广东省中考英语专题训练-阅读理解(含答案)

2020广东省中考英语专题训练
阅读理解
一
Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you, and self-driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves? Although it might sound a little far from you, living in a “smart” city like this could happen sooner than you think.
Great changes have taken place in towns that we have lived in for centuries, while completely new cities are being built. One such place is the city of Songdo. Every home there will have a “telepresence” system (远程遥控系统)—allowing users to control the heating and looks, take part in video meetings, and receive education, health care and government services. Around the city, escalators (自动扶梯) will only move when someone is on them, and offices and schools will all be connected to the system.
The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco. In fact, technology companies around the world such as IBM, Siemens and Microsoft are already in the business.
About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050, so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems. “Making cities smarter is one way out, and I think this will in turn make cities greener,” said Dan Hill, head of a research company.
()1. According to the text, living in a“smart”city ____.
A. is not a green way
B. will be far from you
C. will soon become true
D. is completely impossible
()2. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ____.
A. a city of the future
B. a meeting in Songdo
C. a plan to build a house
D. a report on public health
()3. Which company offers the great mind to build Songdo?
A. Cisco.
B. IBM.
C. Siemens.
D. Microsoft.
()4. Dan Hill thinks that making cities smarter is one way to ____.
A. drive people out of cities
B. control the world's population
C. develop his own company
D. solve the cities' coming problems
()5. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Future Education
B. Smart Cities
C. Government Services
D. Famous Companies
二
A new kind of burger is now popular in the United States. It looks and tastes the
same as any other burger. But
company behind the burger, Impossible Foods, uses peas and potatoes to make the
“beef”. They take coloring,
()1. People can use stem cells to grow the following meat EXCEPT ____.
A. chicken
B. beef
C. pork
D. mutton
()2. The “beef” burger is now popular in ____.
A. China
B. Japan
C. America
D. Britain
()3. Which is NOT the advantage of algae?
A. The price is low.
B. It grows quickly.
C. It is very healthy.
D. It tastes very good.
()4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. There are four steps to make lab-grown burgers.
B. “Beef” burger looks different from any other burger.
C. People use more water and land to make meat out of plants.
D. Algae has much less protein and oil than many other plants.
()5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. To advise people to eat more “beef” burgers.
B. To introduce some kinds of future foods.
C. To tell people how to make lab-grown meat.
D. To show why people should eat less meat.
三
People from north China are different from people in south China in many ways. For example, most people in the north tend (倾向) to prefer to eat meat, while southerners prefer vegetables. But where do these differences come from?
A study of over 140,000 Chinese people has shown that genetics (遗传学) might hold the answer. Scientists from BGI-Shenzhen, a gene study center in China, found that six genes can cause genetic differences between people from different parts of China. This is a result of natural choice, which leads to different eating habits.
According to the study, more people from north China carry the FADS2 gene than those from
south China. This gene helps to metabolize (代谢) fat in the human body. Therefore, people from north China are better able to digest (消化) meat and fat. This helps them live more easily in northern areas where there is more meat and fewer vegetables.
Moreover, the study also showed that people from the south are more immune (有免疫力的) to certain illnesses than people from the north. For example, malaria (疟疾) was once widespread in some parts of south China. So people’s genes changed so that they could better resist the illness. However, there are also downsides. People from the south are more likely to have a certain kind of blood illness. The gene G6PD, which causes this illness, is more common in people from the south than those from the north. It seems that nature has a way of balancing itself out.
()1. ______ cause people to have different eating habits.
A. Their genes
B. The weather
C. The food they grow
D. The houses they live
()2. According to the passage, FADS2 ______.
A. helps people put on weight
B. helps people digest meat
C. can help people live longer
D. can cause a blood illness
()3. From the passage, we know that people from the south ____.
A. don't carry the gene G6PD
B. are more immune to malaria
C. are less likely to get blood illnesses
D. have more healthy eating habits
()4. The underlined word “resist” might mean ____ in Chinese.
A. 抵抗
B. 治疗
C. 研究
D. 传播
()5. The passage mainly talks about ____.
A. why Chinese people prefer to eat meat
B. how people have different ways of digesting food
C. how genes can influence our habits and preferences
D. the progress Chinese scientists have made in studying genetics
四
Have you ever tried 3-D printing? A team of seven students from No. 34 Middle School in Zhengzhou, Henan, have won awards for their creative 3-D printing works. Two of the team's works took the top prize at the International Youth Innovation Design Competition, which was held in France this summer. One of their works had the theme “China's New Era (时代)”. The other work was an ancient Chinese palace, which they sent as a gift to local officials in Lille, France.
