自移式液压支架结构设计

自移式液压支架结构设计

摘要

矿井液压支架的应用对增加采煤工作面产量、提高劳动生产率、降低陈本、减轻工人的体力劳动和保证生产是不可缺少的有效措施，因此液压支架的设计师技术上先进、经济上合理、安全上可靠、是实现采煤综合机械化和自动化的主要体现。

采煤综合机械化，是加速我国煤炭工业发展，大幅度提高劳动生产率，实现煤炭工业现代化的一项战略措施。综合机械化不仅产量大、效率高，成本低，而且能减轻笨重的体力劳动，改善作业环境，是煤炭工业技术的发展方向。液压支架是综合机械化采煤方法中最重要的设备之一。液压支架主要由以下几个基本部分组成：顶梁，掩护梁和四连杆机构，侧护板，底座，立柱，千斤顶。设计要遵从从支柱性能好、强度高、移架速度快安全可靠等原则。支架采用四连杆机构，改善支架的受力状况，缩小支架升降过程中的顶梁前段前后移动的距离立柱采用双伸缩液压缸，以满足支架最低及最高位置时的高度要求。

液压系统自世纪问世以来发展很快，在工作中的广泛适应性，使其在国民经济各部门获得了广泛的应用。由于液压缸在结构方面，功能方面，已经比较成熟，目前国内外液压缸的发展不仅体现在控制系统方面，也主要表现在高速化、高效化、低能耗；机电液一体化，以充分合理利用机械和电子的先进技术促进整个液压系统的完善；自动化、智能化，实现对系统的自动诊断和调整，具有故障预处理功能；液压元件集成化、标准化，以有效防止泄露和污染等四个方面。作为液压缸两大组成部分的控制元件和执行元件，由于技术发展趋于成熟，国无较大差距，主要差别在于加工工艺和安装方面。良好的工艺使液压缸在过滤、冷却及防止冲击和振动方面，有较明显改善。在油路结构设计方面，国内外液压缸都趋向于集成化、封闭式设计，插装阀、叠加阀和复合化元件及其本身在液压系统中得到较广泛的应用作为现代机械设备实现传动与控制的重要技术手段，液压技术在国民经济各领域得到了广泛的应用。与其他传动控制技术相比，液压技术具有能量密度高﹑配置灵活方便﹑调速范围大﹑工作平稳且快速性好﹑易于控制并过载保护﹑易于实现自动化和机电体化整合﹑系统设计制造和使用维护方便等多种显著的技术优势，因而使其成为现代机械工程的基本技术构成和现代控制工程的基本技术要素。智能自移式液压支架是加工各种矿山开采的主要设备，适用于各类矿山开采厂的矿山开采的加工，如下料、开孔、开槽、拉伸等。本文根据智能自移式液压支架的用途﹑特点和要求，利用液压传动的基本原理，拟定出合理的液压系统图，再经过必要的计算来确定液压系统的参数，然后按照这些参数来选用液压元件的规格和进行系统的结构设计。智能自移式液压支架的液压系统呈长方形布置，外形新颖美观，动力系统采用液压系统，结构简单、紧凑、动作灵敏可靠。该机并设有脚踏开关，可实现半自动工艺动作的循环。液压传动和气压传动称为流体传动，是根据17世纪帕斯卡提出的液体静压力传动原理而发展起体传动技术水平的高低已成为一个国家工业发展水平的重要标志。

本文运用大学所学的知识，提出了自移式液压支架的结构组成、工作原理以及主要零

部件的设计中所必须的理论计算和相关强度校验，构建了自移式液压支架结构总的指导思

想，从而得出了该自移式液压支架的优点是高效，经济，并且安全系数高，运行平稳的结

论。

关键词：液压支架采煤方法液压技术标志

absraote

With development of all kind of science technology and global economy, Pneumatic manipulator is a automated 16 devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety.

Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.The pneumatic part of the design is primarily to choose the right valves and design a reasonable pneumatic control loop, by controlling and regulating pressure, flow atcompressedneceengththdirectionprocedurework.

The inverted pendulum is a typical high order system, with multi variable, non-linear, stro ng-coupling, fleet and absolutely instable. It is representative as an ideal model to prove new con trol theory and techniques. During the control process, pendulum can effectively reflect many ke y problems such as equanimity, robust, follow-up and track, therefore.This paper studies a contro l method of double inverted pendulum . First of all, the mathematical model of the double inverte d pendulum is established, then make a control design to double inverted pendulum on the mathe matical model, and determine the system performance index weightmatrix , by using genetic alg orithm in order to attain the system state feedback control matrix. Finally, the simulation of the s ystem is made by . Pneumatic manipulator is a automated devices that can mimic the human hand and arm movements to do something，aslo can according to a fixed procedure to moving objects or control tools. It can replace the heavy labor in order to achieve the production mechanization and automation, and can work in dangerous working environments to protect the personal safety, Therefore widely used in machine building, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy sectors.

This article is mainly of the pneumatic manipulator the overall design, and pneumatic design. This mechanism of manipulator includes cylinders and claws and connectors parts, it can move according to the due track on the movement of grabbing, carrying and unloading. The pneumatic part of the design is primarily to choose the right valves and design a reasonable pneumatic control loop, by controlling and regulating pressure, flow and direction of the compressed air to make it get the necessary strength, speed and changed the direction of movement in the prescribed procedure work.

Key word:pneumatic manipulator cylinder pneumatic loop Four degrees of freedom