剑桥雅思9阅读解析test1
剑桥9test1范文
求雅思剑桥9的test1大作文范文的翻译Childrens education has long been our concern since Plato once uttered, "Educationis where a country should start at." However, it is still a controversial issue after all these years among people who are particularly concerned about it. Some people believe that it is parents responsibility to cultivate their kids to be fully aware of what a social being should look like; others, whereas, argue that schools should take over this for the ultimate goal. In this essay, I would put this issue in question and further analyse both sides before presenting my personal perspective.雅思阅读九分达人test1第一篇的答案有没有人知道呀？？？求急用,谢剑桥雅思真题集3、4、5、6、7、8，其中剑6是相对比较难；剑桥雅思真题集3、4、5、7、8，可以用来做练习了解题型，剑6是相对比较难，可以用来做雅思模考；《不可不知——雅思口语》本书着重点评了一些雅思口语考试的典型回答案例，通过具体的剖析，向广大考生展现了一个真实的雅思口语考试环境和透彻的准备思路。
书中包括案例分析、场景词汇提点、回答技巧解析和真题汇总几大方面，极大地方便了考生的备考。
剑桥雅思阅读9(test1)原文答案解析
剑桥雅思阅读9(test1)原文答案解析雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是店铺给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读9原文解析(test1)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。
剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early intere sts in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he becameHofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on th e top floor of his family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’sdiscovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859)and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsii Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations iii Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighboursiv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencev Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencevi Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life formsvii Likelihood of life on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 Paragraph B15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EIS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?The Search for Extra-terrestrial IntelligenceThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.AThe primary reason for the search is basic curiosity hethe same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that, we seearound us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered.BIn discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form,quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.CEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.DAn alien civilistation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking forradio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct, a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency rang 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.EThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal toreach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Questions 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20 How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching?Questions 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the pla nts, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashoreto breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Plaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modern land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family three of all modern turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today’s land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modern land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then reemerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.Questions 27-30Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto lands?29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?30 which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Questions 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.Questions 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come fromStep 171 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined anda total of 34 ……………………. were taken from the bones of theirforelimbs.Step 2The data was recorded on a 35 ……………….. (necessary for comparing the information).Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense 36 …………………………… of points towards the top.Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.Step 3The same data was collected from some living 37 ………………. species and added to the other results.Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38 ……………… up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.Step 4Bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added.Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were 39…………..Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C they have so much in common with sea turtles.D they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test1)PASSAGE 1参考译文：William Henry Perkin 合成染料的发明者Wiliam Henry Perkin于1838年3月12日出生于英国伦敦。
剑9test1passage2
剑9test1passage2Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsAppropriate responses to signals from other civilisationsVast distances to Earth’s closest neighboursAssumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrlal intelligence Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrlal intelligenceKnowledge of extra-terrestrlal life formsLikelihood of lives on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 15 16 17In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules.First, UFOs(unidentified Flying Obejects) are generallyignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration(although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us,since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.Iv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrlal intelligenceEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life form is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, howmany stars have planets, ans we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy(the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconvincible that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life,leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.Likelihood of lives on other planetsAn alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severelyattenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power,radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000MHz travel the greatest distance,and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescope,the American-operated telescope in Arecibo,Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all the space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detact a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distance at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signals to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important,then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the huamn race debates the question of whether to reply,and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisationsTest4 passage 3Commercial pressures on people in charge Mixed views on current changes to museums Interpreting the facts to meet visitor expections The international dimensionCollections of factual evidenceFewer differences between public attractions Current reviews and suggestionsRecently, however,attitudes towards history and the way it should be presented have alteres. The key word in heritage display is now ‘experience’, the more exciting the better and, if possible, involving all the senses. Good examples of this approach in the UK are the Jorvik Centre in Yolk; the National Museum of Photography,Film and Television in Bradford; and the Imperial War Museum in London. In the US the trend emerged much earlier: Williamsburg has been a prototype for many heritage developments in other parts of the world. No one can predict where the process will end. On so-called heritage sites the re-enactment of historical events is increasingly popular, and computer will soon provide virtual reality experiences, which will present visitors with vivid image of the period of their choice,in which they themselves can act as if part of the historical environment. Such developments have been criticised as an intolerable vulgarisation, but the success of many historical theme parks and similar locations suggests that the majority ofthe public does not share this opinion.Mixed views on current changes to museumsIn a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. They