The team members learned how to print in their school's 3-D printing club. They took classes twice a week to learn 3-D printing. To make 3-D-printed items, they first draw a blueprint. Then, they use a computer to design models of the pieces they need. After that, they use a 3-D printer to print the pieces and put them together.
But knowing how to use the tools is just one part of mastering 3-D printing. One also has to have imagination. To show the theme “China's New Era”, they printed out items(项目) representing(代表) high-speed trains, bike sharing, cashless payment and online shopping. They placed these items around a dragon, which represented China. They made this work within just three hours, winning a national 3-D printing competition in China and later the international competition.
When they got to the international competition, they wanted to present something that represented traditional Chinese culture. They were inspired(得到灵感) by a trip to the Palace Museum. “When we saw the buildings there, we thought ‘that's it'!” said Zhang Jiuxing, 14. They took photos of the buildings and did a lot of research to make their 3-D-printed works more realistic. The students will continue to learn about this technology and make more creative things.
()1. Where have the students won the prize at the International Youth Innovation Design Competition?
A. In Zhengzhou.
B. In Henan.
C. In France.
D. In China.
()2. The underlined word “blueprint” in Paragraph 2 means ___.
A. 油画
B. 蓝图
C. 打印机
D. 蓝牙
()3. Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ____.
A. the importance of tools in 3-D printing competition
B. the importance of creation in 3-D printing competition
C. the importance of imagination in daily life
D. the importance of competition in daily life
()4. What did they do to represent Chinese culture in the international competition?
A. They had a trip to the Palace Museum.
B. They took photos and did a lot of research.
C. They made more creative things.
D. They made an ancient Chinese palace.
()5. Where can we read this passage?
A. In a newspaper.
B. In a novel.
C. In a notice.
D. In an advertisement.
五
六
七
2019 International Wild Bird Photo Competition
Every year, as part of the Bird and Nature Festival, an international photo competition dedicated (献给) to wild bird is organized. A selection of the best photos will be presented at the Crotoy during the event, which will take place from April 21st to 29th, 2019.
Deadline: November 30th, 2018
Who may enter: The competition is open to amateurs (业余爱好者) and professional photographers from all over the world.
Description: There are 5 categories open to photographers over 18 years old.
●Bird in its environment
●Fashion design
●Bird in danger
●Water games
●Mini-series
A special category is open to young photographers aged 15 to 17 years old (legal age as of November 30th, 2018 at midnight), with only one theme—Wild bird.
You may submit(提交) a maximum of 10 photographs.
Entry fees:
Photographers over 18 years old:$2 per photo
Young photographers aged 15 to 17 years old: free
Prizes:
●Grand Prize: $1,500
●1st prize in each category: $800
●1st prize for the category “Young Photographers” by material endowments(资助).
For more information：
Please visit /concours/enconcours-photo/ to learn more about the competition.
()1. The competition is dedicated to ____.
A. plants
B. pets
C. wild bird
D. wildlife
()2. ____ can join in the competition.
A. Only professional photographers
B. Only amateur photographers
C. Teens aged below 15
D. Both A and B
()3. Which category isn’t open to photographers over 18 years old?
A. Bird in its environment.
B. Wild bird.
C. Fashion design.
D. Bird in danger.
()4. Jack, aged 17, wants to submit five photos. How much should he pay?
A. $2.
B. $10.
C. $12.
D. Free.
()5. Which of the following order is RIGHT?
①The best photos are presented at the Crotoy.
①Photographers pay their entry fee.
①The best photos are selected out.
①Photographers take photos on the theme.
A. ①①①①
B. ①①①①
C. ①①①①
D. ①①①①
八
Attention! Little musicians and their parents …
City Music Center is now OPEN for fall registration!
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MUSIC TOGETHER
Our Music Together program is for mixed ages, including children from birth up to kindergarten(幼儿园). This nationally recognized program is for early childhood music development. Parents are expected to stay and take part as well, setting up a musical connection with their children in a very fun way. Music Together classes are helpful for us to provide musical experience for our children in class and at home, opening up a lifetime of music making.
Fall Session Info:
Tuition(学费): $165; Second Child Rate: $115(second child under 6 months old attend for free) Section 1: at 10:00 a.m., Tuesdays, Sept.13—Nov.15
Section 2: at 10:00 a.m., Saturdays, Sept.1—Oct.31
Section 3: at 7:00 p.m., Fridays, Sept.20—Nov.22
Jessica Allen teaches all of our Music Together classes.
Families will receive a CD, a download code(密码) to get the music online, a songbook, a booklet of information about the research behind the program, and more!
