剑桥雅思9阅读解析汇报test3

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剑桥雅思9真题及解析阅读Test3

剑桥雅思阅读真题答案：Question1—8：Y、N、Y、NG、Y、Y、N、YQuestion9—12：H、F、A、CPassage1整体分析体裁说明文题材语言学主题介绍两个语言学派的观点和态度段落概括第一段背景介绍：语言的普及性导致人们容易对其持有不同的看法第二段语言在社会各方面的影响第三段语言学派“规范主义”的观点第四段规范主义依赖于严格的语法规则及其目的第五段另一个语言学派“描写主义”的观点和态度第六段两个学派的现状及他们对彼此的误解雅思阅读重点词汇第一段objective adj.客观的debate n.争论，辩论linguistic adj.语言的，语言学的deteriorate v.衰退；恶化，变坏第二段criticise v.批评，批判social status社会地位exempt adj.被免除的，被豁免的identity n.身份；同一性第三段prescriptivism n.规范主义literature n.文学deviation n.背离be imposed on被强加于……之上adherent n.追随者第四段principle n.原则chaos n.混乱reliance n.依赖avoid v.避免beneath prep.在……之下dispute n.争论accurately adv.准确地，精确地alternative n.供代替的选择第五段motivate v.激发variation n.变化，改变第六段opposition n.反对valid adj.有效的advocate n.提倡者，支持者logic n.逻辑analysis n.分析diversity n.多样性halt v.停止，阻止original adj.最初的；独创的legislation n.立法；法律extreme adj.极端的考题精解Questions 1-8题型：判断题YES/NO/NOT GIVEN解析：判断题一般都是有顺序的，确定了第一道题的原文定位后，可以向后查找其他题目的答案。

剑桥雅思真题解析阅读9（test3）

剑桥雅思真题解析阅读9(test3)雅思阅读部分一直都是中国考生比较重视的题目，并且也是很有难度的题目，针对于雅思阅读真题资料也是大家需要重点分析的。

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剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticised. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference topronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly’; deviations fr om it are said to be ‘incorrect’.All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the la nguage. The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterized by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed’, to be learnt and followed accurately; others are ‘proscribed’, to be avoided. In this early period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them.These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe —to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, wealready find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’. Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis.In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and ‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms —of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.2 People feel more strongly about language education than about small differences in language usage.3 Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language.4 Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy inthe 18th century.5 Prescriptivism still exists today.6 According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change.7 Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.8 Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented.Questions 9-12Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9______, there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ______.Conversely, the view of 11 ______, such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar should be based on 12 ______.A descriptivistsB language expertsC popular speechD formal languageE evaluationF rulesG modern linguists H prescriptivists I changeQuestion 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?A. to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries and grammar booksB. to present a historical account of differing views of languageC. to describe the differences between spoken and written languageD. to show how a certain view of language has been discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the futureA. Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tid es are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B. Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK’s power —and at prices competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea,and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C. Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.D. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of wind generator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikelyto be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E. Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.F. One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 the location of the first test site15 a way of bringing the power produced on one site backinto Britain16 a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of energy17 mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industryQuestions 18-22Choose FIVE letters, A-J.Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?A It is a more reliable source of energy than wind power.B It would replace all other forms of energy in Britain.C Its introduction has come as a result of public pressure.D It would cut down on air pollution.E It could contribute to the closure of many existing power stations in Britain.F It could be a means of increasing national income.G It could face a lot of resistance from other fuel industries.H It could be sold more cheaply than any other type of fuel.I It could compensate for the shortage of inland sites for energy production.J It is best produced in the vicinity of coastlines with particular features.Questions 23-26Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.An Undersea TurbineREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Information theory-the big ideaInformation theory lies at the heart of everything —from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our livesA. In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realized that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometers from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.B. It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph for the NASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just ayear earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computer technology when still a student. While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes — any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately.C. This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’. The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false —which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, of the form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference —‘noise’ — intact.D. Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuine information. Information theory generalses this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free. This ratedepends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its ‘bandwidth’). The resulting limit, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given singal strength and noise leve. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up —‘coding’ — information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity —‘bandwidth’ — of the communication system being used.E. Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, and they have proved crucial in many technological feats. The Voyager spacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000 — and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. Other codes have become part of everyday life — such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes —which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.F. Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correction, however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous. Shannonshowed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to the design of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27 an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information28 an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted29 a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame30 details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information31 a detailed account of an incident involving information theory32 a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his researchQuestions 33-37Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS form the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe transmitted pictures of both 33______ and ______, then left the 34 ______.The freezing temperatures were found to have a negative effect on parts of the space probe.Scientists feared that both the 35 ______ and ______ wereabout to stop working.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ______ —but distance made communication with the probe difficult.A 37 ______ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light.The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place.Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passge 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 The concept of describing something as true or false was the starting point for Shannon in his attempts to send messages over distances.39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period is determined with reference to the signal strength and noise level.40 Products have now been developed which can convey more information than Shannon had anticipated as possible.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test3)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：对语言的态度对于语言进行系统、客观的研究并不容易。

