胸腔积液的定义PPT优秀课件
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The five major types of pleural effusion are transudates, exudates, empyema, hemorrhagic pleural effusion or hemothorax, and or chyliform effusion.
பைடு நூலகம்
胸腔积液产生与吸收的机制
【Clinical Manifestation】
症状
胸痛:大量积液时,气急加重,胸痛消失。 Pleuritic chest pain and dry cough
呼吸困难:>300-500ml Small pleural effusions are usually asymptomatic, whereas large pleural effusions may cause dyspnea
胸腔积液的定义PPT优秀课件
Definition
❖ 正常胸腔内有微量液体起润滑作用。其 产生与吸收处于动态平衡。
❖ 当产生增加或吸收减少,胸膜腔内液体 积聚,便形成胸腔积液。
❖ General Considerations: Pleural fluid is formed in the normal individual mostly on the parietal pleural surface at the rate of about 0.1mL/kg body weight/h.
Decreased tactile fremitus; dullness to percussion; distant breath sounds; egophony if effusion is large.
Radiographic evidence of pleural effusion. Diagnostic findings on thoracentesis.
胸腔积液的形成:
上述胸液滤出和再吸收压力梯度失衡或胸膜面积变化
淋巴管引流受影响
【Pathogenesy】
一、毛细血管静水压增高:充血性心衰、缩窄性 心包炎等→体循环或肺循环静水压增加。漏出液为主
二、毛细血管通透性增加:胸膜炎症、胸膜肿瘤、 全身性疾病等。渗出液(胸水胶渗压升高)
三、血浆胶体渗透压降低:低蛋白血症:肝硬化、 肾病综合征。漏出液
体循环瘀血表现。
影象诊断(image)(1)
1、胸液0.3~0.5L时,肋隔角变纯;
About 250mL of pleural fluid must be present before effusion can be detected on conventional erect posteroanterior chest radiograph. 2、更多的积液可见液性曲线(外高、内低的弧形上缘), 随体位变化。 3、液气胸时可见液平面。 4、局限性积液(包裹性胸腔积液):叶间积液、肺底积 液。 5、积液量的判断:2、4前肋
四、淋巴管引流障碍:癌症淋巴管阻塞。渗出液 五、损伤所致胸腔内出血:外伤,主A瘤破裂;
血性、脓性、乳糜性均属渗出液。
主要病因和积液性质: 参见讲义 P144 表2-13-1
Essentials of Diagnosis
Asymptomatic in many cases; pleurtic chest pain if pleuritis is present; dyspnea if effusion is large.
壁层胸膜液体进入胸膜腔压力梯度:9cmH2O
毛细血管静水压 30cmH2O 胸膜腔负压 5cmH2O 胸膜腔胶体渗透压 8cmH2O 毛细血管胶体渗透压34cmH2O
脏层胸膜液体从胸膜腔回收压力梯度:10cmH2O 毛细血管静水压 11cmH2O
胸膜腔负压 5cmH2O 胸膜腔胶体渗透压 8cmH2O 毛细血管胶体渗透压34cmH2O 淋巴回流。
体征(1):
气管移位:大量胸水可伴气管、纵隔移向健侧。 呼吸动度减弱 叩浊音, 呼吸音降低,胸膜摩擦音。
体征(2)
Physical findings are absent if less than 200300mL of pleural fluid is present. Signs consistent with a larger pleural effusion include decrease in tactile fremitus, dullness to percussion, and diminution of breath sounds over the effusion. 原发病的症状、体征: 结核中毒症状, 恶液质,
壁层胸膜
胸膜腔
脏层胸膜
(体循环cap) (进入)
胸腔内负压 (5)
胸腔内胶体渗透压
(8 cm H2O淋) 巴回流
(肺循环cap) (吸收)
毛细血管胶体渗透压
34cm H2O
30cm H2O
液体渗出压力梯度
毛细血管静水压
(5+8+30)-34=9cm H2O
11cm H2O
液体再吸收压力梯度 34-(5+8+11)=10cm H2O
影象诊断(image)(2)
6、单侧大量积液:Ca、TB、其他。 Massive pleural effusion (opacification of an
entire hemithorax) is commonly caused by cancer but has been observed in tuberculosis and other diseases.
Absorption of fluid occurs mostly through visceral pleural capillaries, while protein is recovered through parietal pleural lymphatics. The resultant homeostasis leaves 5-15mL of fluid normally present in the pleural space.
