福建高考英语模块六总复习

福建高考英语模块六总复习
Unit 1 Art
词汇部分
1)abstract adj. 抽象的、深奥的concrete adj. 具体的、凝固的
2)faith n. 信任、信任faithful adj. 忠实的faithfully adv. 忠实地
3)aim n. & v. 目标、目的；瞄准aimless adj. 漫无目的的aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地
aim at 瞄准aim at doing sth. = aim to do sth. 试图、力求做…
be aimed at doing sth. 目的在于（系表结构）
4)conventional adj. 传统的、常规的convention n. 常规、传统
5)evident adj. 明显的= obvious adj. evidence n. 证据
6)adopt v. 采纳、收养adoption n. 采纳、收养adapt v. 改编、调整
7)possess v. 拥有、占有possession n. 所有物、财产（多用复数形式）
take possession of 占有（强调动作）
be in possession of 占有（强调状态）be in the possession of 为…所占有
8)technique n. 技术、技巧technical adj. 技术的technically adv. 有技巧地
9)coincidence n. 巧合by coincidence = by accident 巧合地、偶然
10) a great deal of +不可数名词= a large amount of 许多
11)shadow n. 阴影shade n. 阴凉处shallow adj. 浅的narrow adj. 狭窄的
12)on one hand, …, on the other hand, …一方面，…，另一方面，…
13)predict v. 预言、预测foretell v. 预言foresee v. 预见forecast v. 预测
14)figure n. 画像、身材、数字v. 演算、领会到
figure out 计算出、弄明白That figures! 那就难怪了！That doesn’t figure! 那没道理！
15)scholar n. 学者scholarship n. 奖学金
16)contemporary adj. 当代的temporary adj. 暂时的、目前的
17)signature n. 签字、署名sign v. 签、做标志n. 标志、符号signal n. 信号
语法部分
1)influence v. & n. 影响（多指潜移默化的影响）
effect n. 影响affect v. 影响
2)consequently adv.因此= as a result = therefore，常做插入语，表因果关系
consequence n. 结果、后果consequent adj. 随之发生的、必然的
3) A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.
as it is / as they are / as it was…实际上、照原来的样子
As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 6 o’clock.
实际上，我们几乎不能在六点以前赶到车站。

Don’t touch anything in this room. Just leave everything as it is.
4) a great deal类似于a lot，可做副词词组，也可做代词词组
课文中的：In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal(adv.).
To our amazement, he knows a great deal(pron.) about China.
5)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
本句为一个表语前置的完全倒装句，正常的语序为：
The Impressionists, (who lived and worked in Paris), were among the painters (who broke away from the traditional style of painting). 括号内分别为两个定语从句。

6)scores of 许多，表示概数= dozens of，后接复数可数名词
数词+ score / dozen表示“几个20/几打”，后直接接复数可数名词，注意：此时score、dozen须为单数形式。

7)虚拟语气专项（详见专项知识点材料）
附：虚拟语气的知识构架：
if条件状语从句中；wish的宾语从句中；特殊句式
特殊情况：错综时间句；省略倒装；隐含时间
特殊句式简化形式：
…suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth. It’s important that sb. (should) do sth.
…would rather sb. did sth. It’s time that sb. did sth.
考点：
◆错综时间句（注意时间状语或任何有关时间的提示；若无时间状语则默认为现在）
◆隐含时间的短语形式：without / but for
◆虚拟语气对句子时态的暗示
◆混合虚拟语气（即虚拟语气与真实情况并存的句子，以but, otherwise, however连接）
课文部分
请熟背以下句子，注意划线部分：
◆As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text.
由于西方艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。

◆ A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were.
这个时期传统的画家对于如实地展现自然和人物不感兴趣。

◆During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。

◆People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。

◆When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.
当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景。

◆If the rules perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.
如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。

◆By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colors (used in paintings) <look richer and deeper>.
巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。

◆Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。

◆Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。

◆There scores of modern art style, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.
如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。

◆On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using color, line and shape to represent them.
一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。