可粘贴复制word版本的剑桥雅思9Test3

Test 3LISTENING SECTION 1 Questio ns ITOQuesti ons 1—5Complete the table below.Write OXE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.Questio ns 6-10Complete the table below.Write OXE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.SECTION 2 Questio ns 11-20Questio ns 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Winridge Forest Railway Parks idea for a theme park came from11 SimonA his childhood hobby.B his in terest in Ian dscape desig n.C his visit to ano ther park.12When they started, the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good・B the children weren t at school.C there were fewer farmi ng commitme nts.13Since ope ning, the park has hadA 50,000 visitors.B 1, 000, 000 visitors.C 1, 500, 000 visitors.Questio ns 14T8What is curre ntly the main area of work of each of the follow ing people?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct let ter, A-H , next to ques tio ns 14-18.Area of workA advertis ingB ani mal careC buildi ngD educati on al li nksE engine maintenanceF food and drinkG alesH staffi ngPeople14Sim on (the speaker) __________ 15Liz ________ 16Sarah17Du ncan18 JudithQuesti ons 19 and 20 Complete the table below ・Write ONE WORK AND/OR NUMBERS for each an swer.SECTION 3Question 21-30Complete the no tes below. WORDS AXD/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.Study Skills Tutorial~Caroli ne BenningStren gths:computer model! nglack of backgro und in formati onpoor 23skillsWrite NO MORE THAN TWORecomme ndati ons: Dissertati on topic: the• use a card in dex 21 22Next tutorial date:1Read all notes 2930 ______ JanuaryWeak nesses:SECTION 4Questions 31-40 Questi ons 31 and 32Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.The owners of the un dergro und house31A had no experie nee of liv ing in a rural area・B were in terested in en vir onmen tai issues・C wan ted a professi onal project man ager・32 What does the speaker say about the site of the house?A The land was quite cheap・B Stone was being extracted n earby.C It was in a completely un spoilt area・Questio ns 33-40Complete the no tes below・Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each an swer.The Underground HouseDesig nBuilt in the earth, with two floorsThe south-faci ng side was con structed of two layers of 33 ____________________Photovoltaic tiles were attachedA layer of foam was used to improve the 34 ___________________ o f the buildingSpecial featuresTo in crease the light, the buildi ng has many in ter nal mirrors and 35 ________ In future, the house may produce more 36 _____________________ t han it needsRecycled wood was used for the 37 _________________ of the houseThe system for processing domestic 38 _________ is organicEn vir onmen tai issuesThe use of large quantities of 39 ______________ in construction was environmentallyharmfulBut the house will have paid its ' environmental deb40 _ withinREADINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 1T3,which are based on Read ing Passage 1 below・Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study・ Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into in vective and polemic・ Lan guage bel ongs to every one, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high・ Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of lin guistic educati on.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be no ted and criticized・ No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: lin guistic factors in flue nee how we judge pers on ality, in tellige nee, social status, educati onal sta ndards, job aptitude, and many other areas of ide ntity and social surviva1・ As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked・In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an in here ntly higher value tha n others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech com muni ty. The view is propo un ded especially inrelati on to grammar and vocabulary, and freque ntly with refere nee to pronun ciati on. The variety w hich is favoured, in this acco un t, is usually a vers ion of the " sta ndardwritten language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken Ian guage which most closely reflects this style・ Adhere nts to this variety are said to speak or wri te correctly ; deviations from it are said to beincorrect •All the main Ian guages have bee n studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th cen tury approach to the writi ng of grammars and dicti on aries・ The aims of these early grammaria ns were threefold： (a) they wan ted to codify the prin ciples of their Ian guages, to show that there was a system ben eath the appare nt chaos of usage, (b) they wan ted a means of settli ng disputes over usage, and (c) they wan ted to point out what they felt to be com mon errors, in order to，・，improve the Ian guage・The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterized by its reliance onrules of grammar・ Some usages are prescribed , to be learnt and followedaccurately; others are proscribed , to be avoidably peiWoi&ehere were nohalf-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammaria n not simply to record alter natives, but to pronounce judgeme nt upon them・These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that lin guistic sta ndards should be maintain ed. Nevertheless, there is an alter native point of view that is concerned less with sta ndards tha n with the facts of lin guistic usage・This approach is summarized in the stateme nt that it is the task of the grammaria n to describe, not prescribe-to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluati ng Ian guage variati on or halt ing Ian guage cha nge・ In the sec ond half of the 18th cen tury, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudime nts of En glish Grammar (1761) in sists that ' the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis・In our own time, the opposition between descriptivists and prescriptivistsbecome extreme, with both sides painting un real pictures of the other・ Descriptive grammaria ns have bee n prese nted as people who do not care about sta ndards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid・ Prescriptive grammar!a ns have bee n prese nted as bli nd adhere nts to a historical traditi on. The oppositi on has eve n bee n prese nted in quasi-political terms --------- of radical liberalism vs elitist con servatism.Questio ns 1一8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your an swer sheet, writeYES if the stateme nt agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the stateme nt con tradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1There are un dersta ndable reas ons why argume nts occur about Ian guage・2People feel more stron gly about Ian guage educati on tha n about small differe nces in Ian guage usage. 3Our assessment of a person s intelligenee is affected by the way he or she uses Ian guage・4Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century・5Prescriptivism still exists today・6According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change・7Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th cen tury・8Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have bee n misreprese nted.Questi ons 9T2Complete the summary using the list of words, AT , below・Write the correct let ter, AT , in boxes 9T2 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9 ___________ , there is only one correct form of language・ Linguists whotake this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ________ ・Con versely, the view of 11 _____________ , such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar shouldbe based on 12 ____________ ・Question 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet・A.to argue in favour of a particular approach to writi ng diet ion aries and grammar booksB.to prese nt a historical acco unt of differi ng views of Ian guageC・ to describe the differe nces betwee n spoke n and writte n Ian guageD. to show how a certai n view of Ian guage has bee n discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 14一26, which are based on Read ing Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUn dersea turb ines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the exte nt of the impact they may have, but all the sig ns are that they will play a significant role in the futureA. Operati ng on the same pr in ciple as wind turb in es, the power in sea turb inescomes from tidal curre nts which tur n blades similar to ships propellers, but, un like wind, the tides are predictable and the power in put is con sta nt. The tech no logy raises the PROSPECT of Britai n beco ming self-sufficie nt in ren ewable en ergy and drastically reduci ng its carb on dioxide emissi on s. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Brita in would be able to close gas, coal and nu clear power pla nts and export ren ewable power to other parts of Europe・Un like wind power, which Brita in origi nally developed and the n aba ndoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export ear ner to isla nd n ati ons such as Japa n and New Zeala nd.. ............................................................... ,B・ Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK s powend at prices competitive with modern gas turbines andun dercutt ing those of the already ail ing nu clear in dustry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk・ Other sites identified in elude the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotia nd, particularly the cha nnel betwee n Campbeltow n and Norther n Irela nd.C・ Work on desig ns for the new turb ine blades and sites are will adva nee at theUniversity of Southampton s sustainable energy research group. The first stationis expected to be in stalled off Lynm outh in Devon shortly to test the tech no logy in a ven ture join tly fun ded by the departme nt of Trade and In dustry and the Europea n Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampt on research, said：' The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and con sta nt・ The tech no logy for deali ng with the hostile sali ne en vir onment un der the sea has bee n developed inthe North Sea oil in dustry and much is already known about turb ine blade desig n, because of wind power and shippropellers・ There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms・S outhampton has been awarded £ 215,000 over three years todevelop the turb ines and is work ing with Marine Curre nt Turb in es, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project・EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are betwee n isla nds or around heavily inden ted coasts where there are strong tidal curre nts・D・ A marine turb ine blade n eeds to be only one third of the size of wind gen erator to produce three times as much power・The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required・ Un like wi nd power, there are un likely to be en vir onmen tai objecti ons・ Fish and other creatures are though uni ikely to be at risk from therelatively slow-tur ning blades・ Each turbi ne will be moun ted on a tower which wi11 connect to the n ati onal power supply grid via underwater cables・ The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipp ing, and also be desig ned to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clea n seaweed from the blades・E・ Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alder ney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than n eeded for the Channel Isla nds