药理学 药学英语PPT课件
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2
E.g. acetylsalicylic acid（aspirin）
Phospholipids phospholipase
arachidonic acid(花生四烯酸）
Inhibit the activity of COX
cyclooxygenase(环氧化酶)
prostaglandin(前列腺素)
inflammation
3
4
5
Jacob Abel founded and chaired the first department of pharmacology in the United States at the University of Michigan isolation of epinephrine（肾上腺素）from adrenal gland isolation of histamine（组胺）from pituitary extract preparation of crystalline insulin（胰岛素）
bacteria
Humans
cell wall biosynthesis without cell wall
sulfa drugs (磺胺药物)
folic acid synthesis
the synthetic pathway is not needed
9
Drugs used to replace inadequacies of naturally occurring substance insulin: is a hormone that is central to regulating energy and glucose metabolism in the body. When insulin is absent, glucose is not taken up by body cells and accumulate, diabetes mellitus（糖尿病） will result. L-dopa: After passing though the blood brain barrier （ 血 脑 屏 障 ） , it is enzymatically transformed into dopamine, the insufficiency of which will cause parkinsonism (帕金森症)
assess the effect of different doses on therapeutic effect use animal models to screen chemicals with anti-tumor activity measure plasma half life of a drug in body evaluate toxicity of a candidate drug in men determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic evaluate the inhibitory effect of a candidate drug on an enzyme
William Withering discoverer of digitalis（洋地黄） for the treatment of congestive heart failure（充血性心力衰竭）
6
Definitions
Pharmacology has been defined as an experimental science that studies changes brought about in vivo and in vitro by chemically acting substances, whether used for therapeutic purpose or not. In the broadest sense, pharmacology is the science of studying the effect of drugs on living organisms. It attempts to describe the biological response produced by drugs and to define the underlying mechanisms by which the responses are generated.
1
History
1.Pharmacology studies the effects of drugs and how they exert their effects.
E.g. penicillin kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase(转 肽酶) that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the cross-linking of peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）.
8
Classification of drugs:
Drugs uswk.baidu.comd to combat infection
Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host
7
Drugs: Broadly defined, a drug is a chemical
substance that can alter or influence the responsiveness of a biological system. The action of a drug is mediated by a naturally occurring process of the body. A drug either mimics, facilitate, or antagonizes a normally occurring phenomenon.
Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, is the treatment of a disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerous cells.
penicillin
E.g. acetylsalicylic acid（aspirin）
Phospholipids phospholipase
arachidonic acid(花生四烯酸）
Inhibit the activity of COX
cyclooxygenase(环氧化酶)
prostaglandin(前列腺素)
inflammation
3
4
5
Jacob Abel founded and chaired the first department of pharmacology in the United States at the University of Michigan isolation of epinephrine（肾上腺素）from adrenal gland isolation of histamine（组胺）from pituitary extract preparation of crystalline insulin（胰岛素）
bacteria
Humans
cell wall biosynthesis without cell wall
sulfa drugs (磺胺药物)
folic acid synthesis
the synthetic pathway is not needed
9
Drugs used to replace inadequacies of naturally occurring substance insulin: is a hormone that is central to regulating energy and glucose metabolism in the body. When insulin is absent, glucose is not taken up by body cells and accumulate, diabetes mellitus（糖尿病） will result. L-dopa: After passing though the blood brain barrier （ 血 脑 屏 障 ） , it is enzymatically transformed into dopamine, the insufficiency of which will cause parkinsonism (帕金森症)
assess the effect of different doses on therapeutic effect use animal models to screen chemicals with anti-tumor activity measure plasma half life of a drug in body evaluate toxicity of a candidate drug in men determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic evaluate the inhibitory effect of a candidate drug on an enzyme
William Withering discoverer of digitalis（洋地黄） for the treatment of congestive heart failure（充血性心力衰竭）
6
Definitions
Pharmacology has been defined as an experimental science that studies changes brought about in vivo and in vitro by chemically acting substances, whether used for therapeutic purpose or not. In the broadest sense, pharmacology is the science of studying the effect of drugs on living organisms. It attempts to describe the biological response produced by drugs and to define the underlying mechanisms by which the responses are generated.
1
History
1.Pharmacology studies the effects of drugs and how they exert their effects.
E.g. penicillin kills susceptible bacteria by specifically inhibiting the transpeptidase(转 肽酶) that catalyzes the final step in cell wall biosynthesis, the cross-linking of peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）.
8
Classification of drugs:
Drugs uswk.baidu.comd to combat infection
Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host
7
Drugs: Broadly defined, a drug is a chemical
substance that can alter or influence the responsiveness of a biological system. The action of a drug is mediated by a naturally occurring process of the body. A drug either mimics, facilitate, or antagonizes a normally occurring phenomenon.
Chemotherapy, in its most general sense, is the treatment of a disease by chemicals especially by killing micro-organisms or cancerous cells.
penicillin