already borrow ideas and concepts from one another. For example,museums have adopted story lines foe exhibitions,sites have accepted ‘theming’ as a relevant tool, and theme parks are moving towards more authenticity and research-based presentations. In zoos, animals are no longer kept in cages, but in great spaces, either in the open air or in enormous greenhouses,such as the jungle and desert environments in Burgers’Zoo in Holland. This particular trend is regarded as one of the major developments in the presentation of natural history in the twentieth century.Fewer differences between public attractionsTheme parks are undergoing other changes, too, as they try to present more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy. This development is a response to market forces and, although museums and heritage sites have a special, rather distinct,role to fullfill,they also operating in a very competitive environment, where visitors make choices on how and where to spend their free time. Heritage and museum experts do not have to invent stories and recreate historical enviroments to attract their visitors; their assets are already in place. However,exhibits must be both based on artefacts and facts as we know them,and attractively presented. Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position,as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income-generating activities.iIt could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’’historical accuracy must be increasingly altered. For example,Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museumwith Malay facial features, because this corresponds to the public perceptions. Similarily, in the Museum of Natural History in Washington, Neanderthal man is shown making a dominant gesture to his wife. Such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors. There is one compensation,however, for the professionals who make these interpretations: if they did not provide the interpretation,visitors would do it for themselves,based on their own ideas,misconceptions and prejudices. And no matter how exciting the result, it would contain a lot more bias than the presentations provided by experts.iii。
雅思剑9test1阅读高频重点单词
Prompt 促进solidify 使固化，加强eminent 杰出的fascinating 迷人的fierce 激烈的artificial 人工的devotion 奉献perceive 感知surpass 超过derive from 由……起源synthetic 合成的substitute 替代品substance 物质incorporate 使混合unexpected 意外的fade 褪去boost 繁荣，提高invisible 不可见的foster 培养sufficient 足够的conservative 保守的，传统的conventional 传统的resemble 类似于dramatically 戏剧性的ethical 民族的，伦理的，道德的debate 辩论attempt 试图horizon 水平线，视野emerge 出现assumption 假设radically 彻底的，完全的restrictive 有限制的severe 严重的estimate 估计，评价alien 外星的，国外的migration 迁移intermediate 中级的，中间体equivalent 相等的fragment 碎片overlap 重叠mammal 哺乳动物invasion 入侵reproduction 繁殖，复制fossil 化石apparently 显然地branch 分支constitute 组成remarkable 引人注目的remote 远的marine 海洋Prompt solidify eminent fascinating fierce artificial devotion perceive surpass derive from synthetic substitute substance incorporate unexpected fadeboost invisible foster sufficient conservative conventional resemble dramatically ethicaldebate attempt horizon emerge assumption radically restrictive severe estimate alien migration intermediate equivalent fragment overlap mammal invasion reproduction fossil apparently branch constitute remarkable remotemarine。
剑桥雅思9Test1 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：外星有生命存在吗？
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思阅读9TEST 1 PASSAGE 2译文,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage2答案解析；需要延伸阅读本单元其他译文的同学，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Pessage1译文-合成染料的发明者。
TEST 1 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：外星有生命存在吗?——搜寻外星文明计划人类是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命这个问题已经困扰我们几百年了，然而随着搜索来自其他智慧文明的无线电信号，现在我们或许离这个问题的答案已经不远了。
这项也被称为SETI (search for extra?terrestrial intelligence, 搜寻外星文明)的计划进行起来非常困难。
虽然世界各地的团体已经断断续续地搜寻了三十多年，然而直到现在，我们所达到的技术水平才允许我们下定决心去尝试搜寻附近所有附近星球上的任何生命迹象。
A 人类之所以搜索无线电信号，主要是出于一种基本的好奇心，正是这种对大自然的好奇心推动了所有纯科学的发展。
我们想知道人类是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命。
我们想知道在适宜的条件下，生命是否会自然形成。
我们还想知道地球上是否存在某种特殊的物质，孕育了那些我们司空见惯的各种形式的生命体。
只需监测一下无线电信号，这些最根本的问题就能够得到充分解答。
