, and is responsible for the maturation and release of the egg in female and testosterone production in the male.

黄体生成素（促黄体素）

Luteal Phase - Days of the menstrual cycle after ovulation and ending with menses during which progesterone is produced.

黄体期

Luteinized Unruptured Follicle (LUF) Syndrome - Clinical indications that ovulation has occurred (blood hormonal changes, temperature rise on the BBT chart, appropriate secreting endometrium found on endometrial biopsy) but the egg is not released from the ovary; the follicular sac is unruptured and the egg is trapped.

黄素化综合症

Menstruation - Shedding of the uterine lining by bleeding that, in the absence of pregnancy, normally occurs about once a month in the mature female.

月经

MESA –Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration

显微附睾精子穿刺

MESE: microsurgical epididymal sperm extraction.

显微附睾取精术

Micromanipulation: a technology that allows micro-operative procedures to be performed on the spermatozoon, oocyte, zygote, or embryo.

显微操作

MicroTESE: Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction.

显微睾丸取精术

Missed abortion: a clinical abortion where the embryo(s) or fetus(es) is/are nonviable and is/are not expelled spontaneously from the uterus.

稽留流产

Multiple gestation/birth: a pregnancy/delivery with more than one fetus/neonate.

多胎分娩

Myomectomy - Surgical removal of a tumor (myoma) in the uterine muscular wall.

子宫肌瘤切除术

Natural cycle IVF: an IVF procedure in which one or more oocytes are collected from the ovaries during a spontaneous menstrual cycle without any drug use.

自然周期IVF

Necrospermia - Condition in which sperm are produced and found in the semen but are not alive and are unable to fertilize eggs.

死精症

Neonatal period: the time interval that commences at birth and ends 28 completed days after birth.

新生儿期

Oligo-ovulation - Infrequent ovulation, usually less than six ovulatory cycles per year.

排卵少

Oligospermia - Abnormally low number of sperm in the ejaculate of the male.

少精症

Oocyte (egg): a female reproductive cell.

卵子，卵母细胞

OPU (oocyte pick-up): the procedure to collect oocytes from ovaries, usually by ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration and rarely by laparoscopic surgery.

取卵术

Ovarian Failure （OF）- Inability of the ovary to respond to any gonodotropic hormone stimulation, usually due to menopause.

卵巢早衰

OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome): the complication of ovulation stimulation therapy, which involves the administration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). OHSS symptoms include abdominal pain and fluid retention.

卵巢过度刺激综合症

Ovaries - Sexual glands of the female that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and in which the ova are developed. There are two ovaries, one on each side of the pelvis.

卵巢

Ovarian torsion: partial or complete rotation of the ovarian vascular pedicle that causes obstruct ion to ovarian blood ?ow, poten tially leading to necrosis of ovarian tissue.

卵巢扭转

Ovulation - Discharge of a mature egg, usually at about the midpoint of the menstrual cycle.

排卵

Ovulation induction (OI): pharmacologic treatment of women with anovulation or oligo-ovulation with the intention of inducing normal ovulatory cycles.

促排卵

Ovulatory Dysfunction - Problem existing in the ovary-either the egg is not released from the ovarian follicle or the process of egg development is abnormal.

排卵功能障碍

Parity: a classification of a woman in terms of the number of previous pregnancies experienced that reached 20 weeks or more gestation.

产次

Parous: refers to a woman who has had at least one previous pregnancy of 20 weeks

or more gestation.

Perinatal death: a fetal death (stillbirth) or neonatal death of at least 20 weeks gestation or at least 400 grams birthweight.

围产儿死亡

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - Inflammatory disease of the pelvis, often caused by infection or endometriosis.

盆腔炎

PESA – Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration

经皮附睾精子穿刺

Pituitary - Gland located at the base of the human brain that secretes a number of important hormones related to normal growth development and fertility.

