宫颈癌.

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2、宫颈原位癌(carcinoma in situ)
CIS:指宫颈上皮细胞发生癌变,但基底层 未穿透,间质无浸润,也称为上皮内癌 ( Broders 首先提出,1932)。
3、宫颈浸润癌(invasive carcinoma
of cervix)
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈癌形成
The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
子宫颈癌
(cervical cancer)
妇 科
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病因学
二、病因学
1. 病毒感染—HPV (human papilloma virus,HPV)
2. 性行为 3. 分娩因素
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概述 发病与经济发展有关,但不是唯一因 素
对性行为持保守态度的国家发病率均 较低,如西班牙、以色列、爱尔兰和 科威特。(Muir 1987)。
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
宫颈癌发展过程示意图
鳞状上皮增生
鳞状上皮化生 原位癌
非典型增生 轻、中度
非典型增生 重度
镜下早期 浸润癌
浸润癌
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
低危型:HPV-6、11、42、
43、44 没有 HPV 就没有宫颈癌!
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病因学
2、性行为:早婚(18岁以前)
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病因学
3、分娩因素:多孕 多产 密产 宫颈裂伤
分娩1-3次患病率最低(110.38/10万) 分娩7次以上明显增高(377.52/10万)
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈癌形成
(二)宫颈癌形成过程
1、不典型增生(cervical dysplasia ):
细胞分化不良,排列紊乱 核深染,核异型,核分裂相
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
概述
世界范围内:50万/年新发病例(2000年) 80%在发展中国家
我国约占世界新病例数的30%
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈上皮生理
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈上皮生理
两位英年早逝的明星
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
概述
一、概 述
最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤
仅次于乳腺癌。 居妇科恶性肿瘤死亡率第 二位 发展中国家由于缺乏合适 的筛查方法,宫颈癌发病 率位于第一位
性生活过早(16岁以前) 性生活紊乱 初婚年龄在18岁以下者,比25岁以上患病率高13.3倍。
• Many sexual partners. The greater the number of sexual partners you have had — and the number of partners that your partners have had — the greater the chance of acquiring HPV. • Early sexual activity. Having first sexual intercourse before age 18 increases the risk of HPV. Immature cells seem to be more susceptible to the precancerous changes which caused by HPV
概述
我国宫颈癌主要分布在中部地区,有聚集 现象
农村高于城市,山区高于平原 近40年来国内外都已普遍开展宫颈脱落细 胞学筛查,宫颈癌的发病率明显下降,死 亡率也随之不断下降 近年来性传播疾病使其增加 是迄今唯一病因明确,且可以通过预防消 除的癌症
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E2 E2
柱状上皮外移至宫颈阴道部 柱状上皮又退缩至颈管内部
随E2变化而移动的鳞柱交接部称为生理性鳞柱交接部 原始鳞—柱交接部 生理性鳞—柱交接部
移行带区(transformation zone) (宫颈癌好发部位)
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈上皮生理
重度不典型增生+原位癌
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
CIN
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病因学
1、HPV感染与宫颈癌
百度文库
Various strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer
病理
四、病

1、鳞状细胞癌:占80%-85%
2、腺癌:约占15%
① 粘液腺癌
② 宫颈恶性腺瘤 ③ 鳞腺癌
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病理 (一). CIN (二). 宫颈原位癌: 又称上皮内癌;上皮 全层极性消失,细胞显著 异型,但病变局限于上皮
层内,基底膜完整。
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病理 (三).宫颈浸润癌: 1、鳞状细胞癌:占80~85% 【巨检(大体观)】 1)外生型
最常见,病灶向外生长 如菜花称菜花型。组织 脆,初起为息肉样或乳 头状隆起发展→向阴道 内突出菜花状赘生物, 触之易出血。
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轻度(I级)mild (grade I) 病变局限在上皮层下1/3; 中度(II级)moderate (grade II) 病变局限在上皮层下2/3;
重度(III级)severe (grade III) 病变几乎累及全部上皮层(上1/3)
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈癌形成
CIN
关于宫颈上皮内瘤变
cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia 包括所有癌前病变和原位癌 CIN I 级:mild dysplasia 轻度不典型增生 CIN II级:moderate dysplasia 中度不典型增生
CIN III级:severe dysplasia+ carcinoma in situ
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病因学
HPV的结构和分型 高危型:HPV-16、18、
31、33、35、39、45、 51、52、56、58、59、 68
1、鳞状上皮化生(Squamous metaplasia)
当鳞柱交界位于宫颈阴道部时,暴露于阴道的柱状上 皮受阴道酸性影响,移行带区柱状上皮下未分化储备 细胞开始增生,并逐渐转化为鳞状上皮,继之柱状上 皮脱落,而被复层鳞状上皮所替代。
它既不同于正常宫颈阴道部的鳞状上皮,又不 同于非典型增生(更不能认为它是癌)。
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈上皮生理
2、鳞状上皮化(Squamous epithelazation)
宫颈阴道部鳞状上皮直接长入柱状上皮与 基底层之间,直至柱状上皮完全脱落而被鳞 状上皮替代。多见于宫颈糜烂愈合过程。
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
病因学 男性性行为及有关因素: 宫颈癌患者配偶的性伴侣数远多于对照组, 且多有性病史 高危男子:阴茎癌 前列腺癌 前妻曾患有宫颈癌 配偶阴痉癌其妻子较其他妇女宫颈癌的危 险性高3-6倍
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college 宫颈上皮生理
三、宫颈癌演变过程
(一).宫颈上皮生理:
宫颈管部被覆柱状上皮
宫颈阴道部被覆鳞状上皮
原始鳞—柱交接部
世界每年约20余万妇女死于宫颈癌 美国发病 1.1万/2004年 我国 13.15 万/1年
美国死亡 0.39万/2004年
我国死亡 5.3万/1年
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The department of G & O of the 1st affiliated hospital, ZunYi medical college
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