从这种意义上来说，SETI 是纯科学系统发展的又一个重要推动力，而纯科学正不断拓宽着人类的知识范围。
然而，人类之所以对其他地方是否存在生命这件事感兴趣，还有其他原因。
比如，我们地球上的文明历史只有寥寥数千年，而过去几十年的核战争与污染的威胁告诉人类，我们的生命也许很脆弱。
我们还能再延续两千年吗?还是将自我灭绝呢?既然像地球这样的星球拥有数十亿年的寿命，我们可以猜想，如果银河系中确实还有其他文明存在，那么它们的历史可能从零到数十亿年不等。
因此，如果我们收到其他文明的信号，那它们的平均历史很有可能比人类历史长得多。
雅思范文及赏析-剑9Test01-大作文
剑9Test1大作文Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?话题和题型分类教育类，同意不同意型题目分析有些专家认为少年儿童从小学就应该开始学外语，而不是从中学。
这种想法优大于劣吗？思路提示优点>缺点科研表明，儿童低龄时口舌肌肉尚未定型，是语言发展的重要时期较早开始学习外语，记得快，学得多，接受能力比大龄起步效果好通过寓教于乐的方式让低龄儿童学习外语，可以让其认为学外语很快乐，培养好的学习心态缺点>优点低龄儿童活泼好动，集中力不强，学外语效果打折扣低龄儿童对较难的语言点难以理解Sample AnswerUnder the fast globalization,learning a foreign language tends to be a necessary.Some even advocate that children should start a foreign language since their primary school.Personally,I reckon that this proposal will cause more harm other than benefits to children.内容详细条目段落此段结构1描述现实2表达观点此段功能首段开篇摆明观点:让孩子们从小学开始学习外语这一提议弊大于利。
Admittedly,it will be much more advantageous for children to learn a new language at an early age.Scientists substantiate that young kids have already formed the cognitive capability to distinguish the foreign language from their mother tongue,let alone the children over7year‐old.Indeed,children’s intrinsic curiosity and language gift can make it easier for them to master the foreign language compared with those who have get used to the pattern of their own language.Statistics present that most Swiss children can spontaneously master at least three languages since their9,especially those half‐breed.内容详细条目段落此段结构1反面论据一：七岁的孩子有足够的能力分辨外语与母语。
剑9 Test1手打可复制粘贴
Test 1LISTENINGSECTION 1 Questions 1-10Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-16Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 17 and 18Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.17 A champion athlete will be in the shopA on Saturday morning only.B all day Saturday.C for the whole weekend.18 The first person to answer 20 quiz questions correctly will winA gym membership.B a video.C a calendar.Questions 19 and 20Choose TWO letters,A-E.Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test?A You need to reserve a place.B It is free to account holders.C You get advice on how to improve your health.D It takes place in a special clinic.E It is cheaper this month.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Course Feedback21 One reason why Spiros felt happy about his marketing presentation was thatA he was not nervous.B his style was good.C the presentation was the best in his group.22What surprised Hiroko about the other students’ presentations?A Their presentations were not interesting.B They found their presentations stressful.C They didn’t look at the audience enough.23 After she gave her presentation, Hiroko feltA delighted.B dissatisfied.C embarrassed.24 How does Spiros feel about his performance in tutorials?A not very happyB really pleasedC fairly confident25 Why can the other students participate so easily in discussions?A They are polite to each other.B They agree to take turns in speaking.C They know each other well.26 Why is Hiroko feeling more positive about tutorials now?A She finds the other students’ opinions more interesting.B She is making more of a contribution.C The tutor includes her in the discussion.27 To help her understand lectures, Hiroko.A consulted reference materials.B had extra tutorials with her lecturers.C borrowed lecture notes from other students.28 What does Spiros think of his reading skills?A He reads faster than he used to.B It still takes him a long time to read.C He tends to struggle with new vocabulary.29 What is Hi roko’s subject area?A environmental studiesB health educationC engineering30 Hiroko thinks that in the reading classes the students shouldA learn more vocabularyB read more in their own subject areas.C develop better reading strategies.SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE in the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had? 10What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14Paragraph B15Paragraph C16Paragraph D17 Paragraph EIS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?The Search for Extra-terrestrial IntelligenceThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent; civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.AThe