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MUSICAL DISCOVERY
Musical Discovery is an introduction to the principles(原则) of music, for ages of three to five. We will dance, sing, play music games and have a lot of fun as we learn. Our pieces of music will include children’s songs from around the world as well as old favorites.
Fall Session Info:
Tuition: $120 Teacher: Sarah Trouslard
Time/Day: 3:15—4:00 p.m., Mondays Dates: Sept.15—Nov.17
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Visit us online at to sign up (报名) for lessons and classes today.
()1. ____ can take part in Music Together program.
A. Middle school students and their parents
B. Little children and their parents
C. Middle school students and their teachers
D. Little children and their teachers
()2. 3-year-old Sandy and her 5-month-old baby brother have to pay ____ for Music Together.
A. $ 50
B. $115
C. $165
D. $280
()3. Mr. Johnson works on weekdays in October and he can take part in ____ of Music Together with his little son.
A. Section 1
B. Section 1 or 2
C. Section 2
D. Section 2 or 3
()4. In Musical Discovery program, kids ____.
A. can only sing children songs
B. can learn music in a fun way
C. can play any game they like
D. cannot hear foreign songs
()5. Readers of this poster may be ____.
A. parents of babies and kids
B. music fans of different ages
C. children from birth to 5 years old
D. teachers like Jessica Allen and Sarah Trouslard
九
Humans share Earth with many different kinds of wildlife. However, many of our animal friends may not be around for much longer.
According to the Living Planet Report released by the World Wildlife Fund(WWF)in October, populations of several animals, including mammals(哺乳动物), birds and fish, had fallen by about 60 percent since 1970.
As the report said, one of the biggest causes of wildlife loss is human activity. Three quarters of the world’s land has been affected by human activity. Many natural habitats have been destroyed to create farmland.
About 300 mammal species(种类)are dying out because humans are over-eating them. Another example is the industrial over-fishing of the oceans, The Guardian noted.
The challenge we face is to find ways to meet the needs of our growing population while
protecting the environment, the WWF said. It has called on world governments and businesses to make efforts together to protect people and nature.
The situation in China is not positive, either. According to a report by China Daily in November, Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) may be dying out. And there are now less than 500 green peafowl (孔雀) in the wild, CCTV reported in June.
To protect endangered animals, measures have been taken in China and progress has been made. For example, China has banned(禁止)the use of rhino horn (犀牛角) and tiger bones, as well as banned ivory trading, China Daily reported. It has also held some activities to increase public awareness(意识).
()1. What do we know from the Living Planet Report?
A. Animals are destroying natural habitats.
B. The human population is increasing.
C. Many animal species are dying out.
D. Humans and animals are equal in terms of their population.
()2. According to the passage, what leads to wildlife loss?
①creating farmland①over-eating of mammals①air pollution
①industrial over-fishing
A. ①①①
B. ①①①
C. ①①①
D. ①①①
()3. The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 is about ____.
A. the government
B. the population
C. the environment
D. the challenge
()4. The Chinese meaning of “positive” in Paragraph 6 is____.
A. 乐观的
B. 积极的
C. 严峻的
D. 糟糕的
()5. Paragraph 7 was written to show ____.
A. which animal species are endangered in China
B. how Chinese people deal with environmental problems
C. how to increase public awareness to protect animals
D. what efforts China has made to protect endangered animals
十
If you skip a meal, do you ever notice yourself starting to get angry or annoyed very easily? Well, this is often known as being “hangry” or being angry because you are very hungry.
But as it turns out, it's not just a funny phrase, but it is scientifically true! Scientists found this feeling of anger usually comes from having low glucose(葡萄糖)levels in the blood. Glucose is put into the body after you eat.
The brain also needs this to work correctly. When the body is low in glucose, the brain sends hormones(激素)to increase the amount of glucose in the body. Brenda Bustillos, a dietitian (营养学家) at Texas A & M University, the US, said, “Hunger leads to high stress hormones, which makes it hard to control our emotions.”
The brain even starts to feel like you are dealing with a life-threatening(威胁生命的)situation if you don't get enough glucose. Another problem is that the brain will also use neuropeptide (神经肽) to send a message saying you should eat. But this is the same chemical that manages anger.
Amanda Salis, PhD, University of Sydney, says that we may also be able to thank our ancestors for our hanger. Salis says that long ago when there was not much food, people had to be aggressive to eat as much as they could to get enough food to live. So even now when most people have enough food to eat, there is still that aggressive feeling toward needing food.
()1. If you are“hangry”, you ____.