and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channe1.F・ One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles・ These can cause vibrati on and damage the blades of theturbines・ Dr Bahaj said：' We have to test a number of blade types to avoid thishappe ning or at least make sure it does not damage the turb ines or reduce performa nee・ Ano ther slight concern is submerged debris float ing into the blades・So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turb ines robust because the sea is a hostile en vir onment, but all the sig ns that we can do it are good・Questio ns 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A~F ・Which paragraph contains the followi ng in formati on?Write the correct letter, A~F , in boxes 14一17 on your answer sheet・NB You may use any letter more tha n once・14the location of the first test site15 a way of bri nging the power produced on one site back into Brita in16 a reference to a previous attempt by Brita in to find an alter native source of en ergy17men ti on of the possibility of appl ying tech no logy from ano ther in dustryQuesti ons 18~22Choose FIVE letters, A-J・Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your an swer sheet・Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?A It is a more reliable source of en ergy tha n wind power・B It would replace all other forms of en ergy in Brita in.C Its in troduct ion has come as a result of public pressure・D It would cut down on air pollution.E It could con tribute to the closure of many exist ing power stati ons in Brita in.F It could be a means of in creas ing n ati onal in come・G It could face a lot of resista nee from other fuel in dustries・H It could be sold more cheaply tha n any other type of fue 1・I It could compensate for the shortage of inland sites for energy production. J It is best produced in the vicinity ofcoastlines with particular features ・Questio ns 23-26Label the diagram below ・Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each an swer.Write your an swers in boxes 23-26 on your an swer sheet ・An Undersea TurbineWhole tower can be raised for 23 _________________ and the extract ion of seaweed from thebladesSea life not in dan ger due to the fact that blades are comparatively 24 ________Air bubbles result from the 25 ______________ behind blades ・ This is known as 26 ________________READING PASSAGE 3You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on Questi ons 27-40Read ing Passage 3 below. A.In April 2002 an eve nt took place which dem on strated one of the many applications of information theory. The spaceprobe, Voyager I, Launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Satut n and the n soared out of the Solar System on a on e-way missi on to the stars ・ After 25 years of exposure to the freez ing temperatures of deep space, the probe was begi nning to show its age ・ Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA expers realized that they had to do somethi ng or lose con tact with their probe forever ・ The soluti on was to get a message to Voyager I to in struct it to use spares to change the failing parts ・ With the probe 12 billion kilometers fromEarth, this was not an easy task ・ By means of a radio dish bel onging to NASA Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space ・ Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far bey ond the orbit of Pluto ・ Yet, i ncredibly, the littie probe man aged to hear the faint call from its home planet, andsuccessfully made the switchover ・ B.It was the Iongest 一distance repair job in history, and a triumph for the NASA engin eers ・ But it also highlighted the ,which are based onIn formatio n theory —the big ideaIn formatio n theory lies at the heart of everythi ng-from DVD players and the gen etic code of DNA to the physics of the uni verse at its most fun dame ntal. It has bee n cen tral to the developme nt of the scie nee of com muni cati on, which en ables data to be sent electro ni cally and has therefore had a major impact on our livesjust a year earlier・ Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michiga n, Shannon showed an early tale nt for maths and for buildi ng gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foun dati ons of computer tech no logy whe n still a stude nt・ While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed in format! on theory, but shunned the result ing acclaim ・ In the 1940s, he sin gle-ha ndedly created an en tire scie nee ofcom muni cati on which has since in veigled its way into a host of applicati ons, from DVDs to satellitecom muni cati ons to bar codes-a ny area, in short, where data has to be con veyed rapidly yet accurately・C・ This all seems light years away from the dow n 一to 一ear th uses Shannon origi nally had for his work, which bega n whe nhe was a 22-year-old graduate engin eeri ng stude nt at the prestigious Massachusetts In stitute of Tech no logy in 1939・ He set out with an appare ntly simple aim: to pin dow n the precise meaning of the concept of information ・ The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, iswhether somethi ng is true of false which can be captured in the binary un it, or bit , of the form 1 or 0. Having ide ntified this fun dame ntal un it, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place・ In the process he discovered somethi ng surpris ing： it is always possible to guata ntee in formatio n will get through ran dom in terfere neeno is tact・D. Noise usually means unwan ted sounds which in terfere with genuine in formati on. In formati on theory gen eralizes this ideavia theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise setsa limit on the rate at which in formati on can pass along com muni cati on cha nn els while remaining error-free・ Thisrate depends on the relative strengths of the sig nal and no ise travell ing dow n the com muni cati on cha nn el, and on its capacity(its ' ban dwidth )・ The result ing limit, give n insuofi bits per sec on d,is theabsolute maximum rate of error-free com muni cati on give n sin gal stre ngth and no ise leve・ The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packagi ng up' coding—' information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying withinthe in formati on-carrying capacity ' ban dwidth ' of the com muni cati on systembeing used・E・ Over the years scie ntists have devised many such codi ng methods, and they have proved crucial in many tech no logical feat ・ The Voyager spacecraft tran smitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every sin gle bit of information;the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10, 000-and stunningly clear pictures of the pla nets・ Other codes have become part of everyday life- such as the Uni versal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple errordetect ing system that en sures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price eve n on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps・ As rece ntly as 1993, engin eers made a major breakthrough by discover! ng so-called turbo codes-which come very close to Shannon sultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliable, and now play a key role in the mobile videoph one revoluti on.F・ Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information,by strippin g out superfluous ( ' redundant ) bits from data which contributed little. . . . < ， . ・real in formati on. As mobile phone text messages like I CN C U show, it is ofte n possible to leave out a lot of data without los ing much meaning・ As with error correcting, however, th ere s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous・ Shannon showed how to calculate this limit, ope ning the way to the desig n of compressi on methods that cram maximum in formati on into the mi nimum space・Questio ns 27~32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F ・Which paragraph contains the followi ng in formati on?Write the correct let ter, A~F, in boxes 27-32 on your an swer sheet ・27 an expla nati on of the factors affect ing the tran smissi on of in format! onan example of how unn ecessary in formati on can be omitted2829 a reference to Shannon s attitude to fame30 details of a machi ne capable of in terpret ing in complete in formati on31 a detailed acco unt of an in cide nt in volv ing in formati on theory32 a refere nee to what Shannon in itially inten ded to achieve in his researchQuestio ns 33-37Complete the no tes below.TWO WORDS form the passage for each an swer.in boxes 33-37 on your an swer sheet ・The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe tran smitted pictures of both 33 ___________ and __________ , the n left the 34 The freez ing temperatures were found to have a n egative effect on parts of the space probe ・Scientists feared that both the 35 ________ and __________ were about to stopworki ng.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ____________________ butdista nee made com muni cati on with the probe difficult ・A 37 ________ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light ・The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place ・Questio ns 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PassGE 3?In boxes 38-40 on your an swer sheet ，write TRUE if the stateme nt agrees with the in formatio nFALSE if the stateme nt con tradicts the in formatio nNOT GIVEN if there is n o i nformation on this38 The con cept of describ ing somethi ng as true or false was the start ing point forShannon in his attempts to send message over dista nces ・39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period isChoose NO MORE THAN Write your an swersdeterm ined with refere nee to the sig nal stre ngth and no ise level・40Products have now bee n developed which can con vey more in formati on tha n Shannon had an ticipated as possible・WRITINGWRITING TASK1You should spe nd about 20 minu tes on this task.Write at least 150 words・WRITING TASK2You should spe nd about 40 minu tes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reas ons for you an swer and in elude any releva nt examples from your own kno wledge or experie nee. Write at least 250 words・SPEAKINGPART 1The exam iner asks the can didate abo ut him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar to pics.EXAMPLETeleph oningHow ofte n do you make telepho ne calls? [Why/Why n ot?]Who do you spe nd most time talk ing to on the teleph on e?[Why?]When do you think you 11 next make a telephone call?[Why?]Do you sometimes prefer to send a text message in stead of teleph oning? [Why/Why n ot?]Describe a journey [e.g・ by car, plane, boat] that you remember wel1.You should say:where you went how you travelledwhy you went on the journey and explain why you remember this jour ney well. You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minu tes・You have one minute to thi nk about what you are going to say.You can make some no tes to help you if you wish・Discussi on topics:Reas ons for daily travelExample questi ons：Why do people n eed to travel every day?What problems can people have whe n they are on their daily jour ney, for example to work or school? Why is this?Some people say that daily jour neys like these will not be so com mon in the future・ Do you agree or disagree? Why?Ben efits of intern ati onal travelExample questi ons：What do you thi nk people can lear n from travelli ng to other coun tries? Why?Can travel make a positive differe nee to the economy of a coun try? How?Do you thi nk a society can ben efit if its members have experie nee of travelli ng to othercoun tries? In what ways?。

