定语从句的翻译ppt课件
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高一英语定语从句精品课件ppt.ppt
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不 可省略;作宾语可以省略。
( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常 见。）
1) His father works in a factory that /which makes TV sets.
2)The film that/ which we saw last night was very wonderful.
afternoon. 2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that. ▪ Here is something( that) I will tell you. ▪ Not all that glitters is gold. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 ▪ I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.
先行词 关系词
从句
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,
同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
❖ 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在
定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后， 而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。
He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday. 4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book . Its cover is red.
英语知识-定语从句的翻译PPT
• Translation skills for related pronouns guiding related clion strategies for related advertisements guiding related claims
• Analysis of Translation Examples of Complex Structure Attributive Clause
Translation of English
Knowledge Attributive Clause
目录
• Basic concepts and structures of relevant clauses
• Classification and characteristics of relevant clauses
noun or pronoun it modifications
Structure
Typical, a restrictive attribute clause follows the noun or pronoun it modifications and is not set off by commas It usually begins with a relative
Use of relative proofs/advertisements: Both types of classes can begin with relative proofs or advertisements, but their functions differ In restrictive clauses, these words introduce essential information, while in non restrictive clauses, they introduce non essential information
• Analysis of Translation Examples of Complex Structure Attributive Clause
Translation of English
Knowledge Attributive Clause
目录
• Basic concepts and structures of relevant clauses
• Classification and characteristics of relevant clauses
noun or pronoun it modifications
Structure
Typical, a restrictive attribute clause follows the noun or pronoun it modifications and is not set off by commas It usually begins with a relative
Use of relative proofs/advertisements: Both types of classes can begin with relative proofs or advertisements, but their functions differ In restrictive clauses, these words introduce essential information, while in non restrictive clauses, they introduce non essential information
商务英语定语从句翻译公开课获奖课件百校联赛一等奖课件
一方承担经济责任
二、译成联合复句 商贸英语旳定语从句可翻译成汉语旳联 合复句, 如并列复句和讲解复句。
1. 并列复句
译成汉语时, 汉语中旳并列复句经常使用 几种分句说出有关旳几件事, 或者说出同
一事物旳几种方面。后一分句中涉及或暗 含前一分句中已出现过旳某一名词旳并列 复句。
The owners elect a board of directors,whose members will select individuals to serve as corporate managers.
商贸英语中经常会有这么一类定语从句, 它 们对先行词旳限制修饰作用较弱, 在乎义上 与主句有状语关系, 阐明原因、成果、时间 、条件、让步、目旳等关系。翻译此类定语 从句时, 要仔细分析主从句之间旳逻辑关系, 要善于发觉寓于语意上、逻辑上旳内在联络 , 化隐为显, 把具有多种状语职能旳定语从句 转译成汉语中多种相应旳偏正复句。
1. 译成表达“原因”旳分句 英语旳定语从句假如在乎义上具有阐明主句 原因旳含义,在翻译时能够加上汉语表达原因 关系旳词语, 如" 因为" 等词, 并译成汉语表达 原因”旳分句
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships, which require assistance of tugboats.
复指成份用两个或两个以上旳词或短语指同一事物，作同一种句子成份
The project has proceeded quite smoothly, which shows the correctness and objectivity of the feasibility study report.
二、译成联合复句 商贸英语旳定语从句可翻译成汉语旳联 合复句, 如并列复句和讲解复句。
1. 并列复句
译成汉语时, 汉语中旳并列复句经常使用 几种分句说出有关旳几件事, 或者说出同
一事物旳几种方面。后一分句中涉及或暗 含前一分句中已出现过旳某一名词旳并列 复句。
The owners elect a board of directors,whose members will select individuals to serve as corporate managers.
商贸英语中经常会有这么一类定语从句, 它 们对先行词旳限制修饰作用较弱, 在乎义上 与主句有状语关系, 阐明原因、成果、时间 、条件、让步、目旳等关系。翻译此类定语 从句时, 要仔细分析主从句之间旳逻辑关系, 要善于发觉寓于语意上、逻辑上旳内在联络 , 化隐为显, 把具有多种状语职能旳定语从句 转译成汉语中多种相应旳偏正复句。
1. 译成表达“原因”旳分句 英语旳定语从句假如在乎义上具有阐明主句 原因旳含义,在翻译时能够加上汉语表达原因 关系旳词语, 如" 因为" 等词, 并译成汉语表达 原因”旳分句
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships, which require assistance of tugboats.