பைடு நூலகம்
胸腔积液产生与吸收的机制
【Clinical Manifestation】
症状
胸痛:大量积液时,气急加重,胸痛消失。 Pleuritic chest pain and dry cough
呼吸困难:>300-500ml Small pleural effusions are usually asymptomatic, whereas large pleural effusions may cause dyspnea
胸腔积液的定义PPT优秀课件
Definition
❖ 正常胸腔内有微量液体起润滑作用。其 产生与吸收处于动态平衡。
❖ 当产生增加或吸收减少,胸膜腔内液体 积聚,便形成胸腔积液。
❖ General Considerations: Pleural fluid is formed in the normal individual mostly on the parietal pleural surface at the rate of about 0.1mL/kg body weight/h.
Decreased tactile fremitus; dullness to percussion; distant breath sounds; egophony if effusion is large.
Radiographic evidence of pleural effusion. Diagnostic findings on thoracentesis.
胸腔积液的形成:
上述胸液滤出和再吸收压力梯度失衡或胸膜面积变化
淋巴管引流受影响
【Pathogenesy】
一、毛细血管静水压增高:充血性心衰、缩窄性 心包炎等→体循环或肺循环静水压增加。漏出液为主
二、毛细血管通透性增加:胸膜炎症、胸膜肿瘤、 全身性疾病等。渗出液(胸水胶渗压升高)
三、血浆胶体渗透压降低:低蛋白血症:肝硬化、 肾病综合征。漏出液
体循环瘀血表现。
影象诊断(image)(1)
1、胸液0.3~0.5L时,肋隔角变纯;
About 250mL of pleural fluid must be present before effusion can be detected on conventional erect posteroanterior chest radiograph. 2、更多的积液可见液性曲线(外高、内低的弧形上缘), 随体位变化。 3、液气胸时可见液平面。 4、局限性积液(包裹性胸腔积液):叶间积液、肺底积 液。 5、积液量的判断:2、4前肋
四、淋巴管引流障碍:癌症淋巴管阻塞。渗出液 五、损伤所致胸腔内出血:外伤,主A瘤破裂;
血性、脓性、乳糜性均属渗出液。
主要病因和积液性质: 参见讲义 P144 表2-13-1
Essentials of Diagnosis
Asymptomatic in many cases; pleurtic chest pain if pleuritis is present; dyspnea if effusion is large.
壁层胸膜液体进入胸膜腔压力梯度:9cmH2O
毛细血管静水压 30cmH2O 胸膜腔负压 5cmH2O 胸膜腔胶体渗透压 8cmH2O 毛细血管胶体渗透压34cmH2O
脏层胸膜液体从胸膜腔回收压力梯度:10cmH2O 毛细血管静水压 11cmH2O
胸膜腔负压 5cmH2O 胸膜腔胶体渗透压 8cmH2O 毛细血管胶体渗透压34cmH2O 淋巴回流。
体征(1):
气管移位:大量胸水可伴气管、纵隔移向健侧。 呼吸动度减弱 叩浊音, 呼吸音降低,胸膜摩擦音。
体征(2)
Physical findings are absent if less than 200300mL of pleural fluid is present. Signs consistent with a larger pleural effusion include decrease in tactile fremitus, dullness to percussion, and diminution of breath sounds over the effusion. 原发病的症状、体征: 结核中毒症状, 恶液质,
壁层胸膜
胸膜腔
脏层胸膜
(体循环cap) (进入)
胸腔内负压 (5)
胸腔内胶体渗透压
(8 cm H2O淋) 巴回流
(肺循环cap) (吸收)
毛细血管胶体渗透压
34cm H2O
30cm H2O
液体渗出压力梯度
毛细血管静水压
(5+8+30)-34=9cm H2O
11cm H2O
液体再吸收压力梯度 34-(5+8+11)=10cm H2O
影象诊断(image)(2)
6、单侧大量积液:Ca、TB、其他。 Massive pleural effusion (opacification of an
entire hemithorax) is commonly caused by cancer but has been observed in tuberculosis and other diseases.
Absorption of fluid occurs mostly through visceral pleural capillaries, while protein is recovered through parietal pleural lymphatics. The resultant homeostasis leaves 5-15mL of fluid normally present in the pleural space.