Unit 2 Poems
词汇部分
1)poetry u.n. 诗（总称）poem c.n. 诗poet n. 诗人
2)emotion n. 情感、情绪emotional adj. 情感的、情绪化的
3)concrete adj. 具体的abstract adj. 抽象的
4)contradictory adj. 矛盾的contradict v. 反驳、抵触contradiction n. 矛盾
5)flexible adj. 灵活的、柔顺的flexibility n. 灵活性flex v. 弯曲、折弯
6)take it easy 放轻松、别紧张take one’s time 不着急、慢慢来
7)run out of 用完（后接宾语）run out 耗尽（多指某物耗尽，后不接宾语）
run out of = use up
I have run out of my money. = I have used up my money. = My money has run out.
8)minimum n. 最小量maximum n.&adj. 最大量；最大的
9)eventually adv. 最后、终于finally adv. at last in the end
10)transform v. 转化、改造transformation n. 转化、变化
11)bare adj. 赤裸的barely adv. 仅仅、几乎没有bareness n. 赤裸
barefaced adj. 抛头露面的、公然的、厚颜无耻的barefoot adj. 赤脚的
12)darkness n. 黑暗dark n. 黑暗、黄昏时分at dark 在傍晚、天黑时
13)let out 发出、放走let go! 放开！let off 宽恕let in 允许进入
14)load n. 负担v. 装载download v. 下载upload v. 上传
语法部分
1)various adj. 多种多样的vary v. 异于variety n. 种类、多样性 a variety of = varieties
of 多种多样的
2)Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong
impression.
当way（方式、方法）用做定语从句修饰的先行词时，首先要考虑的是该定语从句是否缺少主要成分（即主语、宾语或表语），若缺少，则须用关系代词；若不缺少，则可以选择以下三个中的一个做引导词：that / in which /不填。

（例子见S.J.J.B.难句剖析）
3)delight v. 使…高兴make sense 说得通、有意义make sense of 弄明白
4)Some rhyme while others do not. while译为“然而”，表转折关系。

辨析：while / when / as
三个词都为连词，意为“当…时”，连接同时进行的两个动作。

◆while有本身独特的含义“然而”，表示主句和从句动作上的对比：
Mom is busy cooking in the kitchen while Dad is watching TV.
while可连接同时进行的两个动作或同时存在的状态：
Can you fetch me some stamps while you are in the post office?
◆when还可以连接前后相连的两个动作，意为“就在那时”，并有较为固定的句式：
…be doing… when…
…be about to do…when…
…be on the point of doing… when…
…had done… when…
◆不同于while，as只能引导同时进行的动作：
As she left the room, she remembered that book.
5)虚拟语气考点、重点：
◆错综时间句
即在if条件句中，主句虚拟的情况和从句虚拟的情况在时间上不一致，例见S.J.J.B.
注：更重要的是虚拟语气和真实情况的同时存在，常用but、otherwise、however连接：
I would have passed the final examination, however, I didn’t work hard enough.
下划线的句子就是真实情况，它是由虚拟语气的从句转变而来：
I would have passed the final examination if I had worked hard enough.
◆蕴含时间句
这一类的从句常简化成without、with、but for（要不是、要没有）引导的短语
◆as if / as though和if only后引导的句子用虚拟语气
If it were not for…（要不是、要没有）句式
课文部分
请熟背以下句子，注意划线部分：
1)There are various reasons why people write poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe
something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.
人们写诗有着各种各样的原因。

有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。

2)The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme,
have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.
童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多重复。

3)The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and
recite.
童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至有的看起来自相矛盾，但是他们容易学和背诵。

4)By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。

5)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a
rhythm to the poem.
清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。

6)With these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words.
用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。

7)It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling
using the minimum of words.
俳句诗容易些，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的情感。

8)With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to
write poems of their own.
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。

Unit 3 A Healthy Life
词汇部分
1)cigar n. 雪茄cigarette n. 香烟
2)alcohol n. 酒精，酒alcoholic adj. 酒精的workaholic n. 工作狂
3)abuse n. & v. 滥用、虐待drug abuse 吸毒alcohol abuse 酗酒
4)sex n. 性、性别sexual adj. 性的、性别的sexy=sexed adj. 性感的sexism n. 大男子主义sexist n. 大男子主义者sex kitten 妙龄女郎、性感女子
5)due adj. 正当的、应付的、到期的、约定的
That money is due to me, but I haven’t got it yet.
The bank loan is due this month. We are due to leave tomorrow.
due to = owing to = because of = on account of 由于
6)addict v. 使…上瘾addicted = addictive adj. 上瘾的addiction n. 沉溺、上瘾
be addicted to 沉迷于…，对…有瘾（系表结构）
7)withdraw v. 撤销、撤退withdrawal n. 撤退、戒毒
8)effect n. 影响、效果affect v. 影响、效果influence n. & v. 影响（潜移默化的）
leave a … effect on 给…留下…的影响
9)decide v. 决定decide that…/ to do sth. decide sb. to do sth. 使…决定去做…
decide on 就…作出决定decision n. 决定decisive adj. 决定性的
10)desperate adj. 绝望的desperation n. 绝望
11)chemistry n. 化学chemical adj. 化学的chemist n. 药剂师、化学家
12)shame n. & v. 羞耻、使羞愧shameful adj. 可耻的shameless adj. 无耻的ashamed adj. 羞愧的、感到羞耻的What a shame! = What a pity! 多可惜啊！
13)risk n. & v. 风险、冒险risk doing sth. take risks / a risk to do sth. at risk 处境危险
语法部分
1)Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
该句中有两个宾语从句，宾语从句中都有it做形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。