复指成份用两个或两个以上旳词或短语指同一事物，作同一种句子成份
The project has proceeded quite smoothly, which shows the correctness and objectivity of the feasibility study report.
初中定语从句ppt课件精心完全版
I was born there. I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.
why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason. That is the reason why I’m late. I know the reason why he said it.
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is a machine that /which can fly.
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences:
祈使句+and/then 祈使句&#计图配 置好PP管及配 件，用 管件在 管材垂 直角切 断管材 ，边剪 边旋转 ，以保 证切口 面的圆 度，保 持熔接 部位干 净无污 物
复合句类型 三要素
考点
宾
语序
宾语从句是 ___陈__述______ 语序。
This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star who / that is very popular in China. (作主语)
which / who/ whom/ that 作宾语 ： （可省略） This is the card.
语
1. 主现从实
时态 2. 主过从过
从
3. 事实真理
句
1. that 可省略
连词 2. if / whether
3. 特殊疑问词
why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason. That is the reason why I’m late. I know the reason why he said it.
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is a machine that /which can fly.
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences:
祈使句+and/then 祈使句&#计图配 置好PP管及配 件，用 管件在 管材垂 直角切 断管材 ，边剪 边旋转 ，以保 证切口 面的圆 度，保 持熔接 部位干 净无污 物
复合句类型 三要素
考点
宾
语序
宾语从句是 ___陈__述______ 语序。
This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China.
This is the film star who / that is very popular in China. (作主语)
which / who/ whom/ that 作宾语 ： （可省略） This is the card.
语
1. 主现从实
时态 2. 主过从过
从
3. 事实真理
句
1. that 可省略
连词 2. if / whether
3. 特殊疑问词
上海市2023届高考英语定语从句的翻译课件16张PPT
定1)前置定语的翻译
1. 翻译成汉语时把定语前置,译成“……的”结构 A．单一前置定语 英语中，单个定语前置的一般有形容词、数词、 代词、动名词、分词和所有格等。这种单一的定 语汉译时通常置于中心语之前，译成“……的” 结构时,应按照汉语习惯,适时省略“的”。
B．两个或两个以上前置定语的翻译
英语中两个或两个以上的单词定语放在中 心语之前共同修饰一个名词,其基本顺序是 由小范围到大范围,由次要意义到主要意义, 由程度弱到程度强,由一般到专有,意思越具 体,物质性越强,就越靠近中心语,而汉语正好 相反
定语全部前置时在英语句子中其词序一般 是“非限制性定语＋限制性定语＋名词中 心词”。
2. 介词短语作后置定语 （1） The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
译：两点之间的最短距离是直线。
（2） Commerce with other countries is very important to us.
In the old days when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
（2）后置定语的翻译
1. 副词作后置定语 （1） People there like singing and dancing. 译：那儿的人们喜欢唱歌跳舞。 （2） Their day together remained vividly in his thoughts. 译：他们在一起度过的日子清晰地留在他 脑海中。
（4） a modern, powerful，socialist country 译：一个社会主义的现代化强国
（5） a powerful industrial socialist country 译：一个强大的社会主义工业国
1. 翻译成汉语时把定语前置,译成“……的”结构 A．单一前置定语 英语中，单个定语前置的一般有形容词、数词、 代词、动名词、分词和所有格等。这种单一的定 语汉译时通常置于中心语之前，译成“……的” 结构时,应按照汉语习惯,适时省略“的”。
B．两个或两个以上前置定语的翻译
英语中两个或两个以上的单词定语放在中 心语之前共同修饰一个名词,其基本顺序是 由小范围到大范围,由次要意义到主要意义, 由程度弱到程度强,由一般到专有,意思越具 体,物质性越强,就越靠近中心语,而汉语正好 相反
定语全部前置时在英语句子中其词序一般 是“非限制性定语＋限制性定语＋名词中 心词”。
2. 介词短语作后置定语 （1） The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
译：两点之间的最短距离是直线。
（2） Commerce with other countries is very important to us.
