致水鸟
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Symbol
• 诗中power,he 象征着God • 水鸟象征着诗人本人 • 诗人对水鸟的困惑是他自身困惑的投射,而他最 根本的目的在于试图从水鸟的身上寻找解决困惑 的启示,因此他并未停留于追问,他要进一步找 到答案。 • 《致水鸟》一诗不过是诗人对自己宗教信念的一 次形象化的演绎。在诗中,神其实始终是在场的, 诗人最初的困惑只是来自信仰的迷失,当他突然 领会到神的在场时,整个世界便拥有了明亮的中 心,变得有序而和谐,先前迷惘的个体——包括 水鸟和诗人——都将各得其所,在神恩中领受自 己的命运。
• 从一地又到一地, 天空无垠,你的飞翔从无迟误; 愿引领你的向导把我引领, 孤单的长路中迈开永不偏离的脚步。
Theme
• Just as God guides the waterfowl to its summer home, so too He guides the speaker of the poem through life to his ultimate destination, heaven. In the end, one will be able to say about the speaker what the speaker says about the waterfowl: "the abyss of heaven / Hath swallowed up thy form" (lines 25-26). The poem is, in essence, a profession of faith in God.
Sound
• Bryant neatly divides the poem into eight stanzas, each with the same metrical structure and each with the same rhyme pattern: the last syllable of the first line always rhymes with the last syllable of the third, and the last syllable of the second line always rhymes with the last syllable of the fourth. (Lines 14 and 16 have different vowel sounds at the end “coast and lost”; consequently, the syllables containing them become a pararhyme“侧押韵”.) The use of iambs throughout the poem could be a way to suggest the flapping of wings.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
As, darkly seen against the crimson sky
Thy figure floats along
five iambic feet
three iambic feet
Poetic Diction
• Alliteration(押头韵): While, Whither (lines 1-2); depths, dost (line 3); their, thou, thy (lines 3-4); distant, do, darkly (lines 6-7) metaphor(暗喻): last steps of day (comparison of the day to a creature that walks). Anaphora(首语重复法): repetition of soon (lines 21, 22, 24). Anaphora is the repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of word groups occurring one after the other. Examples: (1) Give me wine, give me women and give me song. (2) For everything there is a season . . . a time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted.—Bible, Ecclesiastes. Personification(拟人法): The speaker addresses the waterfowl as if it were a person, saying it has taught a lesson; he also refers to other waterfowls as fellows (line 23). Anastrophe(倒置法): Like many other poets, Bryant occasionally uses anastrophe—inversion of the normal word order—as in While glow the heavens (line 2) and river wide (line 10).
Imagery
• 本诗主要以水鸟作为一种意象物,作者 选得非常精巧。换成其他可能出不来这样 的效果,因为水鸟要飞翔于天空,也要贴 近水面,只有它才能在天和地之间有更多 的空间,有更多的经历,才能把自身的复 杂经历浓缩在这小小的水鸟身上。 而且,诗中的意象大都是日常生活中常 见的如“夕阳”“青青的湖畔”“芦苇” 等。
作品风格
• 布莱恩特的立场交融了英国浪漫主义流派的冲动和 自身新英格兰保守的 宗教观点。他的一生是在宗教 上逐步摆脱加尔文主义、在政治上摆脱联邦主 义转 向统一派和杰克逊民主党人立场的一生。他深受蒲 柏、约翰逊等人文主 义理想的熏陶,在诗歌形式上 得益于英国自由派诗人。他师法拜伦、华兹华斯和 柯勒律治,将自己的心灵向生活敞开。他关于诗歌 的论述,在以后多年 一直是诗人用来衡量诗歌本质 及宗旨的标准。他认为诗歌是一种联想艺术,它用 象征而不是直接模仿生活的方法来激起读者的想象, 把握读者的感情,唤起他们满怀激情地去行动。他 与欧文一样,一生的主要贡献在于,从国外的浪漫 主义流派同龄人那里学到了自由,并在自己的国家 里,把文学运动从模仿引向了创新。
To a Waterfowl
Whither, midst falling dew, While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue Thy solitary way? All day thy wings have fanned, At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere; Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land, Though the dark night is near.
Rhythm
In each stanza, the poet uses iambic trimeter in lines 1 and 4 but iambic pentameter in lines 2 and 3. The second stanza illustrates this format: Vainly the fowler's eye Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong three iambic feet five iambic feet
William Cullen Bryant
• 威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特 (William Cullen Bryant,1794-1878年),美国诗 人和新闻记者。美国最早期的自 然主义诗人之一。作为美国首位 重要的自然派诗人,他经常被称 为“美国的华兹华斯”。布莱恩 特的作品受华兹华斯的影响,不 过,他所描述的是美国有代表性 的鸟语花香和其他自然美景。如 果说欧文为美国的短篇小说和散 文树立了浪漫主义样板的话,布 莱恩特则引导美国诗歌摆脱了古 典主义模式的僵硬束缚, 使之 进入了一个简朴清新的时期。
译文
• 你成天翕动翅膀, • 披着滴落的露珠, 天空灿烂,白日的行程就要结束; 疲乏中你不肯降落舒适的大地, 穿过玫瑰色的遥远空际, 即使黑夜即将紧闭它的帷幕。 你往何方把孤单的前程追逐? • 看你远远飞翔而无计可施, 捕鸟人的眼光徒劳眷顾; 满天红霞把你映衬, 暗黑的身影飘飘飞舞。 • 你是在寻找开阔的大河之滨, 还是波浪拍岸的水草之湖? 或者潮水冲刷的海滩, 那里的巨浪奔腾起伏? • 有上苍把你关照, 在无路的海岸为你指路-- 在荒漠和无边的空际, 你孤单的飘荡不致迷途。 • 你很快就会结束这样的劳苦, 你即将找到你夏天的住处; 休息中呼唤自己的伙伴, 芦苇也会躬身把你的窝巢遮护。 • • 你的身躯全被吞没, 天堂深渊里,你踪影全无; 然而你的启迪深深留在我的心底,
And soon that toil shall end; Vainly the fowler's eye Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest, Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong, And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend As, darkly seen against the crimson sky, Soon o'er thy sheltered nest. Thy figure floats along. Seek'st thou the plashy brink Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide, Or where the rocking billows rise and sink On the chafed ocean-side? There is a Power whose care Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,-The desert and illimitable air,-Lone wandering, but not lost. Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven Hath swallowed up thy form; yet, on my heart Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given, And shall not soon depart. He who, from zone to zone, Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, In the long way that I must tread alone, Will lead my steps aright.