primary reason for the search is basic curiosity — the same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that, we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient; to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing withthreats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered.BIn discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since m ost scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really onvincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.CEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems in conceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.DAn alien civilistation could choose many different ways of sending information across th galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distancesacross the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches hads been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct, a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency rang 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller an tennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.EThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if face with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, i f there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Questions 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18What is the life expectancy of Earth?19What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching?Questions 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 21Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars. 25The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress. 26If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches. There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Plaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles nd tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell isby measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modern land tortoises have probably stayed on and ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family three of all modern turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aqua tic. Today’s land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modern land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then reemerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the direst of deserts.Questions 27-30 Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate? 28Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto lands?29Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack? 30which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Questions 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.Questions 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors ofturtles and tortoises come fromQuestion 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C they have so much in common with sea turtles.D they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.WRITINGWRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.ＡＮＳＷＥＲＫＥＹListeningSection 1, Questions 1-101 answer(ing) (the) phone2 Hillsdunne Road3 library4 4.455 national holidays6 after 11(o’clock)7 clear voice8 think quickly9 22 Octorber10 ManujaSection 2, Questions 11-2011 branch12 west13 clothing14 1015 running16 bags17 A18 A19 &20 IN EITHER ORDERAESection 3, Questions 21-3021 B22 C23 B24 A25 C26 B27 A28 B29 C30 BSection 4, Questions 31-4031 tide/tides32 hearing/ear/ears33 IN EITHER ORDER;BOTH REQUIRED FOR ONE MARKplantsanimals/fish/fished34 feeding35 noise/noises36 healthy37 group38 social39 leader40 network/networksReadingReading Passage 1, Questions 1-131 FALSE2 NOT GIVEN3 FALSE4 TRUE5 NOT GIVEN6 TRUE7 NOT GIVEN8 (the/only) rich9 commercial (possibilities)10 mauve(was/is)11 (Robert) Pullar12 (in) France13 malaria (is)Reading Passage 2, Questions 14-2614 iv15 vii16 i17 ii18 several billion years19 radio (waves/signals)20 1000(stars)21 YES22 YES23 NOT GIVEN24 NO25 NOT GIVEN26 NOReading Passage 3 Questions 27-4027 plants28 IN EITHER ORDER;BOTH REQUIRED FOR ONE MARKbreathingreproduction29 gills30 dolphins31 NOT GIVEN32 FALSE33 TRUE34 3 measurements36 (triangular) graph37 amphibious38 half way39 dry-land tortoises40 D。
剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage1答案解析
剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage1答案解析剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage1答案Question 1—7：F、NG、F、T、NG、T、NGQuestion 8—13：(the) rich、commercial、mauve、(Robert)Pullar、France、malaria 剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage1答案解析裁材说明文题材人物介绍主题介绍合成染料发明人威廉·亨利·珀金以及合成染料的发现过程段落概括第一段珀金的生平以及兴趣介绍第二段 15岁时进入皇家化学学院学习第三段成为德国知名化学家霍夫曼最年轻的助手第四段承担起寻找奎宁替代品的实验第五段在实验中获得意外收获第六段传统的天然染料存在的弊端第七段意外获得可以染色的合成染料第八段合成染料的命名以及前期的商业筹备第九段合成染料取得了商业上的成功第十段合成染料的价值及其对其他领域的贡献雅思阅读词汇考题精解Question 1——7题型：判断题 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN解析：判断题一般都是按照其在原文中出现的顺序排列，确定了第一个题目对应原文中的具体位置，即可向后直接寻找其他题目的答案。
该题型出现在文章的开头，所以应该是从第一段开始按照正序考查。
1.Question 8——13题型：简答题SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS解析：这类题型的题干要求都是以特殊疑问句的形式出现，要求考生根据原文提供的信息回答问题，填写答案时考生一定要注意题干中大写的字数要求和限制。
8.剑9阅读难句解析1. But it was a chance stumblinng upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather's home that solidified the young man's enthusiasm for chemistry.解析：it was 引导了一个强调句型，强调a chance，紧跟着stumbling upon是定语成分，用来修饰a chance。
剑桥雅思9真题及解析Test1阅读
剑桥雅思9阅读真题答案：Question 1—7：F、NG、F、T、NG、T、NGQuestion 8—13：(the rich、commercial、mauve、(RobertPullar、France、malariaPassage1整体分析裁材说明文题材人物介绍主题介绍合成染料发明人威廉·亨利·珀金以及合成染料的发现过程段落概括第一段珀金的生平以及兴趣介绍第二段 15岁时进入皇家化学学院学习第三段成为德国知名化学家霍夫曼最年轻的助手第四段承担起寻找奎宁替代品的实验第五段在实验中获得意外收获第六段传统的天然染料存在的弊端第七段意外获得可以染色的合成染料第八段合成染料的命名以及前期的商业筹备第九段合成染料取得了商业上的成功第十段合成染料的价值及其对其他领域的贡献雅思阅读重点词汇第一段第六段curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲prompt v. 促进;激起stumble upon 偶然发现enthusiasm n. 热情，激情historically adv. 从历史角度；在历史上dye n. 染料，染色 v. 给……染色outrageously adv. 非常，不寻常地fade v. 褪色，失去光泽backdrop n. 背景第二段immerse v. 沉迷，陷入perceive v. 意识到，察觉devotion n. 献身;热爱;忠诚eminent adj. 知名的，杰出的第七段grasp v. 了解，明白，抓住fabric n. 织物，布fascinating adj. 迷人的，有巨大吸引力的第三段enrolment n. 登记;注册fortune n. 财富，命运，幸运breakthrough n. 突破;穿透第八段originally adv. 起初，原来，别出心裁地assure v. （使）确信fierce adj. 强烈的；激烈的第四段viable adj. 切实可行的，有望实现的derive from 从……提取synthetic adj. 合成的，人造的第九段utilise v. 利用，使用flatter v. （使）满意，（使）高兴surpass v. 超过，胜过substitute ['snbstitju.t] n. 替代品v. 替代，替换第五段attempt v. 试图，尝试readily adv. 随意地，便利地unexpected adj. 意想不到的，意外的manufacture v. 制造；生产potential n. 潜能，可能性；a. 潜在的，有可能的第十段decorative adj. 装饰的考题精解Question 1——7题型：判断题 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN解析：判断题一般都是按照其在原文中出现的顺序排列，确定了第一个题目对应原文中的具体位置，即可向后直接寻找其他题目的答案。
IELTS9Test1,2
IELTS 9Test 1Section 1 Questions 1-10Complete the form belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Section 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-16: Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 17 and18Choose the correct letter, A, B OR C.17.A champion athlete will be in the shopA on Saturday morning only.B all day Saturday.C for the whole weekend.18.T he first person to answer 20 quiz questions correctly will winA.gym membership.B. a video.C. a calendar.Questions 19and 20Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test?A You need to reserve a place.B It is free to account holders.C You get advice on how to improve your health.D It takes place in a special clinic.E It is cheaper this month.Section 3 Questions 21-30Choose the correct letter, A, B OR C.Course Feedback21. One reason why Spiros felt happy about his marketingpresentation was thatA he was not nervous.B his style was good.C the presentation was the best in his group.22. What surprised Hiroko about the other students’ presentations?A Their presentations were not interesting.B They found their presentations stressful.C They didn’t look at the audience enough.23. After she gave her presentation, Hiroko felt?A delighted.B dissatisfied.C embarrassed.24. How does Spiros feel about his performance in tutorialsA not very happy.B really pleased.C fairly confident.25. Why can the other students participate so easily in discussions?A They are polite to each other.B They agree to take turns in speaking.C They know each other well.26. Why is Hiroko feeling more positive about tutorials now?A She finds the other students’ opinions more interesting.B She is making more of a contribution.C The tutor includes her in the discussion.27. To help her understand lectures, HitokoA