In the old days when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
（2）后置定语的翻译
1. 副词作后置定语 （1） People there like singing and dancing. 译：那儿的人们喜欢唱歌跳舞。 （2） Their day together remained vividly in his thoughts. 译：他们在一起度过的日子清晰地留在他 脑海中。
（4） a modern, powerful，socialist country 译：一个社会主义的现代化强国
（5） a powerful industrial socialist country 译：一个强大的社会主义工业国
6定语从句及其它常见句式的翻译精品PPT课件
外位语翻译之三
❖ 三）溶合法 ❖ 所谓溶合法就是抛开汉语中的外位结构，将其所表
达的内容纳入英语的句子当中，充当相应的句法成 分。例如：
❖ 建设和谐社会，这将是今后我们长期的工作重心所 在。
❖ Our priority in work for the long period ahead is to build a harmonious society.
(5) yet he failed somehow, in spite of a mediocrity which ought to have insured any man a success. 译文:按理说,他这样的庸才,正该发迹才是,可是不知怎 么,只是不得意。
(6)I have strong opinions which wouldn't suit you.
译文:我有些看法,但对于你们怕不合适。
(7)You compare her with your English-women who wolf down from three to five meat meals a day; and naturally you find Sally a sylph.
外位语翻译之二
❖ 二）拆句法 ❖ 为了句式的明晰，表意的准确，可以考虑将外位结
构拆分成英语中独立的句子。例如：
❖ 要解决问题，还须作系统的周密的调查工作和研究 工作，这就是分析的过程。
❖ In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study. This is the process of analysis.
初中英语定语从句ppt课件
She is a teacher that/who teaches us English.
3. Where is the coat? You bought it last week. Where is the coat which/that you bought last week?
.
定语从句I
I like music. Most people like the music.
❖ 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词 主语
宾语
所有格
人 who,that who(m),tha whose
t
物 which,tha which,that whose, of
t
which
.
5.定语从句的结构
1.He never forgets the things that/which he needs to do.
.
Ex.I
•
请用that or who 并成一句
1. I like music.
The music is loud and exciting.
• _I_li_k_e_m__u_s_i_c_t_h_a_t_is__lo_u_d__a_n_d__e_xciting.
2. She loves movies.
who 修饰先行词 singers who 在从句中做主. 语. (不能省)
1. Rosa likes music that’s quiet and
gentle. Rosa喜欢轻柔的音乐。 2. I like music that I can sing along
with.我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐 3. I love singers who write their own
3. Where is the coat? You bought it last week. Where is the coat which/that you bought last week?
.
定语从句I
I like music. Most people like the music.
❖ 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表
先行词 主语
宾语
所有格
人 who,that who(m),tha whose
t
物 which,tha which,that whose, of
t
which
.
5.定语从句的结构
1.He never forgets the things that/which he needs to do.
.
Ex.I
•
请用that or who 并成一句
1. I like music.
The music is loud and exciting.
• _I_li_k_e_m__u_s_i_c_t_h_a_t_is__lo_u_d__a_n_d__e_xciting.