A. get hungry because you are angry
B. get hungry easily when you are tired
C. get angry because you are hungry
D. get angry easily when you are tired
()2. According to the scientists, the feeling of anger usually results from ____.
A. low glucose levels
B. high blood pressure
C. low hormones
D. controllable emotions
()3. The underlined word “aggressive” in Paragraph 5 means ___.
A. 爱吵闹的
B. 有闯劲的
C. 善战的
D. 有见地的
()4. From the passage, we can learn that neuropeptide ____.
A. is a chemical that sends a message saying we are full
B. is a stress hormone that controls our emotions
C. is a chemical that helps us deal with hard situations
D. is a chemical that manages our anger
()5. The passage is mainly talking about ____.
A. the reasons for being angry
B. the results of staying hungry
C. the ways to control our emotions
D. the relationship between anger and hunger
十一
十二
十三
For a long time, a couple of Chinese parents were allowed to have only one child in order to control China's population. However, after China's two-child policy came out, the number of newly-born babies didn't rise rapidly as some experts expected.
The same situation does not happen only in China, but also in other countries. There has been a remarkable global decline in the number of children women are having, according to a study published in The Lancet. The study looked at birth trends in several countries from 1950 to 2017.
In 1950, women had an average of 4.7 children in their lifetime. The number was 2.4 children per woman in 2017. The researchers said that the findings were a “huge surprise”. This means that nearly half of the countries they looked at are now facing a “baby bust (婴儿荒)”. There are not enough children to maintain (保持) the countries’ population size, according to a report published by the BBC.
“As women have gotten more educated and participated more in the workplace, many women prefer to have fewer children. So there is no surprise that fertility has come down tremendously (非常地),” said study author Christopher Murray. “And it comes down faster in younger women.”
Getting married later in life is another factor. “The age at which women are getting married is increasing,” James Kiarie, coordinator for the World Health Organization, told CNN.
()1. Before the two-child policy, a couple of Chinese parents were allowed to have ____.
A. one child
B. two children
C. three children
D. four children
()2. According to The Lancet, the study shows that ____.
A. more women prefer to have fewer children
B. more women don’t want to get married
C. more women decide to give up working
D. more women want to make lots of money
()3. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the “baby bust”?
A. Women get more educated.
B. Women prefer to get married later.
C. Women want to have more free time.
D. Women participate more in the workplace.
()4. The underlined word “fertility” probably means ____ in Chinese.
A. 失业率
B. 离婚率
C. 犯罪率
D. 生育率
()5. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. China has a new policy.
B. Many countries face the “baby bust”.
C. There is a remarkable decline in the world's population.
D. A magazine published a study on the world's population.
十四
When throwing away waste, do you know which bin it should go in? Have you ever noticed the differently-colored bins on the street? Some of you might not be able to answer these questions. However, it's actually quite important to know how to sort (将……分类) your waste.
If you don't sort your waste, all of it will go to a landfill (垃圾填埋场) and be buried together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries (电池), can pollute the soil and groundwater. Other waste, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled.
With this in mind, many cities in China have been running waste-sorting activities. For example, Shanghai announced in July that within three years, all the people in Shanghai should sort their waste into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.
Wet waste is also known as household waste. They are things that you don't want but pigs can eat. Paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine and batteries. Finally, any waste that's not wet, recyclable or harmful will go into the “dry waste” bin.
Many other Chinese cities plan to use this method too. Now that you know this, perhaps you can do your part to protect the environment and encourage others to sort their waste.
()1. The underlined word “buried” probably means ____ in Chinese.
A. 掩埋
B. 焚烧
C. 分拣
D. 清洗
()2. What will probably happen if we don’t sort our waste according to the passage?
①Some waste will hurt animals.
①It will waste some useful things.
①Some waste will pollute the soil and groundwater.
①It will waste areas of ground to deal with the waste.
A. ①①①
B. ①①①
C. ①①①
D. ①①①①
()3. From the passage we know wet waste refers to the things ____.
A. that can be reused
B. that are sent to a landfill
C. that we don't want but pigs can eat
D. that are harmful to the environment
()4. Recyclable waste includes the following things EXCEPT ____.
A. paper
B. metal
C. glass
D. medicine
()5. What does the author mainly want to tell us?
A. We should avoid wasting things.
B. We should learn to sort our waste.
C. We should protect groundwater.
D. We should support waste-sorting activities.
答案
一CAADB
二DCDAB
三ABBAC
四CBBDA
五FEDAB
六BCEFA
七CDBDC
八BCCBA
九CBDAD
十CABDD
十一DBEGA
十二DCFEG
十三AACDB
十四ACCDB
21。