consulted reference materials.B had extra tutorials with her lecturers.C borrowed lecture notes from other students.28. What does Spiros think of his reading skills?A He reads faster than he used to.B It still takes him a long time to read.C He tends to struggle with new vocabulary.29. What is Hitoko’s subject area?A environmental studies.B health education.C engineering.30. Hitoko thinks that in the reading classes the students shouldA learn more vocabulary.B read more in their own subject areas.C developing better reading strategies.Section 4 Questions 31-40Complete the notes belowWrite NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Test 2Section 1 Questions 1-10Complete the form below.Write One WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Section 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-13Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Parks and open spacesQuestions 14-16Choose the correct letter, A, B OR C.Longfield Park14 As part of Monday’s activity, visitors willA prepare food with herbsB meet a well-known herbalistC dye cloth with herbs15 For the activity on Wednesday,A only group bookings are accepted.B visitors should book in advance.C attendance is free.16 For the activity on Saturday, visitors shouldA come in suitable clothing.B make sure they are able to stay for the whole day.C tell the rangers before the event what they wish to do.Questions 17-20Label the map below.Write the correct letter, A-I, next to questions 17-20.17 bird hide _____18 dog-walking area _____19 flower garden _____20 wooded area _____Section 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21 - 24Choose the correct letter, A, B OR C.Self-Access Centre21. Students want to keep the Self-Access Centre becauseA they enjoy the variety of equipment.B they like being able to work on their own.C it is an important part of their studies.22. Some teachers would prefer toA close the Self-Access Centre.B move the Self-Access Centre elsewhere.C restrict access to the Self-Access Centre.23. The students’ main concern about using the library would beA the size of the library.B difficulty in getting help.C the lack of materials.24. The Director of Studies is concerned aboutA the cost of upgrading the centre.B the lack of space in the centre.C the difficulty in supervising the centre.Questions 25-30Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Section 4 Questions 31-40Complete the note below.Write One WORD ONLY for each answer.。
剑桥雅思9阅读解析test
Passage1Question 1答案： FALSE关键词： Michael Faraday the first person定位原文: 第2段第2句“His talent and devotion…”他的老师Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱，鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。
解题思路: 从这句话很容易看出，Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现Perkin化学天赋的人，尽管文中没有用到the first person这样的确切说法，但是看完第二段就不难发现，这点的确是对的。
因此，题中的说法与文中的事实相反。
Question 2答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry，suggested定位原文：第2段第3句“Those speeches fired…” Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情，在1853年，15岁的Perkin成功进入皇家化学学院学习。
解题思路：这句话仅仅告诉我们，Perkin是在听了Faraday的讲座后，对化学的激情更加澎湃，进而考上了皇家化学学院，而并没有提到Faraday与Perkin进行直接接触或沟通，所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。
Question 3答案： FALSE关键词： employed, assistant，August Wilhelm Hofmann定位原文：第3段第1、2句“At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the…”在Perkin入学时，皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家August Wilhelm Hofmann。
Perkin的科学天赋很快引起了Hofmann 的注意，不到两年他就成了Hofmann最年轻的助理。
解题思路：从这两句话中可以清晰地看出Perkin和Hofmann之间的关系，前者是后者最年轻的助理，题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。
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Passage1Question 1答案: FALSE关键词: Michael Faraday the first person定位原文 : 第 2段第 2句“ His talent and devotion…” 他的老师 Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱,鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家 Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。
解题思路 : 从这句话很容易看出, Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现 Perkin 化学天赋的人,尽管文中没有用到 the first person 这样的确切说法,但是看完第二段就不难发现,这点的确是对的。
因此,题中的说法与文中的事实相反。
Question 2答案: NOT GIVEN关键词: Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry, suggested定位原文:第 2段第 3句“ Those speeches fired…” Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情,在 1853年, 15岁的 Perkin 成功进入皇家化学学院学习。
