初中英语宾语从句讲解

宾语从句

一、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为：以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、已从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

1、that引导的宾语从句

由that引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，此时从句的成分齐全，句意明确，在口语和非正式文体中that 可以省略。

I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book.

We’re al l pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty.

Do you think (that) it will rain

We know (that) we should study hard.

2、whether或if 引导的宾语从句

Whether/if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成，其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序，从句前加上连词whether或if。

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(1) 可用whether/if的情况

通常whether/if引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。

I don’t know whether/if he’ll arrive in time.

I am wondering whether/if they would believe in me.

I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework.

(2)只能用whether，不能用if的情况

A、引导介词的宾语从句时

I’m thinking of whether we should go shoppi ng.

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I’m not interested in whether she’ll be invited.

B、与or not 直接连用时

I can’t say whether or not he will come on time.

I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.

I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.

C、宾语从句提前时

Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.

3、连接代词引导的宾语从句

宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。

Do you know who will teach us English term(作主语）

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Did you hear what she said（作宾语）

I don’t know whose the football is.（作表语）

Could you tell me which book is better(作定语）

4、连接副词引导的宾语从句

宾语从句可由连接副词when,where, how,why及“how+形容词/副词”短语等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语等，不可省略。

We didn’t know when you usually go to school.

I want to know where he bought this cup.

Can you tell me how I get to the bus station

Please explain why you were late for class again.

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“How+形容词/副词”短语主要有how old,how many, how much,how long,how

often,how far,how soon等。

Do you know how old your father is this year

二、重点考点

1、宾语从句的语序

无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导，引导词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。

I am wondering if you could help me.

He asked me when we should start out the next day.

Did you find out where she lost her car

2、宾语从句的时态

宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态，一般遵循以下原则：

（1）—

（2）主句为现在时态或将来时态时

主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响。

I know you don’t know what i think at all.

I know he didn’t tell you that he would come then.

I’ll let you know whether I’ll come or not directly I check my plan.

（3）主句为过去时态时

主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。

I only knew he was studying in a wester n country,but I didn’t know which country he was in.

He asked me if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he came in.

He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.

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