2)way词组
in a way = in some way 在某种程度上、在某个方面
in this way = by this means = with this method 用这种方法
in no way = by no means 绝不in the way 挡路
3)take off 起飞、脱掉、取消、休假
He took two weeks off in August.
4)it的用法
一、it用于指代单词
1. 指代前文中提到的事物。

See the bus over there? It’s heading for Las Vegas.
辨析：it / one / that
it、one、that都可用于指代上文说到的事物，但各有特点：
it用于指代单数可数名词，而且为特指；one用于指代单数可数名词，但为泛指，试比较：I’ve lost my blue umbrella yesterday. Did you see it?
I’ve lost my blue umbrella yesterday. Can you lend me one?
that用于指代不可数名词，为泛指:
The population of China is quite bigger than that of America.
2. 在电话、问门的情景中指代未知身份和性别的人，或指代婴儿。

-- Who’s knocking at the door?
-- It’s me.
The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother.
3. 指代时间、距离、天气、环境等。

I am afraid I have to pick you up today because it’s raining heavily.
It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to the school.
I can’t study any longer because it’s noisy outside.
4. 用于某些习语中做宾语，无实际意义。

We’ll foot it! 我们将步行去！
Keep at it! 别松劲！干下去！
二、it用于指代句子
1. it做形式主语
有时若主语过长，通常使用it做形式主语，以保持句子结构的平衡。

it做形式主语时，主要有以下重要句式，这些句式涉及许多重要知识点：
1)it可指代不定式或动名词做形式主语
It’s a good idea to camp in the mountains at weekend.
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
(it指代动名词做形式主语的情况较为特殊，常形成固定句式：it’s no use / no good / useless doing sth.)
2)it为形式主语指代一个句子时常涉及虚拟语气
It’s important / necessary / natural / strange / a pity that sb. should do sth.
It’s time that sb. did sth.
It’s suggested / advised / demanded that sb. should do sth.
3)It’s said / reported / expected that…据说/据报道/据预期…
该句式可以进行转换，请注意转化时的变化：
It’s said that sb. will do sth. →sb. is said to do sth.
It’s said that Tommy will arrive this afternoon. →Tommy is said to arrive this afternoon.
It’s said that sb. have / has done / did sth. →sb. is said to have done sth.
It’s said that this book has been translated into several languages. →
This book is said to have been translated into several languages.
2. it做形式宾语
有时宾语过长，且后有宾补修饰，通常使用it做形式宾语，而被指代的真正宾语放到句尾。

We considered it necessary that we should make the plan known to everybody.
I really hate it when people talk with their mouth full.
You’d better keep it in mind that you should never be late for school.
课文部分
请熟背以下句子，注意划线部分：
1)Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it
difficult to give it up.
你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你觉得把它戒掉很难。

2)Believe me, I know how easy it is to being smoking and how tough it is to stop.
相信我吧，我知道，吸烟容易戒烟难。

3)You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。

4)This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
这就意味着，过了一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。

5)As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地做它。

6)I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it
was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
例如，我不知道抽烟能严重损害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。

7)I certainly didn’t know their babies may have a smaller weight or even be abnormal in some
way.
我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻或在某些方面发育不正常。

8)However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible.
可是我的确知道，我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。

9)It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.
这也许会对你戒烟和下定决心有些帮助。

10)Don’t choose a day that (you know) is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam.
不要选择你明知有压力的日子，例如要考试的那一天。

11)If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette.
如果你开始感到紧张或有压力了，不要伸手去拿烟。

12)If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help
you, like nicotine chewing gum.
如果你感到很绝望，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈，帮你想点办法，如嚼含尼古丁的口香糖等。