2. She loves movies.
who 修饰先行词 singers who 在从句中做主. 语. (不能省)
1. Rosa likes music that’s quiet and
gentle. Rosa喜欢轻柔的音乐。 2. I like music that I can sing along
with.我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐 3. I love singers who write their own
《定语从句的翻译》课件
名词修饰
用来限定或说明名词的具体 内容
位置
一般是在先行词后面，由关 系词引导
举例
我住在一个很漂亮的城市， 这个城市有许多著名的景点。
定语从句的作用
定语从句可以使句子更加具体，更加清晰，更加精确，使句子的表述更丰富多彩。例如：“买了3 个苹果的那个人是谁？”
1
具体化
可以使句子更加具体、精确、丰富
2
举例
先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
定语从句的引导词
用于引导定语从句的关系代词分为：who, whom, whose, which和that五种，其中which和that还可作为关系代词， 引导非限制性定语从句。例如：“我认识那个穿红衣服的人。”
• who • whom • whose • which • that
宾语的定语从句。
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定语从句在口语和写作中的运用
在现代汉语口语和写作中，定语从句运用广泛，是表述语言的重要工具。例如：“那个坐在你后面的人，今天 上午迟到了吗？”
用于口语和写作
定语从句的运用广泛
表述更丰富多彩
为语言表述增加了更多的方式
定语从句的实际应用场景
英汉之间的翻译需要更多的思考
关系代词在定语从句中的作用
关系代词除了引导定语从句外，还在定语从句中充当成分。例如：“我认识那个穿红衣服的人。”
• who/that：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 • whom/that：在定语从句中作宾语。 • which/that/whose：在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
• 注意是否需要重复先行词。 • 注意特殊用法，如省略关系代词、使用whose等。 • 注意关系代词的正确使用。
2023届上海市高三英语定语从句的翻译课件
一位年轻的姑娘和一位上校展开了一场热 烈的争论。姑娘坚持认为妇女已有进步， 看见老鼠就吓得跳上椅子的时代已经一去 不复还了， 而上校则认为没有。（重复先 行词， 译成独立句）
（二）省略先行词 如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整” 的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。
lIt is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. l是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
lSpace and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. l太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
lHis laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. l他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
l美国的经济制度常常被称为”自由企业制度”,与社会 主义经济形成对照。社会主义经济在很大的程度上 依赖于政府计划和生产资料公有制。
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-atthe-sight-of-a-mouse era, and a colonel who says that they haven’t.
三、融合法： 把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。融合法是 指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语 从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关 系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其 是“there be ”结构带有定语从句的句型。
（二）省略先行词 如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整” 的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。
lIt is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. l是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
lSpace and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. l太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
lHis laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. l他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
l美国的经济制度常常被称为”自由企业制度”,与社会 主义经济形成对照。社会主义经济在很大的程度上 依赖于政府计划和生产资料公有制。
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-atthe-sight-of-a-mouse era, and a colonel who says that they haven’t.
三、融合法： 把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。融合法是 指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语 从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关 系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其 是“there be ”结构带有定语从句的句型。
定语从句的翻译(共19张PPT)
定语从句的翻译涉及限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句与修饰词关系密切，通常置于其前，但需足够简短以保持主句完整，如“我想买一座又便宜又舒适的房子”。若定语从句可能引起歧义或逻辑错误，应置于修饰词后，作为独立句子，如“他们打死四人，并打伤了后来伤重死去的第五人”。某些定语从句可置于修饰词前后，意义无差，如“在欧洲大陆，有一个话题人们讳莫如深，那就是天气”。非限制性定语从句则通常与主句分开，译为独立句子，因其通常较长且具描述或解释性，如“第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，因而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂”。但需注意，有些非限制性定语从句在意义的准确性和流畅性。
定语从句的翻译方法ppt课件
Behaviorists suggest that / the child / who is raised in an environment / where there are many stimuli / which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response / will experience greater intellectual development.
4．这个“他或她”的翻译不是很地道，因为中文里 一般不用这样的表达法，这可以到第三步重读的时 候进行调整。
5．这个“他”就是在翻译过程中出现的增词现象， 因为把定语从句后置之后，主句的谓语也就缺少了 主语，那么我们在翻译的过程中需要增加主语，这 属于“自然增词法”。
第三步：重读
正：行为主义者认为，一个孩子如果生长 在有很多刺激的环境里，而这些刺激促进 了其适当反应能力的发展，那么这个孩子 就会有着更大的知识发展。 这一步极其关键，因为在处理整个句子关 系的时候，我们增加了“如果……那么”、 “而”等词，将“他或她”变成了“其”，将“发展” 变成了“促进了……的发展”。所以直到这时 我们才能说这个句子算是翻译完毕了。
翻译改进
1．一般来说，一个人或是一群人的后面出 现了一个动词，动词后面有宾语从句，即 使我们不认识这个单词，我们都会把这个 词翻译成“认为”，这是一种十分适合于 考试的方法。
2．定语1和定语2合在一起翻译，但是定语 2比较短，少于八个单词，所以要放在定语 1的前面翻译。
3．“这些刺激”就是句子当中的which，这里把 which翻译出来，就是我们讲的要把后置翻译的定语 从句中的关系词翻译出来的方法。在这里一定要明 确which指的是什么
定语从句精品课件精选全文完整版
Which baby is Jack?