脑垂体

Polycystic Ovarian (PCO) Syndrome - Development of multiple cysts in the ovaries due to arrested follicle growth. This is caused by an imbalance in the amount of LH and FSH released during the ovulatory cycle.

多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）

Postcoital Testing (PCT) - Diagnostic test for infertility in which vaginal and cervical secretions are obtained at the time of suspected ovulation and following intercourse. These secretions are analyzed under a microscope. Normal test results should show large numbers of live, motile sperm and a characteristic "ferning" pattern of cervical mucus.

性交后试验

PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis): a procedure where embryonic cells are removed and screened for chromosomal disorders or genetic diseases before embryo transfer.

胚胎植入前遗传学诊断

PGS (preimplantation genetic screening): analysis of polar bodies, blastomeres, or trophectodermfromoocytes, zygotes, or embryos for the detection of aneuploidy, mutation, and/or DNA rearrangement.

胚胎植入前遗传学筛查

Preterm: a gestation of less than 37 weeks.

早产

Primary Infertility - Inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse (after 6 months if the woman is over age 35) for a couple who has never had a baby.

Progesterone - Hormone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary after ovulation has occurred. It is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. Also maintains the placenta during early pregnancy to prevent the embryo from miscarriage.

孕酮

Prostate - Gland in the male that surrounds the first portion of the urethra near the bladder. It secretes a liquid that balances acid in the urethra and stimulates movement of the sperm.

前列腺

Recipient cycle: an ART treatment cycle in which a woman receives oocytes or embryos from another woman.

受赠周期

Recurrent spontaneous abortion/miscarriage: the spontaneous loss of two or more clinical pregnancies.

反复流产

Retrograde Ejaculation - Discharge of sperm backward into the bladder rather than forward through the penis.

逆行射精

Retroverted Uterus - Uterus that is flexed severely forward or backward.

子宫后倾

Salpingolysis - Surgery to remove adhesions on the fallopian tubes.

输卵管粘连分离术

Salpingoplasty - Surgery to correct blocked fallopian tubes.

输卵管复通术

Scrotum - Bag of skin and thin muscle that holds the testicles.

阴囊

Secondary Infertility - Inability to conceive after 6 months of regular unprotected intercourse, or carry a pregnancy when at least one partner has successfully conceived or carried one or more pregnancies.

继发性不孕

Secondary sex ratio: the number of male liveborn babies per 100 female liveborn babies.

Semen Analysis - Study of fresh ejaculate under the microscope to count the number of million sperm per milliliter or cubic centimeter, to check the shape and size of the sperm (morphology), and to note their ability to move (motility).

精液分析

Semen - Composed of elements formed by the testes (sperm) and the male accessory glands (prostate and seminal vesicle). Only a small part of the visible ejaculate (semen) comes from the testicle.

精液

Seminal Vesicle - Pair of pouch like glands around the prostate in the male that produce a thick alkaline secretion that is added to sperm during ejaculation.

精囊腺

Seminiferous Tubules - Long tubes in the testicles in which sperm are formed.

曲细精管

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) - Any infection pertaining to or transmitted by sexual intercourse. The most common STDs are gonorrhea, herpes and AIDS. Some STDs are readily treatable if medical help is sought early. Certain STDs can cause infertility in both men and women if untreated.

性病

Sperm (Spermatozoa) - Male reproductive cells that have measurable characteristics such as:

?Motility - Refers to the percentage of sperm demonstrating any type of forward movement.

?Count (or Density) - Refers to the number of sperm present.

?Morphology - Refers to the form or shape of the sperm.

?Viability - Refers to whether the sperm are alive.

精子

Sperm Antibodies - Presence of sperm antibodies in the woman or man that tend to destroy sperm action by immobilizing the sperm or making them clump together.

精子抗体

Sperm Washing - Technique that separates the sperm from the seminal fluid.

精子洗涤

Spermatogenesis - Production of sperm within the seminiferous tubules.