剑桥雅思9Test3 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：潮汐发电

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思9阅读TEST 3 PASSAGE 2译文,有需要延伸课外阅读的烤鸭，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage1参考译文：对语言的态度；剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 参考译文:信息理论——伟大的构想。

TEST 3 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：潮汐发电在水下安装涡轮机利用潮汐发电，将成为英国获得可再生能源的一个重要途径。

现在预测潮汐发电可能产生的影响还为时过早，但是种种迹象表明，未来潮汐发电将发挥重要作用。

A和风力涡轮机的运行原理一样，水力涡轮机的动力来自潮流，在潮流的作用下轮机叶片像船只的螺旋桨一样工作。

但是与风不同的是，潮汐是可预测的，而且其输人功率是恒定的。

这项技术为英国可再生能源的自给自足开辟了广阔的前景，同时也大大降低了二氧化碳的排放量。

如果潮汐、风力和海浪发电都能得到开发，那么英国就能关闭天然气、煤炭和核能发电站，并向欧洲其他地区出口可再生能源。

与之前开发风能有所不同一风能由英国首先开发，而后却搁置了20年，最后由荷兰将其发展成一个主要产业，这次通过向日本与新西兰这样的岛国出口水下涡轮机，英国将赚取巨额外汇。

B已经确定选址的潮汐发电站将为英国提供六分之一甚至更多的电力，而且其价格与现代汽轮机发电价格相比更具竞争力，同时可以使已经深陷困境的核工业的核能价格降低。

仅仅是位于奥克尼岛和苏格兰大陆之间的彭特兰湾的一个潮汐发电站，其水下的数排涡轮机就能提供英国所需10%的电量。

另一个位于海峡群岛内奥尔德尼岛的发电站，其装机容量是英国最大、最新核电站装机容量的三倍，而这一位于萨福克郡的赛兹韦尔B核电站的最大装机容量达到1,200兆瓦。

其他已经确定的潮汐发电站选址包括布里斯托尔海峡和苏格兰西海岸，特别是位于坎贝尔敦与北爱尔兰之间的海峡。

C南安普敦大学的可持续能源研究小组在新涡轮机叶片的设计和潮汐发电站的选址方面的工作进行得很顺利。

第一个潮汐发电站预计很快将在德文郡的林茅斯海岸建立，用来检测贸易与工业部和欧盟的一个合资项目研发的技术。

剑9 Test3 Reading passage 3解析

sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers.（C段第4 句）
be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.（D段最后一句）
定位词：raise，extraction
答案：maintenance
题目解析题干中fish and other creatures就是sea life, unlikely to be at risk替换了not in danger。
定位词：another industry，applying technoligy 答案：C
题目解析题干中的wind power在A段出现得比较多，仔细阅读便能发现跟题干相似的意思——
wind在此句中以原形出现，而reliable被替换为predictable和constant。
（A段第一句）
从解析来看很多答案出现在某段的段首或段尾不妨我们以后可以在理解文章大意的基础上再去这些地方寻找到答案能节省不少时间
Reading Passage 2
全文概括：潮汐能（Tidal Power）对于英国的作用及重要性，还有关于潮汐能的介绍。题型：Question 14-17是段落信息匹配题
Question 18-22是多选题
定位词：location，first 答案：C
题目解析题干中说的是一种把生产在某处的能源带回英国的方式，很明显能对应到E段。

雅思9text3section4

高中化学教学中绿色化学理念的渗透研究摘要】在教育快速发展的今天，很多地方的高中化学教学，都开始转为绿色化学教学的方向，希望由此来更好的培养学生的绿色环保意识，让学生在应用化学知识的过程中，或者是日常生活中，都坚持环保为主，减少各种污染、浪费的现象。

从客观的角度来分析，高中化学教学涉及到的知识点较多，能够为绿色化学理念的渗透，提供较多的帮助。

文章就此展开讨论，并提出合理化建议。

【关键词】高中；化学；绿色；理念；渗透前言：高中化学教学在现阶段的开展中，基本上可以从学生的角度来出发，各个方面的教学任务都按时完成。

但在很长的时间里，教师忽视了绿色化学理念的渗透，这就对学生的将来发展和社会建设造成了较大的影响。

通过在高中化学教学阶段，有效的渗透绿色化学理念，能够为长远的发展提供支持。

一、高中化学教学的特点经过多次的教育改革以后，我国现阶段的高中化学教学，已经形成了较为健全的教学体系，在知识的教育上和能力的把握上，基本上都可以得到健全的成果。

分析认为，高中化学教学的特点主要是集中在以下几个方面：第一，教学内容广泛。

在以往的教学工作中，高中化学的知识点比较固定，每一届的学生都学习到相同的知识，在教材方面的改善也不明显，以至于很多学生对绿色化学理念根本不了解，在日常生活中也没有将化学知识更好的运用。

现如今，化学知识达到了宽泛性的特点，能够深入的联合学生日常生活，在很多方面都达到了“学以致用”的特点，告别了以往的错误教学[1]。

第二，高中化学教学在开展的过程中，会通过灵活的手段来执行，基本上不会局限在传统的灌输式教学上。

现下的很多学生视野比较开阔，同时针对学习的观点存在很大的不同看法，运用多元化的教学手段，能够帮助学生取得更好的进步，减少对思想上的束缚，从而在将来的人才培养上取得更多的帮助。

二、高中化学教学中绿色化学理念的渗透（一）将绿色化学理念渗入课堂教学中在高中阶段，化学知识的教育多半集中在课堂当中，学生需要汲取的知识量比较庞大。

剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 参考译文：信息理论

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 阅读译文,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test3阅读Passage3答案解析。