Jack
穿红裤子的baby是Jack。 The baby whose trousers are red is Jack. The baby who is wearing red trousers is Jack.
Jane has borrowed the book. It was written by Laoshe.
The Attributive Clause I
A guessing game：
---A basketball player ---He is a Chinese basketball player. ---He is a Chinese basketball player who is very tall
This is a dream which/that never come true.
Which one is Harry Porter ? The boy is Harry Porter
Which one is Harry Porter ?
定语从句
The boy _w__h_o__is__w_e_a__ri_n_g__g_l_a_s_s_e_s_ is Harry Porter .
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(2)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read. (3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. (4)先行词同时含有人和物时。
定语从句(37张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
（that 指人，在从句中作主语，稿不定能P省PT略）
稿定PPT，海量素材持续更
② This is all (that) I can tell you. 新（，th上a千t 指款模物板，选在择总从有句一中作宾语，常省略）
款适合你
③ She is the only person(that) I can trust.（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
② It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy. 稿定PPT
(作宾稿语定，PPT可，以海量省素略材)持续更
新，上千款模板选择总有一
③ He cam款e适la合te你, which we all know.
(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略)
先行词是物，只能用that的情况：
3.当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时： This is the first gift that I bought for my mom. This is the most interesting book that I have read.
4.当先行词被the only , the very , the same ,the last 修饰时： He is the only person that passed the exam in his class.
知识点2：关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
who和 whom指人, who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制
性定语从句中不可省略。
The boy who is playing football is my classmate.
稿定PPT，海量素材持续更
② This is all (that) I can tell you. 新（，th上a千t 指款模物板，选在择总从有句一中作宾语，常省略）
款适合你
③ She is the only person(that) I can trust.（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
② It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy. 稿定PPT
(作宾稿语定，PPT可，以海量省素略材)持续更
新，上千款模板选择总有一
③ He cam款e适la合te你, which we all know.
(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略)
先行词是物，只能用that的情况：
3.当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时： This is the first gift that I bought for my mom. This is the most interesting book that I have read.
4.当先行词被the only , the very , the same ,the last 修饰时： He is the only person that passed the exam in his class.
知识点2：关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
who和 whom指人, who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制
性定语从句中不可省略。
The boy who is playing football is my classmate.
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At present, hundreds of millions of tons of diverse substances which are a source of harm to the health of people, plant life, and useful microorganisms are discharged to the atmosphere.
EST-11定语从句的翻译
1
译成定语
The microorganism which causes disease is pathogenic.
引起疾病的微生物具有致病性。 The people who study ecosystem are called
ecologists. 那些从事生态系统研究的人被称作生态学家。
动名词词组） Reading in bed will do harm to your eyes. Eating too much will do harm to our health. 吃得太多有害于健康。
8
这种恶性循环将不利于亚洲乃至全球金融和 经济的稳定。
This vicious circle will do harm to the financial the economic stability in Asia and the world as a whole.
free from cholesterol.
10
defective product/non-good parts 不良品 Sort out defective tools 把有毛病的工具拣出来。 defective workmanship 工艺缺陷 The buildup of impurities often results in
目前，成千上万吨各种各样物质排入大气，这些 物质实际上是对人类健康、植物生存、以及有 用的微生物产生危害的根源。
14
Electronic communication is a network that connects everyone to everyone else and provides just about any sort of electronic communication imaginable.
12
优柔寡断是他的主要缺点。 Indecision is his chief defect. Near-sightedness is a visual defect. 近视是一个视力缺陷。 内在的故障 an inherent defect
13
分译法
译成并列分句
重复关系代词所代的名词，有时还可以在名词之 前加指示代词“这”或“该”。
life eats anything derived from animals. 严格的素食者终生都不食用动物性食品。
4
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
译成谓语
Scientists have found the defective gene that causes a rare, heritable disorder.
科学家们发现基因缺陷会引起一种罕见的遗 传疾病。
There is no place on earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer.
地球上任何地方冬天的白昼都比夏天长。
5
金属的强度、硬度和可塑性这些性能使它们 在工业上得到广泛应用。（红色译为定语 从句）
Strength, hardness and plasticity of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry.