Unit 4 Global Warming
词汇部分
1)consume v. 消费、消耗consumption n. 消费consumer n. 消费者
2)come系列词组
come about 发生come across 偶遇come along 快点come out 出版；开花come to 渐渐地；总计come up with 提出come to oneself 苏醒come to an end 结束come into effect 生效come to a conclusion 做出结论
come into being 开始存在come into power 开始执政
3)random adj. 胡乱的、任意的randomly adv. 随意地、任意地
4)subscribe v. 签署、捐献、订阅subscription n. 捐献、订阅describe v. description n.
5)quantity n. 量、数量quality n. 质量、品质
a great quantity of 大量的（后接可数或不可数名词，但谓语动词为单数，与quantity一致）quantities of 大量的（后接可数或不可数名词，但谓语动词为复数，与quantities一致）
6)go系列词组
go ahead 进行；表“同意”go by 经过go down 下降
go in for 喜欢go on 继续go over 复习go with 搭配
go through 经历go out 熄灭go up 上升
7)result in 导致= lead to result from 由于
8)oppose v. 反对opposed adj. 对立的、反对的be opposed to 反对…
opposite n. & adj.反方、对立面；对立的、对面的opposition n. 敌对、对立
9)environment n. 环境environmental adj. environmentally adv.
environmentally friendly 环保的
10)consequence n. 结果、后果consequent adj. 必然的consequently adv. 因此
11)even if = even though 即使、即便，引导让步状语从句
12)average adj. 平均的on (the) average 平均
13)put up with 容忍catch up with 赶上keep up with 保持come up with 提出
14)circumstance n. 情形、境况（多用复数形式）under no circumstances = in no way = by no means = on no account 决不
语法部分
1)辨析：come about / happen / take place / break out / occur
come about = happen （随机地、偶然地）发生
take place （按计划、安排）发生
It’s said that the opening ceremony will take place next Monday.
break out 爆发（多指战争或灾难）
occur vi. 发生sth. occurs to sb. = sth. happens to sb.
It occurs to sb. that…某人突然想起…
2)辨析：a great quantity of / quantities of
a great quantity of 单数谓语动词
+ 可数复数名词或不可数名词+
quantities of 复数谓语动词
注：谓语的单复数与quantity形式一致。

3)辨析：result in / result from / as a result / as a result of
result in 导致= lead to +结果
result from 由于+ 原因
as a result 因此，在句中的位置灵活，常做插入语，表示上下文的因果关系。

as a result of 作为…的结果
He was late. As a result, he didn’t catch the bus.
He didn’t catch the bus as a result of being late.
4)辨析：look / see / stare / glare / glance
look vi. 看（强调动作过程）look at
see vt. 看见（强调结果）
stare vi. 注视、盯着stare at
glare vi. 怒视glare at
glance vi. & n. 瞥、扫一眼glance at 瞥、浏览= look through
5)强调句式
●强调句式的基本形式：It is / was +被强调部分+ that / who…（被强调部分为人，可用who）●强调句式的判断标准：去掉句子中的it is / was和that，剩余部分适当调整顺序后就能构成有完整意义和语法结构的句子。

●强调句式考点一：疑问句形式
●强调句式考点二：强调句式与not…until倒装句的混合使用
We won’t realize how important knowledge is until we have to use it. →（转变为倒装句）Not until we have to use knowledge will we realize how important it is. →（结合强调句式）It is not until we have to use knowledge that we will realize how important it is.
●强调句式考点三：强调句式与定语从句的混合使用
It was in front of the building (where we met yesterday) that the accident came about.
6)句式辨析：
●强调句式：It is / was +被强调部分+ that/ who +句子其余部分
●It is + … + when…（定语从句）
it为泛指时间的代词，when引导定语从句修饰前面的时间
It was midnight when I arrived home.（试与下句比较）
It was at midnight that I arrived home.（强调句式）
●It is +一段时间+ since…
It seems quite long time since he lost his memory.
他似乎失忆很长一段时间了。

注意：since从句里的谓语动词如果为短暂性动词，指该动作开始后有多久了；若为延续性动词，则指该动作或状态结束后有多久了，即“不做…有多久了”，试比较：
It is five years since I joined the army. 我参军五年了。

It is five years since I was in the army. 我退伍五年了。

●It will be +一段时间+ before…；It was +一段时间+ before…“（多久）之后才…”
It won’t be long before we meet again. 不久之后我们又会再见面的。

课文部分
请熟背以下句子，注意划线部分：
1)There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，正是人类的活动导致了地球变暖而不是一种任意的自然现象。

2)All scientists subscribed to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.
所有的科学家都同意这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料（如煤、天然气和石油等），从而引起了全球温度的升高。

3)It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾把1957～1997年期间大气层中的二氧化碳含量做了精确的统计。

4)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还同意下述观点，正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。