TEST 3 PASSAGE 3 参考译文：信息理论——伟大的构想从根本上说，信息理论是一切事物的中心——从DVD播放器、DNA遗传密码，到宇宙物理学。

一直以来信息理论对通信科学的发展都极为重要，它使数据可以电子化传送，因而也对我们的生活产生了重大影响。

A 2002年4月发生的一件事展现了信息理论的一大应用。

1977年发射的太空探测器“旅行者1号”发回了木星和土星的壮观照片，然后飞出太阳系开始它的单程旅行，飞往其他恒星执行任务。

25年来，“旅行者1 号”始终暴露在寒冷的深空中，它的性能开始逐渐衰退，传感器和电路已经接近崩溃的边缘。

美国宇航局专家意识到他们必须采取措施，否则就会永远和“旅行者1号”失去联系。

为了解决这一问题,他们的方案是给“旅行者1号”发去信息，指导它用备件更换已经出现故障的部件。

考虑到“旅行者1号”距离地球120亿公里之远，这并不是一项简单的任务。

信息最终通过美国宇航局深空网的无线电天线传送到了太空深处。

该信息虽然以光速传播，却还是花了11个小时才到达远在冥王星轨道之外的目标。

然而令人难以置信的是，这颗小小的探测器成功接收到了来自故乡星球微弱的召唤，并顺利地更换了零件。

B这是有史以来最远距离的修理工作，也是美国宇航局工程师的一大成功。

但是，这也突出显示了(信息)技术的惊人力量，这些技术由一年前(注：2001年)刚刚离世的美国通信工程师Claude Shannon研发。

.Claude Shannon于1916年出生于密歇根州的佩托斯基。

他少年时便展示出了在数学与制作小器械方面的天赋，而且在学生时期就在计算机的基础技术上取得了多项突破。

在贝尔实验室时，Shannon发展了信息理论，但他并不看重因此而获得的荣誉。

20世纪40年代，他一手创立了完整的通信科学理论，随后该理论得到了广泛应用，从DVD到卫星通信，再到条形码——总之，需要快速而又准确传送数据的所有领域都应用到了通信科学。

可粘贴复制word版本的剑桥雅思 9 Test 3

Test 3LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1—10Questions 1-5Complete the table below。

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 6—10Complete the table below。

Write ONE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer。

SECTION 2 Questions 11—20Questions 11—13Choose the correct letter， A， B or C.Winridge Forest Railway Park11Simon’s idea for a theme park came fromA his childhood hobby.B his interest in landscape design.C his visit to another park.12 When they started， the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good。

B the children weren’t at school。

C there were fewer farming commitments.13 Since opening, the park has hadA 50,000 visitors。

B 1，000，000 visitors.C 1,500,000 visitors.Questions 14-18What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people？Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A—H， next to questions 14—18。

剑桥9 test 3 p1 阅读解析

剑桥9 test 3 p1 阅读解析摘要：1.问题背景及要求2.观点一：兴建运动设施3.观点二：加大宣传力度，推行家庭健身4.观点三：兴建医院，提高医疗服务水平5.综合分析各观点6.提出个人看法正文：随着社会的发展，公共健康问题愈发引起人们的关注。

在这样的背景下，如何提升公共健康成为了一个热门话题。

在剑桥雅思9 test 3的大作文中，作者针对这一问题展开了讨论，其中部分人认为兴建运动设施是最佳途径，而另一部分人则认为还需采取其他措施。

首先，兴建运动设施的确是一个可行的方案。

在我国，许多人都有运动的想法，但却因为家附近没有合适的场地而不得不放弃。

如果政府能够投入资金，在城市中增加运动设施，如篮球场、足球场和健身房等，这将有助于激发大众的运动热情，从而提高公共健康水平。

此外，运动设施的普及还能培养人们的团队精神，促进社会交往，使人们在忙碌的生活中找到放松和乐趣。

然而，仅仅依靠兴建运动设施并不能完全解决公共健康问题。

另一部分人认为，我们需要采取更多元化的手段来提高公共健康。

例如，加大宣传力度，让公众认识到运动的重要性，培养健康的生活习惯。

通过各种媒体渠道，如电视、报纸、网络等，宣传健康知识，促使人们将运动纳入日常生活。

此外，推行家庭健身也是一种实用的方法。

随着科技的发展，家庭健身器材越来越多样化，如跑步机、健身球等。

人们可以在家里进行锻炼，节省时间成本，提高运动效率。

再者，兴建医院和完善医疗服务水平也是提升公共健康的重要途径。

当人们生病时，能够得到及时有效的治疗，有助于恢复健康。

同时，通过定期体检和关注身体状况，可以预防潜在的健康问题。

因此，在增加运动设施的基础上，我们还应关注医疗服务的质量，为公众提供更好的就医环境。

综合以上观点，我们可以发现，提升公共健康需要多管齐下。

兴建运动设施、加大宣传力度、推行家庭健身和提高医疗服务水平等措施均有助于提高公共健康水平。

然而，在实际操作中，我们还需根据各地区的情况和人群需求，制定有针对性的政策。

可粘贴复制word版本的剑桥雅思 9 Test 3

Test 3LISTENING SECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-5Complete the table below。

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Questions 6-10Complete the table below。

Write ONE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer。

SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-13Choose the correct letter, A， B or C。

Winridge Forest Railway Park11Simon’s idea for a theme park came fromA his childhood hobby.B his interest in landscape design.C his visit to another park.12 When they started， the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good.B the children weren’t at school.C there were fewer farming commitments。

13 Since opening， the park has hadA 50，000 visitors.B 1，000，000 visitors.C 1，500，000 visitors。

Questions 14-18What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people?Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter，A—H， next to questions 14-18。

剑桥雅思9 test3阅读真题词汇汇总

intact adj.完整的，未受损伤的
D段
interfere v.干扰
genuine adj.真实的
capacity n.容量
ravage n.毁坏，破坏
cope with处理，应对
E段
devise v.设计，发明
revolution n.革命
feat n.功绩，壮举
F段
strip v.剥去，脱去
beneath prep.在……之下
dispute n.争论
accurately adv.准确地，精确地
alternative n.供代替的选择
第五段
motivate v.激发
variation n.变化，改变
advocate n.提倡者，支持者
logic n.逻辑
analysis n.分析
diversity n.多样性
halt v.停止，阻止
original adj.最初的；独创的
legislation n.立法；法律
第六段
opposition n.反对
valid adj.有效的
extreme adj.极端的
C9T3R2 Tidal Power
A段
turbine n,涡轮
current n.（水，气，电）流
constant adj.恒定的，经常的
C9T3R1 Attitude to Language
第一段
objective adj.客观的
debate n.争论，辩论
linguistic adj.语言的，语言学的
deteriorate v.衰退；恶化，变坏
第二段
criticise v.批评，批判
social status社会地位

剑桥雅思9阅读解析test

Passage1Question 1答案： FALSE关键词： Michael Faraday the first person定位原文: 第2段第2句“His talent and devotion…”他的老师Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱，鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。