2
译成定语
A modem is a device which connects a computer via telephone lines to other computers.
调制解调器是把一台计算机通过电话线同其 他计算机相连接的一种装置。
In modern industry many substances are used which have been found to do great harm to man.
microbial population [微] 微生物种群
7
do damage to; do harm to 造成损害 试验显示抽烟对人体有害。（宾语从句） The trials show that smoking will do harm to
people. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的.（主语译为
defective plating. 杂质的积累经常导致不良的电镀。
11
自产品售出之日起７天内产品因质量问题免 费更换
Products proven to be defective within seven days from the date of purchase are eligible for replacement at no cost.
6
So the preparation of a pure culture involves the isolation of a given microorganism from a mixed natural microbial population
因此纯培养制备要从混合的天然微生物群中 分离出特定的微生物。
现代工业使用许多对人体有很大危害的物质。
3
译成谓语
New electron tubes could be built that worked at much higher voltages.
如今制造的电子管，工作电压要高得多。 A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his
9
He opened a vegetarian restaurant in his hometown.
他在家乡开了个素菜馆。 本素菜馆的菜肴，具有各种风味，不含任何
胆固醇（ cholesterol ）。 This vegetarian restaurant serves various dishes
EST-11定语从句的翻译
1
译成定语
The microorganism which causes disease is pathogenic.
引起疾病的微生物具有致病性。 The people who study ecosystem are called
ecologists. 那些从事生态系统研究的人被称作生态学家。
动名词词组） Reading in bed will do harm to your eyes. Eating too much will do harm to our health. 吃得太多有害于健康。
8
这种恶性循环将不利于亚洲乃至全球金融和 经济的稳定。
This vicious circle will do harm to the financial the economic stability in Asia and the world as a whole.
free from cholesterol.
10
defective product/non-good parts 不良品 Sort out defective tools 把有毛病的工具拣出来。 defective workmanship 工艺缺陷 The buildup of impurities often results in
目前，成千上万吨各种各样物质排入大气，这些 物质实际上是对人类健康、植物生存、以及有 用的微生物产生危害的根源。
14
Electronic communication is a network that connects everyone to everyone else and provides just about any sort of electronic communication imaginable.
12
优柔寡断是他的主要缺点。 Indecision is his chief defect. Near-sightedness is a visual defect. 近视是一个视力缺陷。 内在的故障 an inherent defect
13
分译法
译成并列分句
重复关系代词所代的名词，有时还可以在名词之 前加指示代词“这”或“该”。
life eats anything derived from animals. 严格的素食者终生都不食用动物性食品。
4
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
译成谓语
Scientists have found the defective gene that causes a rare, heritable disorder.
科学家们发现基因缺陷会引起一种罕见的遗 传疾病。
There is no place on earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer.
地球上任何地方冬天的白昼都比夏天长。
5
金属的强度、硬度和可塑性这些性能使它们 在工业上得到广泛应用。（红色译为定语 从句）
Strength, hardness and plasticity of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry.
2
译成定语
A modem is a device which connects a computer via telephone lines to other computers.
调制解调器是把一台计算机通过电话线同其 他计算机相连接的一种装置。
In modern industry many substances are used which have been found to do great harm to man.
microbial population [微] 微生物种群
7
do damage to; do harm to 造成损害 试验显示抽烟对人体有害。（宾语从句） The trials show that smoking will do harm to
people. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的.（主语译为
defective plating. 杂质的积累经常导致不良的电镀。
11
自产品售出之日起７天内产品因质量问题免 费更换
Products proven to be defective within seven days from the date of purchase are eligible for replacement at no cost.
6
So the preparation of a pure culture involves the isolation of a given microorganism from a mixed natural microbial population
因此纯培养制备要从混合的天然微生物群中 分离出特定的微生物。
现代工业使用许多对人体有很大危害的物质。
3
译成谓语
New electron tubes could be built that worked at much higher voltages.
如今制造的电子管，工作电压要高得多。 A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his
9
He opened a vegetarian restaurant in his hometown.
他在家乡开了个素菜馆。 本素菜馆的菜肴，具有各种风味，不含任何
胆固醇（ cholesterol ）。 This vegetarian restaurant serves various dishes