初中英语八大时态基本结构与标志词

八种时态基本结构与标志词

1、一般现在时：动词原形或三单(注意三单变化)

含义：①现阶段通常发生②客观真理③状语从句表将来（主将从现）

标志：always、usually、 often、sometimes、hardly ever、seldom、every day、in the morning (afternoon …)、on Sundays、once a week、from time to time、at times、once in a while等

例子：We go to school at six forty every day.

My brother reads a book once a week.

2、一般过去时：动词过去式（注意过去式变化）

含义：过去一次性发生了或经常发生的动作

标志： yesterday、last week、three days ago、the day before yesterday、in 1990 、in the 1930s、just now、those days、the other day、once upon a time、at birth、at the age of、one day、recently、when引导表过去的从句等

例子：I finished my work yesterday.

He went to New York ten days ago.

3、现在进行时：am/ is/ are + doing （注意V-ing 变化）

含义：此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作（注意：be always doing 表达抱怨或赞扬语气，不表示正在发生的动作）

标志：Look! Listen! now、right now、at the moment\ time、at this moment\ time

at present 、these days、It’s six o’clock..、Where is your father?

例子：Look! The boy is playing with a cat.

It’s eight o’clock . The Smiths are watching TV in the living room.

4、过去进行时：was/ were + doing

含义：过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作

标志：at six yesterday morning、 at this time yesterday、at that moment\time、then

from 7 to 9 yesterday morning、the whole morning last Sunday、when和while引导表过去的句子

例子： He was taking a shower at 11 last night .

They were cooking when the bell rang.(= While they were cooking, the bell rang.)

5、现在完成时 : have/ has + done （注意过去分词变化、三大区分）

(1)影响类

含义：过去发生，对现在有影响

标志：already （“已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）

yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还”用于否定句的末尾处)

never (“从不”用于中间处)

ever （“曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）

just (“刚刚”用于中间处)

before ("之前" 用于句尾）

once/ twice/ three times...

例子：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。

（2）持续类

含义：过去发生，持续到现在

标志：for (后加一段时间，如：for three days ),

since(后加过去的某一时间或过去时的句子，如：since 1998，since she left here、since then)

how long

in the last/past few years; over the years

so far= by now= until now

例子： She has lived in Fuzhou for three years. / since three years ago .

6、过去完成时：had done

含义：过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前的动作，即“过去的过去”

标志：until, before, by the end of, by the time + 过去时间/过去动作

宾语从句主过从过（当从句部分为完成类时态时）

例子：The class had already begun when I came to school.

He told me he had already passed the exam.,

7、一般将来时：①will + 原形②am/ is/ are + going to + 原形

其他表将来的结构：be doing; be (about) to do

含义：过去一次性发生了或经常发生的动作

标志：tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、next week、this month、this afternoon、at once=right away=in a minute in an hour、in the future/ in future/ from now on、someday\one day、soon、two weeks from now等

例子：He will go to see a doctor tomorrow.

I am going to play basketball next week..

She is coming back in an hour.

8、过去将来时：① would + 原形②was/ were + going to + 原形

含义：过去预计将要发生的动作

标志：宾语从句主过从过（当从句部分为将来类时态时）

例子： He said (that) he would visit the Great Wall the next day .

She told me (that) she was moving to France in two days .

判断动词时态的技巧：

1.根据时间标志词

2.根据主从句呼应；主将—从现（状从），主过—从过（宾从），要过都过（其他从句）

3结合语境（对话或并列句），综合判断。