解题思路: 从这句话很容易看出，Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现Perkin化学天赋的人，尽管文中没有用到the first person这样的确切说法，但是看完第二段就不难发现，这点的确是对的。

因此，题中的说法与文中的事实相反。

Question 2答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry，suggested定位原文：第2段第3句“Those speeches fired…” Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情，在1853年，15岁的Perkin成功进入皇家化学学院学习。

解题思路：这句话仅仅告诉我们，Perkin是在听了Faraday的讲座后，对化学的激情更加澎湃，进而考上了皇家化学学院，而并没有提到Faraday与Perkin进行直接接触或沟通，所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。

Question 3答案： FALSE关键词： employed, assistant，August Wilhelm Hofmann定位原文：第3段第1、2句“At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the…”在Perkin入学时，皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家August Wilhelm Hofmann。

Perkin的科学天赋很快引起了Hofmann 的注意，不到两年他就成了Hofmann最年轻的助理。

解题思路：从这两句话中可以清晰地看出Perkin和Hofmann之间的关系，前者是后者最年轻的助理，题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。

雅思9text3section4

题目：深入探讨雅思阅读考试要点1. 介绍雅思考试是全球范围内用于衡量非英语为母语的人士英语语言水平的标准化考试，其中阅读部分占据着重要的地位。

雅思阅读考试要求考生阅读各种类型的文章并回答相关问题，难度较大。

今天，我们将深入探讨雅思阅读考试的要点，帮助考生更好地应对考试。

2. 阅读技巧在应对雅思阅读考试时，考生需要具备一定的阅读技巧。

考生应该重点训练阅读速度和理解能力，这是阅读考试的关键。

考生需要掌握不同类型文章的阅读方法，例如文章的结构、重要信息和细节等。

考生还需要学会找准文章中的关键句子和段落，以便更快地定位答案。

3. 题型分析雅思阅读考试中的题型多样，考生需要针对不同的题型采取相应的解题策略。

考生可能会遇到填空题、匹配题、选择题等不同形式的题目，针对不同题型需要采用不同的解题技巧和方法。

在解题过程中，考生需要注意文章中的关键词和同义词，以便准确理解题目要求并找到正确答案。

4. 语言技巧雅思阅读考试要求考生在有限的时间内理解和分析英文文章，因此考生需要具备一定的英文语言技巧。

在备考阶段，考生应该注重积累英文词汇和短语，提高语言理解和表达能力。

考生还需要掌握英文语法和句型结构，以便更好地理解文章内容和准确回答问题。

5. 总结与展望雅思阅读考试对考生的语言能力和阅读技巧提出了较高的要求，因此考生需要在备考过程中深入掌握阅读技巧、题型分析和语言技巧。

在实际考试中，考生应该注重细节，有针对性地解题，并不断提高英文阅读能力和解题水平。

希望考生能够通过努力和实践，取得理想的成绩，为未来的学习和职业发展打下良好的基础。

个人观点：在我看来，雅思阅读考试是对考生英文阅读能力和解题能力的全面考核，备考阅读考试需要不断练习和提高。

我建议考生在备考过程中注重考试要点的掌握，多做模拟试题和真题，不断总结经验，提高自身的应试能力。

以上是对雅思阅读考试要点的深入探讨，希望对考生备考有所帮助。

祝愿各位考生取得优异成绩！在上述内容的基础上，我们可以进一步探讨雅思阅读考试的具体解题技巧和备考建议，以帮助考生更好地准备和面对考试挑战。

可粘贴复制word版本的-剑桥雅思-9-Test-3

可粘贴复制word版本的-剑桥雅思-9-Test-3Test 3LISTENINGSECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-5Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Apartments Facilities OtherInformationCostRose Garden Apartments studio flatExampleEntertainmentprogramme:Greek__dancing___￡219Blue Bay Apartments largesalt-waterswimmingpool- just 1______metresFrom beach-near shops￡2752 _____Apartmentsterrace Watersports ￡490The Grand -Greekpaintings-3 ______ -overlooking 4______-near asupermarketand a disco5￡______Questions 6-10 Complete the table below.Write ONE WORK AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS Insurance Benefits Maximum Amount Cancellation 6 ￡______ Hospital ￡600. Additionalbenefit allows a7 ______ to travelto resort8 ______ departure Up to ￡1000.Depends on reason Personal belongings Up to ￡3000;￡500 for one 9______Name of Assistant Manager: Ben 10______Direct phone line: 081260 543216SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Winridge Forest Railway Park11 Simon’s idea for a theme park came fromA his childhood hobby.B his interest in landscape design.C his visit to another park.12 When they started, the family decided to open the park only whenA the weather was expected to be good.B the children weren’t at school.C there were fewer farming commitments.13 Since opening, the park has hadA 50,000 visitors.B 1,000,000 visitors.C 1,500,000 visitors.Questions 14-18What is currently the main area of work of each of the following people? Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 14-18.Area of workAadvertisingB animalcareCbuildingDeducationallinksE enginemaintenanceF foodand drinkG alesHstaffingPeople14 Simon (the speaker) _______15 Liz _______16 Sarah _______17 Duncan _______18 Judith _______Questions 19 and 20Complete the table below.Write ONE WORK AND/OR NUMBERS for each answer.Feature Size Biggestchallenge Target age groupRailway 1.2 km MakingtunnelsGo-Kart arena19______m2Removingmounds onthe track20______year-oldsSECTION 3 Question 21-30Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Study Skills Tutorial-Caroline Benning Dissertation topic: the 21______Strengths: ●22______●computer modelingWeaknesses: ●lack of background information●poor 23 ______ skillsPossiblestrategyBenefits Problemspeer group discussion increases 24______dissertationstend tocontain thesame25 ______use the 26 ______ service providesstructuredprogrammeLimited 27______consult study skills books are a goodsource ofreferenceCan be too28 ______Recommendations: ●use a card index●Read all notes 29 ______ Next tutorial date: 30 ______ JanuarySECTION 4 Questions 31-40 Questions 31 and 32Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.31 The owners of the underground houseA had no experience of living in a rural area.B were interested in environmental issues.C wanted a professional project manager.32 What does the speaker say about the site of the house?A The land was quite cheap.B Stone was being extracted nearby.C It was in a completely unspoilt area.Questions 33-40Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.The Underground HouseDesign●Built in the earth, with two floors●The south-facing side was constructed of two layers of 33______●Photovoltaic tiles were attached●A layer of foam was used to improve the 34 ______ of the buildingSpecial features●To increase the light, the building has many internal mirrors and 35 ______●In future, the house may produce more36 ______ than it needs●Recycled wood was used for the 37______ of the house●The system for processing domestic 38 ______ is organicEnvironmental issues●The use of large quantities of 39______ in construction wasenvironmentally harmfulBut the house will have paid its‘environmental debt’ within 40 ______READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference to pronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version o f the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly’; deviations from it are said to be ‘incorrect’.All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the language. The authoritarian na ture of the approach is best characterized by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed’, to be learnt and followed accurately; others are‘proscribed’, to be avoided. In this early period, there were nohalf-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them.These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe-to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, we already find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’. Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis.In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms —of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.2 People feel more strongly about language education than about smalldifferences in language usage.3 Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he orshe uses language.4 Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy in the 18th century.5 Prescriptivism still exists today.6 According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change.7 Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.8 Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented. Questions 9-12Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9______, there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ______.Conversely, the view of 11 ______, such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar should be based on 12 ______.A descriptivistsB language expertsC popular speechD formal languageE evaluationF rulesG modern linguists H prescriptivistsI changeQuestion 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?A.to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries andgrammar booksB.to present a historical account of differing views of languageC.to describe the differences between spoken and written languageD.to show how a certain view of language has been discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the futureA.Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in seaturbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the PROSPECT of Britainbecoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are alldeveloped, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, underseaturbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B.Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth ormore of the UK’s power-and at prices competitive with modern gasturbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry.One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainlandScotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newestnuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C.Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are will advanceat the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group.The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devonshortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by thedepartment of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because theflows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there arestrong tidal currents.D. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of windgenerator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required.Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections.Fish and other creatures are though unlikely to be at risk from therelatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warnshipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water formaintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E.Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there arepowerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.F.One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind aturning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration anddamage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 the location of the first test site15 a way of bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain16 a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternativesource of energy17 mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industryQuestions 18-22Choose FIVE letters, A-J.Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?A It is a more reliable source of energy than wind power.B It would replace all other forms of energy in Britain.C Its introduction has come as a result of public pressure.D It would cut down on air pollution.E It could contribute to the closure of many existing power stations in Britain.F It could be a means of increasing national income.G It could face a lot of resistance from other fuel industries.H It could be sold more cheaply than any other type of fuel.I It could compensate for the shortage of inland sites for energy production.J It is best produced in the vicinity of coastlines with particular features.Questions 23-26Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.An Undersea TurbineWhole tower can be raised for 23 ______ and the extraction of seaweed from the bladesSea life not in danger due to the fact that blades are comparatively 24______Air bubbles result from the 25 ______ behind blades. This is known as 26 ______READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Information theory-the big ideaInformation theory lies at the heart of everything-from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our livesA.In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the manyapplications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I,Launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter andSaturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors andcircuits were on the brink of failing and NASA expers realized that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. Thesolution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometers from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out in to the depthsof space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, andsuccessfully made the switchover.B.It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph for theNASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniqu4es developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computertechnology when still a student. While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science ofcommunication which has since inveigled its way into a host ofapplications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes-any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately. C.This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannonoriginally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious MassachusettsInstitute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’.The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whethersomething is true of false —which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, of the form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit,Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference —‘noise’—intact.D.Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuineinformation. Information theory generalizes this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free.This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noisetravelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its ‘bandwidth’). The resulting limit, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given singalstrength and noise leve. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up —‘coding’—information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity —‘bandwidth’—of the communication system being used.E.Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, andthey have proved crucial in many technological feat. The Voyagerspacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000-and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. Other codes have become part of everyday life-such as the Universal Product Code,or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, acrumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes-which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliable, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.F.Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storinginformation, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone textmessages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correcting, however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous.Shannon showed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to the design of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27 an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information28 an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted29 a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame30 details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information31 a detailed account of an incident involving information theory32 a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his researchQuestions 33-37Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS form the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe transmitted pictures of both 33______ and ______, then left the 34 ______.●The freezing temperatures were found to have a negative effect onparts of the space probe.●Scientists feared that both the 35 ______ and ______ were about tostop working.●The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ______ —but distance made communication with the probe difficult.● A 37 ______ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light.●The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place. Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PassGE 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 The concept of describing something as true or false was thestarting point for Shannon in his attempts to send message overdistances.39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period isdetermined with reference to the signal strength and noise level.40 Products have now been developed which can convey moreinformation than Shannon had anticipated as possible.WRITINGWRITING TASK1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and projections for 2050. Summarise the information by selectingand reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.WRITING TASK2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are requires.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Give reasons for you answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.SPEAKINGPART 1The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.EXAMPLETelephoning●How often do you make telephone calls? [Why/Why not?]●Who do you spend most time talking to on the telephone?[Why?]●When do you think you’ll next make a telephone call?[Why?]●Do you sometimes prefer to send a text message instead of telephoning?[Why/Why not?]PART 2Describe a journey [e.g. by car, plane, boat] that you remember well.You should say:where you wenthow youtravelledwhy you went onthe journey and explain why you remember this journey well.topic for one to two minutes. You have one minute to think about what you are going to say. You can make some notes to help you if you wish.PART 3Discussion topics:Reasons for daily travelExample questions:Why do people need to travel every day?What problems can people have when they are on their daily journey, for example to work or school? Why is this?Some people say that daily journeys like these will not be so common in the future. Do you agree or disagree? Why?Benefits of international travelExample questions:What do you think people can learn from travelling to other countries?Why?Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a country? How? Do you think a society can benefit if its members have experience of travelling to other countries? In what ways?。

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Passage 1Question 1答案： YES关键词： reasons, arguments occur定位原文: 第1段第2、3句“Popular linguistic debate... ”语言学上的普通争论通常会升级为谩骂和论战。

语言属于所有人，所以大多数人认为他们有权保留自己对语言的看法。

解题思路: 题干要判断对于语言的争论，原因是否可以理解。

原文陈述，语言属于所有人，大多数人有权保留对语言的看法，所以人们的观点会产生分歧是可以理解的。

题干与原文完全一致。

Question 2答案： NO关键词： language education, language usage定位原文：第1段第4句“And when opinions differ,…”而当看法出现分歧时，人们可能变得情绪激动。

语言用法方面的一点小事，就能像语言学教育政策中的重大问题一样很容易引起争论。

解题思路：题干要判断人们对待语言教育的态度是否比对待语言用法的态度更加强烈。

原文陈述，语言用法方面的一点小事都能像语言学教育政策中的大事一样引起争论，这说明对待语言用法与语言学教育政策的态度同样强烈。

题干与原文所述观点不一致。

Question 3答案： YES关键词： intelligence, affect定位原文：第2段第2句“No part of society or social…”所有社会组成部分或者社会行为无一例外。

语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力、社会地位、教育程度、工作能力以及许多身份与社会生存的其他方面。

解题思路：题干要判断使用语言的方式是否会影响人们对一个人智力的评估。

原文陈述，语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力……题干与原文完全一致。

Question 4答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： prescriptive, 18th century对应原文：第4段第1句“All the main languages…”解题思路：对所有主要语言的研究都是约定俗成的，尤其在18世纪对语法与词典的编写过程中。

用定位词定位到的这句话中没有提到书的价格髙低与否。

Question 5答案： YES关键词： prescriptivism, today定位原文：第5段第1句“These attitudes are still with…”这些态度现在仍然伴随着我们，并且引起人们对保留语言标准的广泛关注。