精子发生

Spinnbarkeit - Stretch ability of cervical mucus. This is a rough measure of how easily sperm cells can enter and penetrate the cervical secretions.

粘液成丝现象

Split Ejaculate - Method of collecting a semen specimen so that the first half of the ejaculate is caught in one container and the rest in a second container. The first half usually contains the majority of the sperm and is then used to inseminate the woman.

分程射精

Spontaneous abortion/miscarriage: the spontaneous loss of a clinical pregnancy before 20 completed weeks of gestational age (18 weeks after fertilization) or, if gestational age is unknown, the loss of an embryo/fetus of less than 400 g.

自然流产

Surrogate Mother - Woman who becomes pregnant through insemination with the sperm of the male partner of an infertile woman and then, following pregnancy and birth, turns the child over for adoption by the couple.

代孕妈妈

Thaw cycle: an ART treatment cycle in which cryopreserved embryos are thawed with theintention of performing embryo transfer.

解冻周期

Thawed embryo: an embryo thawed after cryopreservation. It is used in thaw cycles.

解冻的胚胎（冻胚）

Testes - Male sexual glands of which there are two. Contained in the scrotum, they produce the male hormone testosterone and produce the male reproductive cells, the sperm.

睾丸

Testicular Biopsy - Small surgical excision of testicular tissue to determine the ability of the cells to produce normal sperm or to diagnose possible neoplasm.

睾丸活检

Testicular Failure - Occurs when the testes do not produce a normal number of mature sperm and when the hormones needed for normal sperm production (LH, FSH) are abnormally elevated.

睾丸衰竭

Testosterone - Most potent male sex hormone, which is produced in the testicles.

睾酮

TESA –Testicular Sperm Aspiration

睾丸精子抽吸术（睾丸穿刺）

TESE –Testicular Sperm Extraction

睾丸精子提取

Thyroid Gland - Gland located at the front base of the neck that secretes the thyroid hormone, found to be necessary for normal fertility.

甲状腺

Tubal Patency - Unobstructed and open fallopian tubes.

输卵管通畅

Uterus - Hollow muscular organ in the woman that holds and nourishes the fetus until the time of birth.

子宫

Vagina - Muscular opening in the woman extending from the vulva to the cervix of the uterus.

阴道

Vaginismus - Spasm of the muscles around the opening of the vagina, making penetration during sexual intercourse either impossible or very painful. Can be caused by physical or psychological conditions.

阴道痉挛

Varicocele - Collection of varicose veins in the scrotum. Blood flows in an abnormal direction in these veins toward the testicle rather than the normal direction which is always toward the heart. Elevated scrotal heat results.

精索静脉曲张

Vas Deferens - Pair of thick-walled tubes about 45 cm long in the male that lead from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct in the prostate.

输精管

Vasectomy - Surgery to excise part of the vas deferens to sterilize a man.

输精管切除术

Viscosity - Thickness of semen.

粘性

Vitrification: an ultra-rapid cryopreservation method that prevents ice formation within the suspension which is converted to a glass-like solid.

玻璃化冷冻

Vulva - External genitalia of the female.

外阴

ZIFT –Zygote Intra fallopian Transfer ( transfer of the fertilized ovum or zygote in a normal fallopian tube)

合子输卵管内转移：现在很少用

Zona Pellucida - Outer covering of the egg/embryo.

透明带

Zygote - Egg that has been fertilized but has not yet divided.

受精卵，合子

精子sperm：

密度density 或concentration

活力vitality

活率motility rate

形态morphology

顶体acrosome

顶体酶Acrosin

卵子oocyte:

GV期，MI期，MII期（成熟卵母细胞）

胚胎Embryo：

早期胚胎 early embryo 卵裂期胚胎 cleavage embryo 桑椹胚morula

囊胚（blastula、Blastocyst）早期囊胚 early blastocyst EB

扩张囊胚expanded blastocyst ExpB 孵化囊胚Hatched blastocyst (HB) Full HB(FHB)