解题思路:这句话仅仅告诉我们, Perkin 是在听了 Faraday 的讲座后,对化学的激情更加澎湃,进而考上了皇家化学学院, 而并没有提到 Faraday 与 Perkin 进行直接接触或沟通, 所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。
Question 3答案: FALSE关键词: employed, assistant, August Wilhelm Hofmann定位原文:第 3段第 1、 2句“ At the time of Perkin’ s enrolment, the…” 在 Perkin 入学时,皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家 August Wilhelm Hofmann。
Perkin 的科学天赋很快引起了 Hofmann 的注意,不到两年他就成了 Hofmann 最年轻的助理。
解题思路:从这两句话中可以清晰地看出 Perkin 和 Hofmann 之间的关系,前者是后者最年轻的助理, 题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。
Question 4答案: TRUE关键词: rich and famous, still young对应原文:第 3段最后一句“ Not long after that, Perkin made…” 在这之后不久, Perkin 就取得一项能为他带来名誉和财富的科学突破。
解题思路:这里的“不久之后”,指的是 Perkin 成为 Hofmann 最年轻的助手之后,而成为助手是 Perkin 入学两年后的事情, 第二段最后专门提到 Perkin 入学时只有 15岁, 所以可以推测出 Perkin 作出这项发现时也就十八九岁。
经过这样的推断可知,题目的说法完全可以成立。
Question 5答案: NOT GIVEN关键词: only, quinine, South America定位原文:第 4段第 1句“ At the time, quinine …” 当时,奎宁是唯一可以治疗症疾的药物。
这种药物是从原产自南美洲的金鸡纳树的树皮中提炼出来的……解题思路:如果误把第一句中的 only 和第二句话结合,就很容易得出和题目一样的错误结论。
其实出题人的意图是说, 当时只有奎宁可以治疗疟疾 ; 而奎宁是从金鸡纳树的树皮里提炼出来的, 金鸡纳树原产自南美洲。
注意,这里出题人并没有说金鸡纳树只有南美洲才有。
文中的说法不足以让考生得出如题目“出产奎宁的树木只能生长在南美洲”那样的结论。
Question 6答案 : TRUE关键词 : a coal tar waste product, hoped to manufacture定位原文 : 第 5段第 2句“ He was attempting to … ”他试图利用苯胺这种廉价又易得的煤焦油废料来制造奎宁。
解题思路:这句话很清晰地表明, Perkin 的确希望用煤焦油废料产品苯胺来制造一种药物——奎宁。
此题难度很低,连动词 manufacture 都没有进行任何替换。
Question 7答案: NOT GIVEN关键词: Louis Pasteur, was inspired by定位原文:第 5段最后一句“ And, proving the truth of…” 正如著名科学家 Louis Pasteur所说, “机会总是垂青有准备的人”, Perkin 意识到了他的意外发明拥有巨大的潜力。
解题思路:出题人在这里引用 Louis Pasteur的名言来证明 Perkin 的成功绝非偶然,是他不断发现、不断试验的结果,但并没有提到 Perkin 是受 Louis Pasteur 的发明激发才有了自己的发明。
本题和第 2题在出题方式上有异曲同工之妙,都是让Perkin 和名人扯上了关系,而实际上这种关系文中并没有提到。
Question 8答案 : the rich关键词 : the colour purple定位原文 : 第 6段第 3句“ Indeed, the purple colour…”解题思路 : The rich 正好可以对应题目中 what group in society, 并且没有超过只能填两个字的字数限制, 故答案应为 the rich。
Question 9答案 : commercial possibilities关键词 : new dye定位原文 : 第 7段最后一句“ But perhaps the most fascinating…”解题思路:寻找题干中的关键字 new dye, 绕过沿途 synthetic dye的陷阱,很快就能找到定位句,锁定答案是 new dye 的宾语 commercial possibilities。
Question 10答案 : mauve关键词: name, finally, first colour定位原文:第 8段第 1句“ Perkin originally named his dye…”解题思路 : 在此题中, 考生需要注意题干中的关键副词 finally, 此题指的是Perkin的颜色最终被叫做什么,而不是起初被叫做什么。
题干中的 be referred to as 是雅思阅读中经常出现的用法,等同于 be known as / be named as / be defined as, 意为“被称为…”答案是 mauve 。
Question 11答案 : Robert Pullar关键词 : the name of the person, consulted, before setting up定位原文 : 第 8段的第 2句“ He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar,...”解题思路 : 本段提到 Perkin 在建立工厂之前,曾经征询苏格兰染料坊的老板Robert Pullar 的意见,在得到 Robert Pullar的建议之后,才开始建立自己的工厂。
这里不要将 Robert Pullar和 Hofmann 混淆,因为本段后半部分也提到了 Perkin 的恩师Hofmann 。
Hofmann 是强烈反对 Perkin 这么做的。
故本题答案是 Robert Pullar。
Question 12答案: France关键词: what country, first定位原文:第 9段第 2、 3句“ Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal…”解题思路:此句话明确指出在 Perkin 的工厂首度造出了第一支人工合成材料后, 法国皇后 Eugenie 十分喜爱这种新颜色,于是 Perkin 的染料坊进入了它的商业繁荣期。
故答案是 France 。
Question 13答案: malaria关键词: disease, now, synthetic dyes定位原文:第 10段最后一句“ And, in what would have been…”解题思路:寻找关键词 synthetic dye时,可能会被 microbes, bacteria, tuberculosis, cholera, anthrax 所迷惑。
但是要注意的是都没有出现时间状语 now 。
再继续向下寻找,就会发现 today, current等字眼,这说明这里才是真正的考点所在。
仔细读这个句子不难发现, malaria(疟疾才是正确答案。
Passage 2Question 14答案 : iv关键词 : assumptions, underlying定位原文 : B段第 1句“ In discussing whether we are alone, most…”解题思路 : 这句明确表明 SETI 科学家在搜寻外星人时遵循两个基本原则。
Ground 相当于题目中的 underlying, rules相当于题目中的 assumptions,接下来的文字叙述两个原则分别是什么。
考生从首句可以很明确地判断出正确答案是 iv 。
个别考生可能会看到 second 后面句子中的 assumption —词, 进而看到 a life form,就认为答案是 vi ,这种选择显然是以偏概全的,是不正确的。
段意必须能够涵盖一整段内容,而不是某个部分或者某句话的内容。
因此本题答案是 iv 。
Question 15答案 : vii关键词 : likelihood of, lives, other planets定位原文 : C段第 3句的后半句“… ; in fact, the best educated guess…”解题思路 : 这一段是无法仅仅从首句就判断答案的, 需要读举例的内容, 甚至读完整段, 出题人不断用 guess, estimate, perhaps, might这样的词来印证题干中的likelihood一词。
Question 16答案: i关键词: radio signals, from定位原文: D段第 1、 2句“ An alien…It turns out…”解题思路 : 本段是文中首次正式提出搜寻外星生命的方法, radio waves 一词不断被重复。
Looking for 相当于题目中的 seeking, radio waves 相当于 radio signals,所有剩余 headings 中只有 i 和 ii 谈到了 radio signals,从逻辑上推测不可能是 ii ,因为只有先搜寻外星信号,才可能谈到作回应的事情。