解题思路：题干要判断现在规定主义是否仍然存在。

原文陈述，这些态度现在仍然伴随着我们，题干与原文完全一致。

Question 6答案: YES关键词: descriptivists, language change, pointless, stop定位原文: 第5段第3句“This approach is summarized in…”该观点可以总结为：语法家的任务是描述而不是规定，是记录语言多样性的实例而不是试图完成评价语言的差异或阻止语言的改变这种不可能完成的任务。

解题思路：题干要判断对于描述派来说，阻止语言变化是否毫无意义。

原文陈述，语法家的任务……不是阻止语言的改变这种不可能完成的任务。

题干中阻止语言变化毫无意义=语法家的任务并非阻止语言改变这种不可能完成的任务。

题干与原文完全一致。

Question 7答案： NO关键词： after the 18th century, only定位原文：第5段第4句“In the second half of the 18th century,…”在18世纪后半期，我们已经发现了该观点的支持者，比如Joseph Priestley, 他在1761年编写的《英语语法入门》中坚持认为，“说话的习惯是最原始的、也是所有语言的唯一标准”。

解题思路：题干中出现ONLY, 所以主要判断描述主义是否只有到18世纪后才出。

原文陈述，18世纪后半期，我们已经发现了该观点的支持者，那就意味着在这个时间以前，已经有了描述主义的观点。

题干与原文陈述的时间有出入，不一致。

Question 8答案: YES关键词: descriptivists, prescriptivists定位原文: 第6段第1句“In our own time, the opposition…”在我们这个时代，“描述派”与“规定派”之间的对立经常变得很极端，双方经常互相误解。

解题思路: 题干要判断针对这两派的描述是否有失真实。

原文陈述，“描述派”与“规定派”之间的对立经常变得很极端，双方经常互相误解。

题干与原文完全一致。

Question 9答案: H关键词: correct form of language定位原文: 第3段第1句“In its most general…”;第3段最后一句“Adherents to…”就其最普通的意义而言，规定主义认为某种语言向来就比其他语言具有更高的价值……该语言的支持者其说话或者写作的方法被称为“正确的”方法，而任何偏差都被认为是“错误的”。

解题思路：原文中陈述，规定主义认为某种语言的说话或写作方法只有一种“正确的”方法，那么持这种看法的人就是规定派、规定主义者，把 prescriptivists带入空格中，解释为：根据规定主义者，语言只有一种正确的形式。

因此选H。

Question 10答案: F关键词： approach, grammatical定位原文：第4段第3句“The authoritarian nature of…”该方法对语法“规则”的依赖最能体现出其独裁的本质。

解题思路: 推崇规定主义的语言学家非常强调语法规则。

因此选 F。

Question 11答案: A关键词: Joseph Priestley定位原文: 第5段第4句“In the second half of the 18th century,…”解题思路: 在18世纪后半期，我们已经发现了该观点的支持者，比如Joseph Priestley。

由此往前找，找到这句This approach is summarised in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe--to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt theimpossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change.该观点可以总结为：语法家的任务是描述而不是规定，是记录语言多样性的实例而不是试图完成评价语言的差异或阻止语言的改变这样不可能完成的任务。

说明Joseph Priestley是描述主义者的代表。

因此选A。

Question 12答案： C关键词： Joseph Priestley, grammar定位原文：同上一题，比如Joseph Priestley,他在 1761 年编写的《英语语法入门》中坚持认为，“说话的习惯是最原始的、也是所有语言的唯一标准”。

解题思路： the custom of speaking = C popular speech, 即认为语法应该建立在通俗语言的基础上。

因此选C。

Question 13答案： B关键词： writer’s purpose定位原文：全篇主旨题，详见参见解题思路解题思路：选项A：争论的是编写词典和语法书具体的方式，原文中没有论述，只有第四段提到了grammars and dictionaries, 但不是作者的意图;选项C：描述口语和书面语的区别，这与原文也没有直接关系。

不过在第三段看到选项中的spoken language, 陈述如下：“The variety which is favoured, is…style.”这里提到的具有更高价值的语言通常指的是“标准”书面语言，尤其是在文学作品或最能体现这一特点的正式口语中。

这里提到的是细节，并不是意图。

因此只剩下在选项B、D中推敲。

选项D：展现对于语言的某种看法是饱受怀疑的，这不是通篇陈述的内容，构不成作者的写作意图。

所以按排除法选出选项B：通过历史实例展示关于语言的不同观点。

Passage 2Question 14答案: C关键词: first test site定位原文: C段第2句“The first station is…”第一个潮汐发电站预计很快将在德文郡的林茅斯海岸建立，用来检测贸易与工业部和欧盟的一个合资项目研发的技术。

解题思路: 题干中的first test两个词都直接对应这句话中的first...test; 而题干中的site对应原文的 Lynmouth in Devon, 表示测试站的地点。

Question 15答案: E关键词: back into Britain定位原文: E段第2句“The single undersea turbine farm…”解题思路: 仅仅这一个水下涡轮机群的发电量就远比海峡群岛所需要的电量还要多，其中大部分电量将运输到法国电网，然后通过水下电缆重新进入英国。

题干中的back into Britain对应原文中的...bere-imported into Britain via the…Question 16答案： A关键词： previous, alternative source of energy定位原文： A段最后一句“Unlike wind power which Britain…”与之前开发风能有所不同，风能由英国首先开发，而后却搁置了20年，最后由荷兰将其发展成一个主要产业，这次通过向日本与新西兰这样的岛国出口水下涡轮机，英国将赚取巨额外汇。

解题思路: 题干中的previous对应这句话中的Unlike...0riginany, 为了突出这次潮汐发电的前景，这句话提到了之前英国对风能进行尝试开发，但却半途而废，被荷兰发展壮大。

Question 17答案： C关键词： technology, another industry定位原文： C段第4句“The technology for dealing with…”应对海底恶劣盐渍环境的技术已经在北海油田工业中得以研发，而且人们对涡轮机叶片的设计已经有了很多了解。

解题思路：题目中的another industry对应这句话中的the North Sea oil industry，属于同义表达。

Question 18-Question 22答案: A, D, E, F,J (in any order)关键词： claims about tidal power are made by the writer定位原文：指定多选，参见解题思路解题思路: 选项A(A段第1句)题干中more reliable source of energy(更可靠的能源)对应这句话中的...are predictable and the power input is constant, 表明潮汐能源具备风能所没有的两个优点：可预测的，恒定的;选项B，过于绝对，不选;选项C，文中完全未提及;选项D(A段第2句)二氧化碳的排放量下降了，自然也减少了空气污染;选项E(A段第3句)题干中的 contribute to the closure of many existing power stations对应文中的…dose gas, coal and nuclear power plants…;选项F(A段最后一句)，题干中的 national income 对应原文中的 earner (意为 a business or activity which makes a profit);选项G、H、I，文中完全未提及;选项J(C段倒数第二句)题干中best produced in the vicinity of coastlines对应这句话中的The best sites are between...。

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