5)On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。

6)Even if we started reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。

长乐一中高二年段2009-2010学年第一学期
半期复习材料（词汇、语法知识）（模块6）
Unit 5 The Power of Nature
词汇部分
1)hurricane n. 飓风typhoon n. 台风tornado / twister / cyclone n. 龙卷风
tropical storm 热带风暴severe tropical storm 强热带风暴
2)appoint v. 任命、委派appointment n. 任命、约会
3)evaluate v. 评估、评价evaluation n. 评估
4)suit n. 套装v. 适合suitable adj. 合适的be suitable for = be fit for
5)make one’s way 前往、成功make way 让路、开路
If you want to make your way you must learn to work hard while you are still young.
6)potential n. 潜在性、潜能adj. 可能的潜在的potent adj. 有力的、有效的
potency n. 潜力、力量potentiality n. 潜力impotent adj. 无力的、无效的、虚弱的
7)actual adj. 实在的、实际的actually adj. 实际上exactly adv. 确切的
8)threat n. 威胁、恐吓threaten v. 威胁、恐吓
9)precious adj. 珍贵的previous adj. 以前的
10)unconscious adj. 无意识的、失去知觉的conscious adj. 有意识的、知觉的
consciousness n. 意识、知觉subconscious adj. 潜意识的、下意识的
11)shoot v. 射中shoot at 瞄准、向…射击shoot down 击落、坚决反对
shoot up 迅速升起shooting star 流星（meteor）
12)bath n. 洗澡bathe v. 洗澡breath n. 呼吸breathe v. 呼吸path n. 小路
语法部分
1)occasion n. 场合、时机occasional adj. 偶然的、临时的occasionally adv. 偶尔
2)alive adj. 活着的、活泼的、敏感的
alive做定语时通常要放在名词或代词的后面，即后置定语，这一点不同于living
There was nothing alive in this area after the eruption of the volcano.
The injured man is unconscious but still alive.（做表语）
Although he is eighty, he is still very much alive.（有活力的）
Are you alive to what is going on?（你注意到正在发生的事吗？）
辨析：living / live / lively / lovely
living adj. & n. 活着的；活计，常做前置定语the living things 生物，make a living 谋生live adj. 活着的、有生命的，做定语时用法同living，但还有“现场直播的”的含义lively adj. 活泼的、轻快的
lovely adj. 可爱的
3)fast adj. 牢固的、稳定的；忠实的fast asleep 酣睡fast friends 挚友
fasten v. 系牢、固定
4)现在分词用做结果状语
◆现在分词做结果状语
现在分词做结果状语时常用逗号与句子隔开，其逻辑主语可以是前面的一整句话；不定式引导结果状语通常与句子连在一起。

The weather is too cold to stand.
The lights in the building were off, making the street darker.
如果结果状语被only修饰时，常用不定式形式。

The couples hurried to home, only to find their house broken into.
若被only修饰的结果状语为意料之中的结果，还是可以使用现在分词形式；若被only 修饰的结果状语为出乎意料的结果，则用不定式形式。

Her husband died, only leaving her three children.
Her husband died, only to leave her several dollars.
◆现在分词的完成式（having done）及完成式的被动式（having been done）
使用现在分词完成式或其被动式做状语的两个必要条件：
做状语的动词和句子谓语动词有明显的时间先后；做状语的动作的发生导致了句子谓语动词所表示动作或状态的发生。

________ that the problem was more than he could deal with, he called the police for help.
A. Having been realized
B. To realize
C. Realizing
D. Having realized
请同学们试着分析下题：
________ to hospital in time, the little girl infected with bird flu was saved at last.
A. Having been taken
B. Taking
C. Being taken
D. Having taken
◆独立主格结构
通常非谓语动词用做状语时，句子的主语就为它们的逻辑主语，如：
Looking through the passage, he was trying to find the general idea.
Having finished my work, I was able to play golf for a relaxation.
Warned by the teacher, she didn’t dare to go swimming alone again.
To catch the last train, we decided to take a taxi to the station.
然而，有的时候做状语的非谓语动词与句子的主语毫无关系，此时就须另外给它安排一个独立的名词或代词做动作的发出者或承受者，如：
It being Sunday, we needn’t go to school.
There being no water, I had to fetch some in the supermarket.
但上文中的it和there与非谓语动词being之间又并非真正的主谓关系，因此称它们为主格。

（注：具体练习见《世纪金榜》Unit 5 Warming-up and Reading部分“难句剖析”）
课文部分
请熟背以下句子，注意划线部分：
1)However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth – the volcano.
然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。

2)Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将向何处流去，流速
是多少。

3)The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.
顺着山坡往下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失大得多，这是因为火山熔岩所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。

4)Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
由于我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对这种声音我并不在意。

5)Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer.
早先从观测站出发时就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。

6)The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶山观察他们。

7)Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的美以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。